Internet Concepts and the backbone of it

BIT 2nd sem Internet concept chapter slide for phoenix college of management

1. INTERNET CONCEPTS

2. INTERNET NUMBER MANAGEMENT 1. IANA is responsible for the global coordination of the DNS Root, IP addressing, and other Internet protocol resources. - It allocates and maintains unique codes and numbering systems that are used in various Internet protocols. - IANA manages the top-level domain (TLD) name space, allocates IP address space, assigns protocol identifiers, manages the operation of the DNS root server system, and maintains the . arpa domain, among other functions.

3. RIRs (Regional Internet Registries ) - RIRs are regional organizations responsible for the allocation and management of Internet number resources within their respective regions. - There are currently five RIRs, each responsible for a specific geographic region: - ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) - Serving the United States, Canada, and parts of the Caribbean. - RIPE NCC ( Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre) - Serving Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia. - APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre) - Serving the Asia-Pacific region. - LACNIC (Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre) - Serving Latin America and parts of the Caribbean. - AFRINIC (African Network Information Centre) - Serving Africa.

4. Continue.. National Internet Registries (NIRs) : In some cases, countries have established NIRs to manage and distribute IP addresses within their national borders. NIRs work under the authority of the respective RIR in their region. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) : ISPs are responsible for assigning IP addresses to their customers, typically through methods such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) for IPv4 or stateless address autoconfiguration for IPv6.

5. Continue.. LIR stands for "Local Internet Registry." It's an organization or entity that has been allocated IP address blocks by a Regional Internet Registry (RIR) and is responsible for distributing and managing IP addresses within a specific geographic region, typically on a smaller scale than the RIR itself.

6. Internet Access OverView Internet connection options vary by  Internet Service Provider  and by region . Customers should consider some of the following factors before selecting an Internet package and Internet connection type: connection speed or bandwidth, cost , availability , reliability and convenience

7. Overview Types of Internet Connections : Broadband : Broadband internet connections provide high-speed access to the Internet and are typically always-on . DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) : DSL utilizes existing telephone lines to deliver internet access. Cable : Cable internet uses coaxial cable infrastructure to deliver high-speed internet access. Fiber Optic : Fiber optic internet delivers ultra-fast speeds by transmitting data using light signals through fiber optic cables. Satellite : Satellite internet provides internet access via satellite signals, making it available in remote or rural areas where other types of connectivity are limited. Wireless : Wireless internet connections, such as Wi-Fi, cellular data, and fixed wireless broadband, enable users to connect to the Internet without physical cables.

8. Continue.. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) : ISPs are companies or organizations that provide internet access to customers. They offer various plans and packages with different speeds, data limits, and pricing. ISPs can be large telecommunications companies, cable providers, satellite operators, or local/regional internet service providers.

9. Continue.. Access Devices : Users connect to the Internet using a variety of devices, including computers, smartphones , tablets, gaming consoles, smart TVs, and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. Access devices require compatible network interfaces (such as Ethernet ports, Wi-Fi adapters, or cellular modems) to connect to the Internet through wired or wireless connections.

10. Continue.. Internet Protocols and Services : Internet Protocol (IP) is the foundational protocol that enables devices to communicate over the Internet. IPv4 and IPv6 are the two main versions of IP currently in use. Users access a wide range of online services and resources, including websites, email, social media platforms, cloud storage, online banking, streaming media, and e-commerce websites.

11. Continue.. Internet Governance and Regulation : Internet access is subject to various regulations and policies imposed by governments, regulatory bodies, and international organizations. Net neutrality, privacy protections, cybersecurity measures, and competition policies are among the key issues in internet governance and regulation.

12. Internet Backbone Networks An optical backbone , also known as an optical fiber backbone or fiber optic backbone, is a high-capacity telecommunications infrastructure that forms the core of a network. It primarily consists of optical fiber cables, which are strands of glass or plastic that transmit data as pulses of light .

13. Marine Cables Marine cables, also known as submarine cables or undersea cables, are crucial components of global telecommunications infrastructure. These cables are laid on the ocean floor and connect continents, islands, and countries, facilitating international communication and data exchange .

14. Teleports Teleports are the channel by which satellite can be integrated into complex networks involving fiber, microwave, wireless and mobile technologies to expand their reach beyond the edge of the network.

15. Satellite Satellite internet provides connectivity across the globe from space in places that terrestrial methods can not reach. Satellite internet works by transmitting data between ground stations and satellites orbiting the Earth .