Introduction Group-1-Campus-News-Wrting.pptx

Introduction Group-1-Campus-News-Wrting

1. CAMPUS NEWS WRITING Prepared by: Group 1

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES tr ace the different sources and process of news topics and events; 1 discuss the elements of news articles and principles of journalism articles; 2 identify the Inverted Pyramid as a structure in writing news articles; 3 appreciate tact, courtesy, truthfulness, and respect in writing a campus news article. 7 6 write a news article using ICT tools applying the principles, structure, and strategies shared; and, 5 recognize the lead, its function and its types as an important part of the news article; 4 recognize the different types of news according to area, topic, and heaviness;

3. CONTENTS: Sources and the Flight of Campus News 1 Inverted Pyramid Structure in News 1 Essentials of News 1 Principles of Journalism Applicable to News 1 The Lead 1 Writing the Actual News Article 1 Types of News 1 Elements of News 1 Sources and Citation in News Writing 1

4. Sources and the Flight of Campus News

5. Television Telecast their news on television through which other newspaper takes the source. Newspaper and Magazines These two also act as a good source of news. News paper on both level national and international provides the best information in details. Press Release Generally used for release of a particular news. It should be written in a journalistic style and provides facts and information of interest to readers and should cover all aspects of a specific subject. Sources and Flight of Campus Journalism Radio It is an audio medium used by many in today’s time

6. Handouts It is a paper containing a summary of information or topic which will be dealt within a lecture or talk. Press Statement These are usually given by known people, then he shares his statement with media and later his becomes press statement. Sources and Flight of Campus Journalism Press Notes Those devices of communication by which a government policy or a important announcement is issued for the information of the public

7. Essentials of News

8. Key Essentials Include: Timeliness Fairness Journalists should strive to be fair to all parties involved in a story. This includes giving individuals or organizations an opportunity to respond to accusations or criticisms. Clarity News writing should be clear, concise and easy to understand. This means using simple language, avoiding jargon, and structuring sentences for readability. Objectivity News reporting should be unbiased and present information fairly. This means avoiding opinions, speculation, or personal biases and presenting multiple perspectives when appropriate. Accuracy News reporting must be accurate and truthful. This involves verifying information from multiple sources and ensuring that facts are presented correctly. Completeness News stories should provide all essential information, including context, background, and potential implications. This helps readers understand the full scope of the story and its significance. Transparency News outlets should be transparent about their sources and methods. This helps build trust with readers and ensures accountability. Timeliness News stories should be published promptly? Especially for breaking news events. This allows readers to stay informed about current events and make infirmed decisions

9. Elements of News

10. These are factors that determine whether a story is newsworthy and likely to capture the public’s attention . Also known as "news values “ which give a story its value and increase the chances of media coverage.   Elements of News

11. Key Elements Include: Timeliness Human Interest These stories invoke emotion and empathy, resonating on a personal level and highlighting the triumphs and struggles of the human spirit. Proximity Events have a greater impact when they occur near the reader’s location or within their cultural context. Journalists are interested in things that impact their communities. Impact The magnitude of an event’s effect on the public defines its impact. The more people affected by a story, the greater the news interest. Timeliness News is about what’s happening now, and its freshness captures attention. Timeliness is the time of occurrence of an event and is the most important element of a news story. . Prominence Stories become more interesting when they involve people of note or public figures. Events and announcements that involve high-profile figures are more likely to generate media coverage. Conflict Conflict, such as political debates or social unrest, hooks readers with inherent drama and suspense, showcasing the struggle between opposing forces. Novelty The novelty or oddity of a situation can influence whether a news outlet covers a story.

12. Principles of Journalism Applicable to News

13. Th e Fi ve C ore P rinciples of J ournalism Journalists should always strive for accuracy, give all the relevant facts we have and ensure that they have been checked. Truth and Accuracy Most stories have at least two sides. Hence, it should be balanced and add context. Fairness and Impartiality Journalists must be independent voices; we should not act, formally or informally, on behalf of special interests whether political, corporate or cultural. Independence When journalists commit errors they must correct them and our expressions of regret must be sincere not cynical. Accountability Journalists should do no harm. Humanity

14. Types of News

15. Soft News It focuses on human-interest stories, entertainment, and lifestyle topics that are not time-sensitive or urgent. Investigative News It involves in-depth research and analysis to uncover hidden facts, corruption, or scandals, often requiring extensive time and resources. Feature News It presents a detailed and narrative-driven exploration of a subject, often providing background, context, and a human-interest angle. Editorials and Opinion It represent the official viewpoint of a media organization, while opinion news includes columns and op-eds that express personal perspectives on various issues. Types of News Hard News It refers to timely, serious, and factual reporting on events of high importance and public interest, such as politics, business, crime, and global affairs.

16. Sports News It covers sporting events, athlete performances, team developments, and industry-related topics such as sponsorships and management. Entertainment News It focuses on celebrities, movies, music, television, and pop culture, often including gossip, reviews, and industry updates. Science and Technology News It provides information on scientific discoveries, technological innovations, space exploration, medical advancements, and digital trends. Crime and Legal news It reports on criminal activities, law enforcement actions, court cases, and legal developments affecting society. Types of News Business News It reports on financial markets, economic trends, corporate affairs, and industry developments, providing insights into the world of commerce.

17. Inverted Pyramid Structure in News

18. It is a writing style that organizes information from most important to least important. News stories are stated in a decreasing order.   What is inverted pyramid structure in n ews ?

19. The Lead

20. What is lead? It is the first or the opening paragraph of news that is most crucial and stated in a concise and clear manner. It’s goal is to pique reader’s interest and draw them in.  

21. It is used when the place is unique and no prominent person is involved in the story. It is used when the person involved is more prominent than what he does and what had happen to him. It is used when the event or what took place is more important than the person involved in the story. It is rarely used as the reader presumes the story to be timely. However, this lead is useful when speaking of deadlines, holidays, and important dates. Summary Lead It is used in straight news, it answers right away all or any of the five w’s and h. It is used when the reason is more prominent or unique than what had happen. Who Lead What Lead Where Lead When Lead Why Lead How Lead It is used when the manner, mode, means or method of achieving the story is unnatural in way.

22. It describes two extremes or opposites for emphasis. The sharper the contrast, the more effective the lead will be. It is a short, forceful word or expression and it is rarely used. It uses interjection or an exclamatory sentence. It opens by quoting a common expression, verse, or epigram, at least familiar in the locality. Novelty Lead They are written to attract the attention or carry out a definite purpose to the reader. Punch Lead Astonisher Lead Contrast Lead Staccato Lead Epigram Lead This uses a series of short, punchy phrases or sentences to create a sense of urgency or drama.

23. It consists of speaker’s direct words which are very striking and which are usually quoted from speech, a public address or an interview. It consists of a parody of a well-known song, poem, or lines. It uses only a word to catch the reader’s attention. It is an answer to a question which is the basis of the news story. Novelty Lead They are written to attract the attention or carry out a definite purpose to the reader. It describes a person, a place, or an event at the same time, creating a mental picture of the matter in the mind of the reader. Parody Lead One word Lead Quotation Lead Question Lead Picture Lead

24. Sources and citation In News Writing

25. Importance of Sources and Citations Accuracy Attributing information to its source builds trust with readers, demonstrating that the news is based on reliable information. Properly citing sources prevents plagiarism, which is the unauthorized use of someone else's work. Citations allow readers to verify information and investigate further if needed. Credibility Avoiding Plagiarism

26. The name of the newspaper, magazine, or website. The name of the reporter or writer. The title of the news article. The date the article was published. Basic Citation Elements Generally, basic citation sources in news include: The web address for online articles. Author Article Title Publication Name Date URL

27. Here are examples of how to cite news sources in different styles: APA : (Smith, 2023) Chicago : Smith, John. "Article Title." Publication Name, 2023. MLA : Smith, John. "Article Title." Publication Name, 2023, URL.

28. Writing The Actual News Article

29. Step-by-step Guide to Write a News Article Step 1: Research and gather information The first step is thorough research. Use reliable primary sources and secondary sources—think official reports, expert opinions, and industry publications—to ensure your facts are accurate and trustworthy. When one or more interviews are needed, prepare your questions in advance, and record the interviews (with permission) for accurate quoting. Always fact-check and verify details to maintain credibility. Before you start writing your article, think about how to organize and structure the information you’ve gathered. Step 2: Write a strong lead ( lede ) The lead is all about writing a great summary to hook the reader and deliver the most crucial information. It should answer the “who, what, when, where, why, and how” in a way that grabs attention and sets up the rest of the story.

30. Step 3: Draft the article body and conclusion Use the inverted pyramid structure: start with the most important information and move to less critical details. Use subheadings or short paragraphs to stay organized. Adding transitions—such as “in addition,” “therefore,” and “meanwhile”—will help you to maintain a logical flow and allow the reader to follow along. Step 4: Include quotes and attribution Quotes add credibility and depth to your story. Select quotes that provide new insights, emotions, or perspectives and help reinforce your main points. Remember to attribute your quotes properly to maintain transparency and build trust with your audience. Make sure the source is clear, and use their exact words to avoid misrepresentation. Step 5: Revise and edit Finally, polish your article for clarity, conciseness, and objectivity. Here’s how you can revise your rough draft so it’s ready for publishing: Read your work aloud to catch any awkward phrasing or typos. Trim any unnecessary details or filler words to keep your story sharp and focused. Make sure your facts are accurate and your tone is neutral. For news articles, stick to third-person point of view to maintain objectivity.

31. FEATURE AND SCIENCE WRITING Prepared by: Group 1

32. LEARNING OBJECTIVES define feature and science writing; 1 discuss the principles of journalism which should be present in feature articles; 2 re cognize the different types of feature articles; 3 5 appreciate accuracy, creativity, and integrity in writing a campus feature/science article. 4 write a feature/science article using ICT tools and applying the principles, structure, and strategies shared; and

33. CONTENTS: Elements of Feature and Science Writing 1 Interviewing for Feature 1 Principles of Journalism Applicable to Feature 1 Types of Features 1 Writing the actual feature Article 1 Structure of The Feature Article 1

34. Elements of feature and Science Writing

35. What is feature and science writing? Feature writing and science writing share similarities but serve distinct purposes. Feature writing focuses on storytelling, human interest, and engaging narratives, while science writing conveys scientific concepts in an accessible manner.

36. Feature articles focus on people, emotions, and real-life experiences, making the content relatable and engaging. Unlike straight news, feature writing often adopts a storytelling approach, incorporating vivid descriptions and personal perspectives. The opening of a feature article should capture the reader’s attention immediately. It can be an anecdote, a thought-provoking question, or a compelling statement. Writers use rich, sensory details to paint a picture in the reader’s mind, making the article more immersive. Elements of Feature Writing Narrative Style Engaging Lead Human Interest Descriptive Language

37. The writer’s personality and style often shine through, whether the tone is humorous, serious, or reflective. Unlike the inverted pyramid of news writing, feature stories can be structured in different ways, such as chronological order, thematic sections, or problem-solution formats. Feature writing incorporates direct quotes and personal stories to add credibility and depth to the narrative. Elements of Feature Writing Strong voice and Tone Varied Structure Conclusion with Impact Use of Quotes and Anecdotes A feature story does not simply end; it leaves the reader with a lasting impression, a call to action, or a thought-provoking statement.

38. Complex scientific concepts should be explained in a way that a general audience can understand, avoiding excessive jargon. Science writing must present facts correctly, ensuring that data, sources, and interpretations are reliable and unbiased. While factual, science writing still needs an engaging introduction to draw readers in, often through an interesting fact, question, or scenario. Elements of Science Writing Clarity and Simplicity Accuracy and Objectivity Logical Structure Engaging Hook Science writing follows a clear flow, often structured as an introduction, background information, findings, and implications.

39. Science writing relies on peer-reviewed research, expert opinions, and verified data to support claims. To make abstract or technical topics more relatable, writers use comparisons to everyday experiences. Charts, graphs, and infographics help explain complex information in an easily digestible format. Elements of Science Writing Credible Sources and References Use of Analogies and Metaphors Relevance and Real-World Presentation Visual aids and Data Presentation Effective science writing connects findings to their impact on society, everyday life, or future innovations.

40. Principles of Journalism Applicable to News

41. Th e Fi ve C ore P rinciples of J ournalism Journalists should always strive for accuracy, give all the relevant facts we have and ensure that they have been checked. Truth and Accuracy Most stories have at least two sides. Hence, it should be balanced and add context. Fairness and Impartiality Journalists must be independent voices; we should not act, formally or informally, on behalf of special interests whether political, corporate or cultural. Independence When journalists commit errors they must correct them and our expressions of regret must be sincere not cynical. Accountability Journalists should do no harm. Humanity

42. Structure of The Feature Article

43. What is lead? It is the first or the opening paragraph of news that is most crucial and stated in a concise and clear manner. It’s goal is to pique reader’s interest and draw them in.  

44. What are the structures of feature article? A feature article typically follows a structured format that balances informative content with engaging storytelling. Here’s a common structure: Headline Secondary Headline Lead Body Close Additional Components  Quotation  Pull- Qoute Sidebar Image Caption  

45. Headline A headline in a feature article is a concise and attention-grabbing title that captures the essence or main idea of the article. It is designed to quickly engage readers and give them a glimpse into what they can expect from the article. Your headline comes at the top of your feature article. Here are some tips to write a good headline: Keep it short and snappy Use strong active language  Be specific Get creative with wordplay or puns Use numbers that impress How to Write a Good Headline?

46. Secondary Headline A secondary headline is a brief and catchy phrase that appears below the main headline of a news article, designed to provide additional context or highlight an important point. It's like a subtitle – or key idea within the article – that can help grab your attention and understand the main message even faster. Your secondary headline should be separated from your headline at the top. Here are some tips to write a good secondary headline: Keep using strong vocabulary  Complement the main headline  Be clear and informative The secondary headline can be slightly longer than the headline as you are focusing the attention of your reader on a specific aspect you are about to explore. How to Write a Good Secondary Headline?

47. Lead A lead is the opening sentence or paragraph of a feature article, you can call it the introduction, that aims to keep the reader's attention and summarize the main idea or theme of the story in a concise and engaging manner. It includes the angle and controlling idea of your article. Answers the who, what, when, where, why, and how briefly.

48. It is crucial to maintain your readers' attention by incorporating a clear angle and a well-defined controlling idea. Your have multiple ways to keep your readers’ attention: Humour Anecdotes Description  Facts and/or statistics  The angle is given on the day of the exam. Take the time to understand the angle clearly. However, keep in mind that you have to rephrase the angle, not copy-paste it to your text. The controlling idea , also known as the main point or central theme of a feature article, is crucial in the lead because it guides the direction of the entire piece, determines the focus and scope of the article, and helps captivate the reader's interest from the beginning. How to Write a Good Lead ?

49. Body The body of a feature article is the main section of the article that contains the in-depth exploration and development of the story. You are the one who determines the way your article is structured. The information found in the feature can be organized in many ways. Here are some examples: Cause and Effect Problem-solution General to specific  Chronologically Logically  The body of a feature article should/can be written in many paragraphs, their length isn’t that important as long as you explore your idea correctly. Make sure to organize your text with the appropriate transition words.   How to Write a Good Body ?

50. Close The close in a feature article refers to the ending of the article. It is the final paragraph or section where the writer wraps up the main points, reiterates the key ideas, and leaves the reader with a strong lasting impression. Here are some tips to write an effective close: Recapitulate your main points Leave a lasting impression  Provide a call to action or a future outlook How to Write a Good Close ?

51. Additional Components Quotation Pull-Quote Sidebar Image with Caption It is a direct or indirect expression of someone's words, thoughts, or opinions, typically cited or referenced for accuracy and credibility. It serves as evidence or support in journalism, literature, or academic writing, providing insight or capturing the essence of a person's statement or ideas. It is a brief passage or quotation taken from the text that is highlighted and visually emphasized within the content to grab the reader's attention. It is typically displayed in a larger font size, placed in quotation marks, and sometimes accompanied by decorative elements or a distinctive layout.  It is a supplementary piece of content or information that accompanies and complements the main article or text in a publication. It is usually located adjacent to the main text, often presented in a separate column or box, and offers additional context, related facts, anecdotes, or images that expand on the main topic or provide alternative perspectives.  An image with caption refers to a visual element, typically a photograph or illustration, accompanied by a brief description or explanation located near or beneath it. The caption provides essential information about the image, such as identifying individuals, locations, or events captured in the picture, or offering additional context or insight related to the article's content.

52. Types of Feature s

53. This type of news focuses on human interest stories, entertainment, and lifestyle topics. It often aims to engage and entertain readers rather than just inform. These are the straightforward, factual reports of current events. They cover important happenings in politics, crime, disasters, and other significant areas. This involves in-depth reporting that uncovers hidden truths or wrongdoing, often requiring extensive research and time. News Content Soft News Hard News Investigative Journalism

54. These features delve into the lives and personalities of interesting individuals, whether they are celebrities, local heroes, or everyday people with compelling stories. These stories focus on people and their experiences, often evoking emotions like sympathy, inspiration, or amusement. These articles aim to educate readers on a particular topic, providing background information, historical context, or practical advice. Feature Stories Profiles Human Interest Informational Features

55. These offer daily or weekly predictions based on astrological signs. These are comic strips or panels that provide humor and entertainment. Many newspapers include crosswords, Sudoku, and other puzzles to engage readers. These feature advice from experts on relationships, personal problems, and other issues. Entertainment and Lifestyle These sections cover topics like fashion, food, travel, and home decor. Comics Puzzles and Games Horoscopes Advice Columns Lifestyle Sections

56. While not strictly editorial content, advertisements are a crucial part of the newspaper, providing revenue and information about products and services. These are small advertisements placed by individuals or businesses, often for jobs, housing, or items for sale. Other Features Advertisements Classified Ads

57. Interviewing for Feature

58. 1. Preparation is the Key

59. Understand the Feature: What's the angle? What's the main point or story you're trying to tell? This will guide your questions. What's the tone? Is it serious, lighthearted, investigative, etc.? Who's your audience? What do they need to know about this topic and this person? Research : The topic: Become an expert! The more you know, the better questions you can ask. The interviewee: Understand their background, their work, their motivations. Look for previous interviews or articles they've been featured in.

60. Develop Questions: Open-ended questions: These encourage the interviewee to talk and provide richer answers. (e.g., "Tell me about your experience with...", "What inspired you to...") Specific questions: These help you get the facts and details you need. (e.g., "What were the challenges you faced?", "What are your plans for the future?") Follow-up questions: Be prepared to dig deeper! If an answer is interesting, ask for more details. (e.g., "You mentioned X, can you tell me more about that?") Prioritize : Don't try to ask everything. Focus on the most important questions for your feature. Plan the Flow: Start strong: Begin with easy, engaging questions to build rapport. Logical progression: Group questions by topic or theme. Save the best for last : End with a strong question that leaves a lasting impression.

61. 2. Conducting the Interview

62. Build Rapport: Be friendly and approachable. Introduce yourself and explain the purpose of the interview. Show genuine interest in what the interviewee has to say. Make eye contact, nod, and show that you're engaged. Ask Effective Questions: Be clear and concise. Avoid jargon or complicated language. Ask one question at a time. Don't bombard the interviewee with multiple questions at once. Be flexible. If the conversation goes in an unexpected direction, be prepared to follow it.

63. 3. After the Interview

64. Review your notes and recordings. Identify the key points and quotes. Transcribe the interview. This will make it easier to write the feature. Organize your information. Group your notes and quotes by theme or topic. Write the feature! Use your interview material to tell a compelling story.

65. Writing The Actual News Article

66. Here are the steps you may go through when writing and planning your feature article. Decide what topic you’re writing about and form an opinion on it. Persuasive texts are about convincing your reader to see an issue/subject from your point of view, so the first step is identifying what this is. Think about who your target audience is. Once you’ve identified your ideal demographic, this can help shape the tone of your writing and the way you approach your article. Research the facts. Collect interesting data, statistics and information that helps to support your opinion. These will help make your article informative and convincing by making it more credible. Plan your article. Using a feature article template can help with this. Map out some of the key points you want to make and order them, so they will build your argument as your audience reads.

67. Write your article. The best of way to start your article is with something catchy and interesting. Anecdotes are great for this and a natural way for you to use your own experience to bring a reader into your article. Expand on each of your points. These will form the body of your feature article. After you’ve hooked the reader with your introduction, you can get into the nitty-gritty. Use persuasive language features such as emotive language, statistics, rhetorical questions, facts, quotes, direct address and inclusive pronouns to engage your audience and make your argument relatable to them. Conclude by reiterating your opinion. Don't bring up anything new in the conclusion, but summarize what your argument is. Try and leave readers with something to think about, like a question, or remind them of why your perspective is so important.

68. PERSUASIVE TEXTS INTERPRETIVE TEXTS PURPOSE GET THE READER TO AGREE WITH YOUR OPINION. GET THE READER TO RECOGNIZE YOUR SIDE OF THE ARGUMENT IS VALID OR WORTHY OF CONSIDERATION. STARTING POINT IDENTIFY YOUR TOPIC AND CHOOSE YOUR SIDE. IDENTIFY YOUR TOPIC AND CONSIDER MULTIPLE SIDES TO THE ISSUE - YOU MAY CONSIDER WHICH SIDE YOU SUPPORT TECHNIQUES EMOTION-BASED TECHNIQUES THAT APPEAL TO PATHOS E.G. RHETORICAL QUESTION, DIRECT ADDRESS, EMOTIVE LANGUAGE IGNORES COUNTER ARGUMENTS COMPLETELY AND ONLY PRESENTS ONE SIDE - THE WRITER'S SIDE PRESENTS ONLY IDEAS THAT HELP REINFORCE THE WRITER'S PERSPECTIVE USES EVIDENCE TO CONVINCE THE READER THAT THE WRITER IS "RIGHT" LOGIC-BASED TECHNIQUES THAT APPEAL TO LOGOS E.G. FACTS AND STATISTICS, EXPERT OPINION OR APPEAL TO AUTHORITY ACKNOWLEDGES OPPOSING CLAIMS TO PRESENT A BALANCED ARGUMENT PRESENTS MULTIPLE SIDES BUT CAN SUBTLY SWAY THE READER TOWARDS THE WRITER'S SIDE MAY COMPARE IDEAS TO ESTABLISH A POSITION USES EVIDENCE TO SHOW THE WRITER MAKES VALID POINTS TONE EMOTIONALLY CHARGED, ASSERTIVE OR EVEN AGGRESSIVE. CALMER, REASONED, EDUCATED, INFORMATIVE FURTHER DIFFERENCES

69. CONTEXT, PURPOSE & AUDIENCE CONTEXT, PURPOSE AND AUDIENCE ARE UPPER SCHOOL SYLLABUS CONCEPTS. IT IS CRUCIAL TO UNDERSTAND THESE TERMS IF WE ARE TO ANALYSE HOW FEATURE ARTICLES ARE SHAPED OR CONSTRUCTED AND IF WE ARE TO WRITE OUR OWN FEATURE ARTICLES. THE FOLLOWING SLIDES WILL OUTLINE THESE TERMS.

70. AUTHORIAL CONTEXT CONTEXT CONTEXT REFERS TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH A TEXT IS CREATED AND RESPONDED TO. WHEN ANALYSING OR CREATING A FEATURE ARTICLE WE MIGHT CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING: 1 2 3 WHERE AND WHEN IS THE TEXT PUBLISHED (I.E. THE PUBLICATION) HOW DOES THE TEXT REFLECT THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL, CULTURAL OR POLITICAL PERIOD IN WHICH IT WAS WRITTEN? HOW HAVE CERTAIN EVENTS OR ISSUES INFLUENCED THE TEXT? WHO IS THE WRITER? WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THEIR BACKGROUND, THEIR LIFE, THEIR STYLE AND OTHER WORK ETC. HOW DO THESE INFLUENCE THE TEXT? SITUATIONAL CONTEXT HISTORICAL CONTEXT

71. PURPOSE REFERS TO THE REASON FOR WHICH A TEXT IS CREATED. A TEXT MIGHT BE CONSTRUCTED TO ACHIEVE ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING PURPOSES: PURPOSE PERSUADE ADVISE INFORM COMMENT ANALYSE SATIRISE PROTEST PARODY REFLECT IMAGINE ENTERTAIN

72. AUDIENCE REFERS TO THE GROUP OF READERS THAT THE WRITER IS ADDRESSING. IN OTHER WORDS, A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH SHARED CHARACTERISTICS WHO ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE READERS OF A CERTAIN PUBLICATION OR PEOPLE INTERESTED IN A CERTAIN ISSUE. WHEN IDENTIFYING AUDIENCE OR CONSTRUCTING A TEXT FOR A PARTICULAR AUDIENCE, CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING: AUDIENCE GENDER - MALE, FEMALE, ALL GENDERS AGE GROUP - 0-15 16-25 26-45 46-60 60+ RELATIONSHIPS - SINGLE, COUPLE, MARRIED INCOME LEVEL - LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH HOBBIES - GARDENING, PLAYING BASKETBALL, CRAFT GEOGRAPHY - TOWN, CITY, COUNTRY, CLIMATE EMPLOYMENT - BUSINESSMAN, TRADESMAN, NURSE WANTS AND NEEDS - BE HEALTHY, HAPPY, LOVED, SUCCESSFUL

73. LANGUAGE FEATURES & EVIDENCE

74. PERSUASIVE LANGUAGE FEATURES INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE RHETORICAL QUESTION JARGON DIRECT ADDRESS AN EFFECTIVE FEATURE ARTICLE WILL INCLUDE PERSUASIVE LANGUAGE FEATURES TO ENGAGE THE AUDIENCE AND POSITION THEM TO VIEW THE SUBJECT IN A CERTAIN WAY. SOME COMMON TECHNIQUES ARE AS FOLLOWS: SPEAKING DIRECTLY TO AN AUDIENCE USING PRONOUNS SUCH AS ‘YOU’, ‘YOUR’ AND ‘YOURSELF’. E.G. YOU WOULDN'T WANT YOUR CHILDREN TO EXPERIENCE SCHOOLYARD BULLYING EITHER. USING FIRST PERSON PLURAL WORDS LIKE ‘WE’, ‘US’ AND ‘OUR’ TO CREATE A SENSE OF UNITY BETWEEN AUTHOR AND AUDIENCE. E.G. WE NEED TO ACT NOW IF WE WANT TO PRESERVE THE EARTH FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS. ASKING QUESTIONS THAT IMPLY THEIR OWN LOGICAL ANSWER TO FORCE THE AUDIENCE TO MAKE A DECISION OR THINK ABOUT AN ISSUE. E.G. CAN WE REALLY AFFORD TO IGNORE THIS PROBLEM? USING SUBJECT–SPECIFIC LANGUAGE THAT MAKES THE AUTHOR APPEAR AS AN EXPERT IN THEIR FIELD. E.G. THE DEFENDANT HAS PLEADED GUILTY TO THREE COUNTS OF AGGRAVATED ASSAULT (LEGAL JARGON).

75. PERSUASIVE LANGUAGE FEATURES TRICOLON FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE EMOTIVE LANGUAGE REPETITION AN EFFECTIVE FEATURE ARTICLE WILL INCLUDE PERSUASIVE LANGUAGE FEATURES TO ENGAGE THE AUDIENCE AND POSITION THEM TO VIEW THE SUBJECT IN A CERTAIN WAY. SOME COMMON TECHNIQUES ARE AS FOLLOWS: REPETITIVE USE OF PARTICULAR WORDS OR PHRASES TO CREATE EMPHASIS OR DRAW ATTENTION. E.G. WE'RE SORRY FOR BEING MESSY, WE'RE SORRY FOR BEING MOODY AND WE'RE SORRY FOR BEING LAZY. A THREE-PART SENTENCE THAT IS EFFECTIVE BECAUSE THE HUMAN BRAIN MORE READILY PROCESSES IDEAS IN GROUPS OF THREE. E.G. THE CULLING OF KANGAROOS IS CRUEL, WASTEFUL AND A DISGRACE TO OUR NATION. USING WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS WITH A MEANING THAT IS DIFFERENT FROM THE LITERAL INTERPRETATION TO CREATE IMAGERY OR ILLUSTRATE AN IDEA. E.G. HE GLIDED THROUGH THE WATER LIKE A DOLPHIN TO WIN GOLD. USING WORDS WITH STRONG EMOTIONAL CONNOTATIONS TO ENCOURAGE A PARTICULAR RESPONSE FROM THE READER. E.G. SOME POOR LITTLE PUPPIES ARE BEATEN, NEGLECTED AND STARVED.

76. NOW YOU HAVE THE TOOLS TO DO THE FOLLOWING: YOUR TURN LOOK AT A RANGE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FEATURE ARTICLES AND ASSESS THEIR STYLE, STRUCTURE, LANGUAGE AND OVERALL EFFECTIVENESS IN ACHIEVING THEIR PURPOSE AND ENGAGING THEIR AUDIENCE. CREATE YOUR OWN INTERPRETIVE FEATURE ARTICLE ON A TOPIC OF YOUR CHOICE THAT REFLECTS A CLEAR SENSE OF CONTEXT, PURPOSE AND AUDIENCE. GOOD LUCK! 1 2

77. ELEMENTS USED:

78. ELEMENTS USED: