Intermolecular forces (liquids and solids)

Grade 12 - General Chemistry 2

1. KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF LIQUIDS AND GASES FJ PALMA

2. Specific Learning Outcomes compare the properties of liquids and solids with those of gases apply the kinetic molecular theory to describe liquids and solids describe the various intermolecular forces and factors that affect their strengths identify the types of intermolecular forces that may operate in a given molecular substance rank substances according to strength of intermolecular forces; illustrate the intermolecular forces between molecules of a compound. 2 At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

3. ACTIVITY! PAINT ME A PICTURE D iscuss among your group how to act the assigned state. One member of the group will explain their act. 3 FJ PALMA

4. ACTIVITY! DONE BY 5 MEMBERS Using the picture acts carried out by the class at the motivation part, and the following illustration of solid, liquid and gas, answer the questions that follow. 4 FJ PALMA

5. 1. Compare the properties of gases, liquids, and solids in terms of distances and arrangement of their molecules . a. Compare the distances among molecules in the gas, liquid and solid and rank the phases in increasing distance between particles. b. Describe the characteristic movement of the particles of gas, liquid and solid. c. How are the molecules of gas, liquid and solid arranged? d. Arrange the three phases of matter in order of increasing volume of empty space between its molecules. e. Identify the property of matter that corresponds to the molecular behavior. 5 FJ PALMA

6. 6 Use the table to present the comparison of the properties of gases, liquids and solids. FJ PALMA

7. 7 Use the table to present the comparison of the properties of gases, liquids and solids. FJ PALMA

8. 8 FJ PALMA

9. LET’S REVIEW SOME CONCEPTS (BY TABLE) PLEASE BRING THE FOLLOWING: ALCOHOL ACETONE BUTANE (OR FUEL FOR LIGHTERS) 4 DROPPERS 9 FJ PALMA

10. 1. I ntermolecular forces of attraction 10 FJ PALMA

11. ACTIVITY! Water Ethanol Acetone Butane or lighter fluid 8 one peso coins 11 Materials needed:

12. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS!!! 12

13. The activity should be performed in an airy or well-ventilated room. Remind the students of the proper handling of the substances they will be using. Avoid contact with the skin and direct inhalation of the vapors of the substances. It is best if the students use safety gloves, goggles and mask. 13

14. 1.Work in groups. One of the members will act as the recorder of data . 2 . Each group should have 8 pieces of 1-peso coin and 4 droppers . 3. Using the first 4 coins, have the students drop each liquid on a 1-peso coin and count the number of drops the coin can hold. PROCEDURE: 4 . Then on the next 4 coins, put a drop of the liquid and determine how much time it takes one drop to evaporate. 7. Record your results. 14

15. Guide questions: a. Which molecules can hold more drops on the coin? b. Which molecules took longer to evaporate? c. Are the molecules that can hold the lesser number of drops the same as the molecules that took less time to evaporate? d. Based on the formula and geometries of the substances, are the molecules that can hold more drops on the coin polar or nonpolar? What about those that took longer to evaporate? 15

16. Define intemolecular forces of attraction. Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that act between molecules or particles in the solid or liquid states. 16

17. E xplain why melting points and boiling points of substances can be used as indicators of strength of intermolecular forces operating in given solids and liquids. When a solid melts, or a liquid boils, the particles move away from each other. As they do, intermolecular forces of attraction are broken. The stronger the intermolecular forces to be broken, the larger the amount of energy needed to break them, hence, the higher the melting point for solid to liquid transformation, and boiling point for liquid to gas transformation. 17

18. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES 18

19. 19 London Dispersion Forces T hese forces of attraction result from temporary dipole moments induced in ordinarily nonpolar molecules. These forces are present between all types of molecules due to the movement of electrons.

20. 20 Dipole-dipole forces These are attractive forces between polar molecules (molecules that possess dipole moments). This type of force is stronger than the dispersion forces because polar molecules have a permanent uneven distribution of electrons. The nature of attraction is electrostatic and can be understood in terms of Coulomb’s law: The larger the dipole moment, the stronger the attraction.

21. 21 Hydrogen bond is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond , such as N ‒ H, O ‒ H, or F ‒ H, and an electronegative O, N, or F atom. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are particularly strong.

22. The following diagram can be used to determine the types of intermolecular forces present in substances . 22

23. The following diagram can be used to determine the types of intermolecular forces present in substances . 23

24. THANKS! Any questions? You can find me at NANGANGAMOY MANGABSENT UGMA 😂 FACULTY ROOM OWN FB FJPALMA

25. 25 Any questions? You can find me at NANGANGAMOY MANGABSENT UGMA😂 FACULTY ROOM OWN FB THANKS!

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