Intro to IS - Week 02 - Computer, Hardware, & Software.pptx

Computer , hardware and software

1. WEEK 02 The Computer, Hardware & Software What is a Computer Hardware & Software Computer Hardware History of Software Software Creation Modern Software

2. 13 What is a Computer? A brief about computer and how it works to produce information in digital era

3. What is a Computer? Definition Computers are electronic devices that can follow instructions to accept input, process the input and then produce information. A computer is a machine that can store and process information. Note: Watch the video in your online course about how computer works? You will learn further about computer in topic 2 & 3.

4. How a computer communicate with you? Definition Opps…..what’s wrong What should I do? Who’s to blame?

5. How a computer communicate with you? Definition What is not working? The server? The Internet Connection? Or my Computer?

6. How a computer communicate with you? Definition Don’t get panic!!!. The computer is trying to talk to you. Understand its message.

7. How a computer communicate with you? Definition How to talk to my device? Modern touch screen phone

8. How will computer improve your life? Definition How we interact and communicate Social networking tools enable groups to connect and exchange ideas. Email and instant messages VS post mail Web 2.0 (user generated content, ease of use, interoperability/multiplatform, etc.) How we consume Marketing Strategy selling products via Internet E-Commerce How we react to health Vaccine research Health monitoring

9. How will computer improve your life? Definition How we react to law enforcement Computer forensics Crime records database How we react to environment Early warning system Heat sensors Geographic Information System (GIS) How we react to education Learning Management System (LMS: Moodle, Blackboard, etc ) Massive Open Online Course (MOOC: Coursera, Linkedin Learning) Simulation software (CAD, Virtual lab, etc ) Discussion How technology give impact to our society? What is the technology gap in our country? Technology is not just: A means for career advancement A skill set needed to survive in society Technology can provide ways you can make an impact

10. 13 Hardware & Software A brief about computer and how it works to produce information in digital era

11. Source: google Can the you guess the names of all items illustrated by icons in the page?

12. Source: google

13. Hardware VS Software Comparation Hardware Software Tangible . Physically exist. Logical . No Physical Attribute. Digital. Hardware is manufactured . Software is developed . Hardware must physically be moved and installed. Software must electronically be moved (ex: upload) and installed. If hardware gets damaged: replaced with new one. If software gets corrupted: do reinstall . Hardware can not perform any task without software. Software can not be executed without any hardware.

14. What is a Computer? Definition A computer consists of a CPU, memory, hard disk, floppy disk, monitor, printer, and communication devices.

15. What is a Computer: Hardware & Software Definition Hardware: Electronic Devices Input : Keyboard, Mouse System unit: Random Access Memory (RAM) Central Processing Unit (CPU) Output: Monitor, Printer Secondary Storage: Disk Drive Software: Instructions and Computer Programs. Instructions for the hardware: Actions to be performed A set of instructions is called a program. Driving force behind the compute Without a program – What is a computer? Collection of Useless Hardware Two purposes: Tell the computer what to do Tell other people what we want the computer to do. A computer needs hardware to receive input, process data/information, and g ive output. No Hardware = No Computer.

16. What is a Computer: CPU Definition The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer. It retrieves instructions from memory and executes them. The CPU speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), with 1 megahertz equaling 1 million pulses per second. The speed of the CPU has been improved continuously. The newest Intel Processor is the 11th Gen Intel® Core™ i7-1185G7 supporting up to 4.8Ghz Turbo clock speeds (2020)

17. Intel vs AMD is one of the biggest rivalries in the tech world. Choosing the  best processor  or graphics card has never been harder thanks in part to the Intel vs AMD struggle for domination

18. What is a Computer: Motherboard Definition The motherboard is the backbone that serves as a single platform to connect all of the parts of a computer together at one spot and allows them to talk to each other. Desktop & Laptop motherboard have a different size standard & shape.

19. What is a Computer: Memory Definition Memory is to store data and program instructions for CPU to execute. A memory unit is an ordered sequence of bytes, each holds eight bits. A program and its data must be brought to memory before they can be executed. A memory byte is never empty, but its initial content may be meaningless to your program. The current content of a memory byte is lost whenever new information is placed in it. Primary Memory: RAM, ROM Secondary Memory: HDD, Memory Card, USB

20. Memory: How data is stored? Definition Data of various kinds, such as numbers, characters, and strings, are encoded as a series of bits (zeros and ones). Computers use zeros and ones because digital devices have two stable states, which are referred to as zero and one by convention. The programmers need not to be concerned about the encoding and decoding of data, which is performed automatically by the system based on the encoding scheme.

21. Memory: How data is stored? Definition The encoding scheme varies. For example, character ‘J’ is represented by 01001010 in one byte. A small number such as three can be stored in a single byte. If computer needs to store a large number that cannot fit into a single byte, it uses a number of adjacent bytes. No two data can share or split a same byte. A byte is the minimum storage unit.

22. What is a Computer: Storage Definition Memory is volatile, because information is lost when the power is off. Programs and data are permanently stored on storage devices and are moved to memory when the computer actually uses them. There are many types of storage devices: Disk drives (HDD, SSD) CD, DVD, Blue-Ray drives Tape drives Cloud Drives Past (Floppy Disk, Diskette)

23. What is a Computer: Power Supply Definition Power supply units (PSU) pull power from your wall outlet and distribute it throughout your PC. Without the right amount of power, your machine will not function how you need it to — and it may not even turn on. Standard PSU in Indonesia has AC Input voltage 180 - 240 V and 450 watt. A bigger PSU watt is needed especially to run latest CPU & GPU.

24. What is a Computer: GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) Definition A graphics processing unit (GPU) or sometimes often called graphic card is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. The Graphics Card is responsible for rendering an image to your monitor. The better the graphics card the better and smoother an image can be produced. This is naturally very important for gamers and video editors

25. What is a Computer: Monitor Definition The monitor displays information (text and graphics). The resolution and dot pitch determine the quality of the display. Size: 15-32” Dot Pitch Resolution: 1.920 x 1.080 (Full HD) – 8K (7.680 by 4.320) Refresh Rate: 60 -240Hz Color Gamut (Full range of colors visible to the human eye): 99% sRGB 100% Adobe RGB 72% NTSC

26. Monitor: Resolution & Dot Pitch Definition The screen resolution specifies the number of pixels in horizontal and vertical dimensions of the display device. Pixels (short for “picture elements”) are tiny dots that form an image on the screen. A common resolution for a 17-inch screen, for example, is 1,024 pixels wide and 768 pixels high. The resolution can be set manually. The higher the resolution, the sharper and clearer the image is. The dot pitch is the amount of space between pixels, measured in millimeters. The smaller the dot pitch, the sharper the display.

27. What is a Computer: Communication Devices Definition A regular modem uses a phone line and can transfer data in a speed up to 56,000 bps (bits per second). 56K modem. A DSL (digital subscriber line) also uses a phone line and can transfer data in a speed 20 times faster than a regular modem. A cable modem uses the TV cable line maintained by the cable company. A cable modem is as fast as a DSL. Network interface card (NIC) is a device to connect a computer to a local area network (LAN). The LAN is commonly used in business, universities, and government organizations. A typical type of NIC, called 10BaseT , can transfer data at 10 mbps (million bits per second).

28. What is a Computer: Program Definition Computer programs, known as software, are instructions to the computer. You tell a computer what to do through programs. Without programs, a computer is an empty machine. Computers do not understand human languages, so you need to use computer languages to communicate with them. Programs are written using programming languages.

29. Daily Case Input Device Keyboard Mouse Mic Scanner Camera LAN (in) Wi-Fi (in) Bluetooth (in) Flash disk/removable (in) DVD room (in) etc. Possible threat(s)!!? When you plug in some input device and this information appear!

30. Daily Case Process Device CPU RAM Bus etc.

31. Daily Case Output Device Monitor Speaker Printer LAN (out) Wi-Fi (out) Bluetooth (out) Flash disk/removable (out) DVD room (out) etc.

32. Daily Case High utilization (>70%) CPU, memory, Disk, GPU What is the problem? Virus? Need to upgrade the hardware?

33. Daily Case 2.2GHz  2.2B instructions/second Radeon R5 GPU  video render, game, AI 8GB  8B characters (letter/number/symbol) x64  64 bit every instruction

34. Daily Case 64 bit bus Radeon R5 GPU 2.2Ghz CPU x 4 8192MB RAM Run dxdiag (DirectX diagnostic)

35. Daily Case 4556 MB  4.556mil x 8 / 3 pixels (display resolution 1280 x 768 x 60Hz refresh rate)

36. Daily Case Adjust/control Must know when to use 100% of power

37. Daily Case Peripheral, connector types Use accordingly  save time

38. Daily Case CPU  how many workers available vs. idle workers Speed: 1.2GHz L1 256KB L2 2.0MB

39. Daily Case RAM  meeting room Available 2,3GB Slots used 2of 2 Speed: 1333GHz

40. Daily Case Disk  parking lot ART small RS big WS big

41. Daily Case Network  toll road Send big Receive big Idle zero Security  suspicious traffic  virus/bot

42. Daily Case Dedicated GPU memory big

43. Common Troubleshoot: Energy Life-threatening risk  current  use fuse/circuit breaker Lower voltage  safer Multi tester, test pen, etc. Check supply A 110-230VAC (caution) B 5-24VDC

44. Common Troubleshoot: Overheating Find the software such as CPUID. The ideal CPU temp is below 80°C in general and only pushing up to 85°C at the most, although 90°C still being ‘safe’. Overheat can slow down your PC and automatically shut it down leading to data loss, or permanent damage the components. Check the cooling system such as fan, vents, and dust. For laptop, cooling pad is a good solution.

45. Common Troubleshoot: Peripherals Check driver 1. From CD 2. From Internet Check hardware name/type  vendor website/support Resources conflict  manual configuration

46. How to find the best PC & Laptop? Definition Laptop is a long time investment. We can use laptop for 3-10 years. Every year there will be a new technology & new laptop, so its very important to find the right specs and the timing to buy. The ideal laptop depends on your job, but we can try this website for the exploration: http://choosist.com

47. YouTube is the best place to find the review from the expert

48. Discussion “Try your own suitable work device!” Duration: 15 Min | Separate Group Discussion Present your discussion results in the eCampus forum.

49. Laptop for VCD Student Strategy Graphic Design All Printed Matters & Still Images Heavily use Processor Multimedia Video, Animation & 3D Heavily use Processor and VGA/GPU (for rendering)

50. Laptop & Software for VCD Student 2021 Recommended Spec, Higher is better Graphic Design Multimedia Processor Intel ®  Core ™  i5  Processors AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Intel ®  Core ™  i5  Processors AMD Ryzen™ 5000 Series Pay attention to Intel processor generation. 11 th generation is the latest generation (2021) and of course faster than 10 th generation (2020) Ram 8GB 8GB Hardisk SSD 256 GB NVMe SSD 256 GB NVMe GPU/VGA Card Integrated Graphics Intel® Iris® Xe Graphics AMD Radeon Vega 11 Discrete Graphics Nvidia Mx250 2GB Discrete Graphics Nvidia GTX1650 4GB Nvidia RTX 3050 Monitor Full HD IPS Full HD IPS Color Gamut: 100% sRGB and 72% NTSC

51. MacBook Pro Apple OS Vs Windows Asus, Lenovo etc Ecosystem (iPhone, iPad) Best Color Gamut (99% DCI-P3) Brand Awareness Price to Performance Game Friendly Range of choice (Ultrabook, notebook, 2 in 1)

52. 13 Software A brief about computer and how it works to produce information in digital era

53. What is Software? Definition Commonly referred as Computer Software, Application, Program, System, etc. Any set of instructions that guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. A collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Information that specifies how the device should work with other data, information, and knowledge. A set of programs, procedures, and algorithms.

54. The academic fields studying software are computer science , and software engineering . In computer science and software engineering, software is all information processed by computer system, programs and data.

55. The History Of Software

56. Software History History The first theory about software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungs problem (Decision problem). The first generation of software for early stored-program digital computers in the late 1940s had its instructions written directly in binary code , generally written for mainframe computers. The term "software" was first used in print by John W. Tukey in 1958. The term is often used to mean application software.

57. The History of Programming Language History Software tells the computer what to do and how to do. A computer performs different operations according to the instruction of software. Software is developed in a computer programming language. In this case, the history of software is related closely to the history of programming language itself.

58. First Generation ( 1GL) The History of Programming Language During the 1950's the first computers were programmed by changing the wires and set tens of dials and switches. One for every bit sometimes these settings could be stored on paper tapes that looked like a ticker tape from the telegraph . The instructions in 1GL are made of binary numbers , represented by 1s and 0s . This makes the language suitable for the understanding of the machine but far more difficult to interpret and learn by the human programmer.

59. Second Generation (2GL) The History of Programming Language The first generation "languages" were regarded as very user unfriendly people set out to look for something else, faster and easier to understand. The result was the birth of the second generation languages (2GL) at the mid of the 1950’s. In modern programs, second generation, also refer to: assembly languages, are rarely used. The vast majority of programs are written in a Third-generation programming language or a Fourth-generation programming language.

60. Second Generation (2GL) The History of Programming Language The first generation "languages" were regarded as very user unfriendly people set out to look for something else, faster and easier to understand. The result was the birth of the second generation languages (2GL) at the mid of the 1950’s. In modern programs, second generation, also refer to: assembly languages, are rarely used. The vast majority of programs are written in a Third-generation programming language or a Fourth-generation programming language.

61. Third Generation ( 3GL) The History of Programming Language At the end of the 1950's the 'natural language ’ interpreters and compilers were made. But it took sometime before the new languages were accepted by enterprises. About the oldest 3GL is FORTRAN (Formula Translation) which was developed around 1953 by IBM. This is a language primarily intended for technical and scientific purposes .

62. Forth Generation ( 4GL) The History of Programming Language A 4GL is an aid which the end user or programmer can use to build an application without using a third generation programming language. Therefore knowledge of a programming language is strictly spoken not needed. 4GL languages tend to be specialized toward very specific programming domains. 4GL languages may include support for database management, report generation, mathematical optimization, GUI development, or web development. Example for 4GL: SAS, SPSS, R, PL/SQL, MANTIS, ABAP, NATURAL.

63. Fifth Generation ( 5GL) The History of Programming Language While fourth-generation programming languages are designed to build specific programs, fifth-generation languages are designed to make the computer solve a given problem without the programmer . This way, the user only needs to concern with the problems need to be solved and what conditions need to be met, without worrying about how to implement a routine or algorithm to solve them. Fifth-generation languages are used mainly in artificial intelligence research.

64. Main Classification of Software Classification System Software Programming Software Application Software

65. Application Software / Program / Apps Apps Application software are developed to perform one or more specific task. These are mostly designed for end users. • Word processor • Spreadsheet • Presentation Software • Database Management System • Desktop Publisher • Graphic Editor • Web Browser

66. System Software Software It is used to control the usage and allocation of different hardware components. Operating Systems (OS) – coordinates and handles the details of working with the computer hardware. It manages all computer (device) components and operations.

67. System Software Software Utility software – provides additional tools to maintain and service your system (many utility software tasks are now included in the OS).

68. System Software Software Driver or Device Driver – a program that is used to operate and control a device attached to the computer. It is the interface between OS and the Hardware.

69. Programming Software Software Programming Software is a software that can be used to develop computer software, even to develop other programming software. The programming software usually provides Tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs. Compilers are the most common example included of this kind of software. Other important tools are: Debugger, Interpreters, Linkers, and Text Editors.

70. Software License

71. Software Licensing Licensing Software License is a legal instrument (by way of contract law) governing the usage or redistribution of software, allowing an individual or group to use a piece of software. All applications are mostly licensed . Some are based on the number machines on which the licensed program can run whereas others are based on the number of users that can use the program. License Key term is common in the Software Industries. To obtain the license, we would need to pay sum amount of money. This software known as proprietary (or commercial ) software. There is also free license type software, that allow us to use the software for free.

72. End User License Agreement (EULA) Licensing States the following: Owner of the software Whether copies can be made Number of installations allowed Warranties

73. Freeware vs Open Source Software Comparation Freeware Open Source Computer software that is available for use with no cost or for an optional fee Computer software that is available for use with no cost or for an optional fee

74. Software Piracy Piracy The unauthorized copying of software. Refers to ways of obtaining software without the permission of the software holder. Some common types of software piracy include: Counterfeit software OEM unbundling Softlifting Hard disk loading Internet software piracy

75. Software Creation

76. How to Create Computer Software? Creation Editing / writing the program (output: source codes) Compiling (output: .obj file) Linking with compiled files (output .exe file) Loading and executing Testing the program

77. Writing Program Creation Example of coding in one of popular Programing Language.

78. Writing Program Creation Example of coding in one of popular Programing Language.

79. Source: www.techlobsters.com The most common process in software development is called Waterfall Model (Life Cycles).

80. THE SUMMARY so far.. Software User interacts with Application Software Then, Application Software interacts with the System Software to use specific hardware devices

81. Modern Software

82. Software as a Service (SaaS) Modern Software Software installed in the cloud (internet) No Installation Required Require Internet for Usage Available for Commercial and Free License Piracy can be minimized Web-based applications Collaborate online Note: Watch the video in your online course about Cloud Computing & SAAS

83. Common example of SaaS

84. Source: www.servicecore.com

85. SaaS as a part of BIG Cloud Service

86. Source: m.oursky.com