Introdução a química conceitos e teorias

slide educação química
Conceitos de exercício

1. Vamos de ... P r o f . G l e i d i a n e

2. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 7s 7p DIAGRAMA DE LINUS PAULING

3. 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 7p 2p 3p 4p 5p 6p 3d 4d 5d 6d 5f 6f 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 O átomo de FERRO possui número atômico 26 , sua distribuição eletrônica, nos subníveis será... s 2 p 6 d 10 f 14

4. O átomo de FERRO possui número atômico 26, sua distribuição eletrônica, nos subníveis será... 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 6 ordem crescente de energia 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 6 4s 2 ordem geométrica ou distância 3d 6 subnível de maior energia 4s 2 subnível mais externo K = 2 L = 8 M = 14 N = 2 distribuição nos níveis

5. ( UERJ ) A figura a seguir foi proposta por um ilustrador para representar um átomo de lítio 3 Li 7 no estado fundamental, segundo o modelo de Rutherford – Böhr. elétron nêutron próton Constatamos que a figura está incorreta em relação ao número de: nêutrons no núcleo. partículas no núcleo. elétrons por camada. partículas na eletrosfera. prótons na eletrosfera. 3 Li 7 1s 2 2s 1 K = 2 L = 1 Os elétrons estão nos subníveis de menores energias K L M

6. Devido à dificuldade de calcular a posição exata de um elétron na eletrosfera, o cientista Erwin Schordinger foi levado a calcular a região onde haveria maior probabilidade de encontrar um elétron Essa região foi chamada de ORBITAL

7. O subnível “ s “ possui um único orbital na forma esférica Didaticamente será representado por um quadrado Nos subníveis teremos os seguintes números de orbitais:

8. O subnível “ p “ possui três orbitais na forma de um duplo ovóide e orientações espaciais perpendiculares entre si Didaticamente será representado por três quadrados

9. O subnível “ d “ possui cinco orbitais

10. O subnível “ f “ possui sete orbitais

11. Em um mesmo orbital encontraremos, no máximo , 2 elétrons com spins opostos Princípio da exclusão de Pauli Spin ( rotação )

12. DISTRIBUIÇÃO ELETRÔNICA NOS ORBITAIS REGRA DE HUND Coloca-se um elétron em cada orbital, da esquerda para a direita e, quando todos os orbitais tiverem recebido o primeiro elétron é que colocamos o segundo elétron, com sentido oposto 3p 5 3d 8

13. Números Quânticos É o conjunto de 4 números que identificam um elétron de um átomo

14. Identifica o nível de energia do elétron nível do elétron nº quântico principal 1 L 2 M 3 N 4 O 5 P 6 Q 7 Número quântico principal ( n ) K

15. Identifica o subnível de energia do elétron subnível do elétron nº quântico secundário ( l ) Número quântico secundário ( l ) s p 1 d 2 f 3

16. Os 5 elétrons do subnível abaixo possuem: 3p 5 n = 3 Todos estão no 3º nível de energia (camada “M”) l = 1 Todos estão no subnível “p”

17. Identifica o orbital (orientação no espaço) do elétron varia de – l até + l Orbital “s” possui l = 0 Orbital “p” possui l = 1 Orbital “d” possui l = 2 Orbital “f” possui l = 3 – 1 + 1 – 2 – 1 + 1 + 2 – 3 – 2 – 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 Número quântico magnético ( m )

18. 1º elétron: s = – 1/2 2º elétron: s = + 1/2 Identifica o spin (rotação do elétron) pode ser – 1/2 ou + 1/2 Vamos adotar a seguinte convenção: Número quântico spin ( s )

19. Para o elemento ferro (Z = 26) a alternativa verdadeira que indica o conjunto de números quânticos do último elétron é: a) 4, 0, 0 e +1/2. b) 4, 0, 0 e – 1/2. c) 3, 2, – 2 e +1/2. d) 3, 2, – 2 e – 1/2. e) 4, 2, + 2 e + 1/2. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 6 n = 3 l = 2 m = – 2 s = + 1/2

20. Em um subnível de número quântico azimutal 2, o número quântico magnético pode assumir os seguintes valores: 0 e 1. 0, 1 e 2. apenas – 1, 0 , + 1. apenas 0, + 1 e + 2. – 2, – 1, 0 , + 1, + 2. orbital “s” possui l = 0 orbital “p” possui l = 1 orbital “d” possui l = 2 orbital “f” possui l = 3 – 2 – 1 + 1 + 2

21. Considere a configuração eletrônica a seguir do átomo de oxigênio no seu estado fundamental: 1s 2 2s 2 2p x 2 2p y 1 2p z 1 . Os números quânticos do último elétron da camada de valência desse átomo são: 1, 0, 0, – 1/2. 1, 1, +1, +1/2. 1, 0, 0, + 1/2. 2, 1, – 1, +1/2. 2, 1, +1, +1/2. 1s 2 2s 2 2p x 2 2p y 1 2p z 1 n = 2 l = 1 – 1 + 1 m = – 1 s = + 1/2

22. Identifica o nível de energia do elétron nível do elétron nº quântico principal 1 L 2 M 3 N 4 O 5 P 6 Q 7 Número quântico principal (n) K

23. Identifica o subnível de energia do elétron subnível do elétron nº quântico secundário ( l ) Número quântico secundário (l) s p 1 d 2 f 3

24. Identifica o nível de energia do elétron nível do elétron nº quântico principal 1 L 2 M 3 N 4 O 5 P 6 Q 7 Número quântico principal (n) K

25. You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here Table of contents New biochemistry vocabularies Biochemistry in bigger picture Extra steps into biochemistry Learning with molecular models 01 02 03 04

26. Identifica o nível de energia do elétron nível do elétron nº quântico principal Número quântico principal (n)

27. 01 You can enter a subtitle here if you need it New biochemistry vocabularies

28. This can be the part of the presentation where you introduce yourself, write your email… Whoa!

29. Do you know what helps you make your point clear? Lists like this one: They’re simple You can organize your ideas clearly You’ll never forget to buy milk! And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss the point of your presentation Learn the words slowly

30. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s a hot place and has a poisonous atmosphere Problems Solutions Problem and solution

31. It is a cold place full of iron oxide clouds Its volume is a little larger than our Moon It is the biggest planet in the Solar System Venus is the second planet from the Sun Work on the larger concepts first Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus

32. Some biochemistry facts Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Venus has a beautiful name, but it’s hot Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Jupiter is the biggest planet in the System Saturn is a gas giant and the only planet with rings Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Fact no.1 Fact no.2 Fact no.3 Fact no.4 Fact no.5 Fact no.6

33. 02 You can enter a subtitle here if you need it Biochemistry in bigger picture

34. It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun Mercury Mars Venus Start off with a review of chemistry

35. Learning biochemistry helps in biology understanding

36. — Someone Famous “This is a quote. Words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired”

37. A picture is worth a thousand words

38. A way to learn biochemistry, the fun way Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use an image instead of a long text. Your audience will appreciate it

39. 150,000 Big numbers catch your audience’s attention

40. 150,000 Venus has a very beautiful name 386,000 Despite being red, Mars is a cold place 333,000 Saturn is a gas giant with rings

41. Saturn is the planet and the only planet with rings Venus has a beautiful name but is very hot Saturn Venus 35% 75% Percentage comparisons

42. This is a map Saturn Saturn is the planet with a ring around it Venus Venus has a beautiful name but is very hot

43. Learning plan 02 03 04 01 Mars Despite being red, Mars is a very cold place full of iron Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and the only planet with rings Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it’s hot

44. Data visualization Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to Sun Venus It has a beautiful name, but it’s very hot Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here

45. How popular is biochemistry? 20/100 Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Neptune 80/100 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Mercury Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here

46. Molecular structures 75% Mars Despite being red, Mars is a very cold planet Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Its atmosphere composed mostly of hydrogen and helium

47. Here’s a table Molecule 1 Molecule 2 Molecule 3 Mercury 235 128 327 Mars 0.11 0.53 0.38 Saturn 12 32 11

48. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Mercury 60% Venus has a beautiful name but it’s very hot Venus Despite being red, Mars is a very cold place Mars 30% 80% More percentages

49. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous atmosphere 1,500 2,700 Mercury Venus Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. It was named after a Roman god 3,000 Saturn

50. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a little bit larger than our satellite, Moon Exercise

51. Question 1 Which molecules can break Disaccharidases enzymes? Fructose Sucrose Starch Your own answer A B C D

52. Question 2 How many glucose units are in starch? 1000-2000 A 2000-3000 B 3000 or more C

53. Question 3 Aerobic respiration is one of the example of oxygen dependent metabolism that breaks down organic compounds and produces ATP True False

54. Meet the team You can speak a bit about this person here You can speak a bit about this person here Anna Benny

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