Introduction of 8086 Microprocessor.pptx

Introduction of 8086 Microprocessor

1. Course :- Microprocessor Introduction of 8086 Microprocessor Topic:- Coprocessor Prepared By Mr K A Kupade Assist Prof ETC Dept. SITCOE, Yadrav.

2. Coprocessor Introduction A coprocessor is a special set of  circuit  s in a microprocessor  chip  that is designed to manipulate numbers or perform some other specialized function more quickly than the basic microprocessor circuits could perform the same task. A coprocessor offloads specialized processing operations, thereby reducing the burden on the basic microprocessor circuitry and allowing it to work at optimum speed. In the early years of personal computing, the coprocessor was physically separate from the main microprocessor. Starting with the Intel  Pentium  and Motorola 68000 series, the coprocessor, also known as a math coprocessor, numeric coprocessor, or  floating-point  unit (  FPU  ), became a physical part of the microprocessor chip.

3. Coprocessor Introduction Some coprocessors are still available as separate chips or circuit cards. These are designed for specific applications such as high-end graphics,  broadband   signal processing  , and  encryption  /  decryption  . Coprocessors of this type make it possible to customize the various models in a line of personal or business computers. Currently CPUs have been designed to absorb functionalities of popular coprocessors. But there are still coprocessors that are separately available, allowing customization for personal or business use. The graphics processing unit (GPU) is the most common example of this; it is designed solely for graphics processing so that the CPU does not have to do any of it.

4. Coprocessor A co-processor may be designed to work just with a particular type of CPU, in which case its instructions can be included in the main program and are passed on to the co-processor by the CPU as it encounters them. In other cases, the co-processor may require its own separate program and program  memory , and communicates with the CPU by interrupts or message passing via a shared  memory  region.

5. Coprocessor Coprocessor and Multiprocessor configuration Coprocessors and Closely coupled configurations are similar in that both the 8086 and the external processor shares the: - Memory - I/O system - Bus & bus control logic - Clock generator

6. Coprocessor Coprocessor / Closely Coupled Configuration

7. Coprocessor TEST pin of 8086 Used in conjunction with the WAIT instruction in multiprocessing environments. This is input from the 8087 coprocessor. During execution of a wait instruction, the CPU checks this signal. If it is low, execution of the signal will continue; if not, it will stop executing.

8. Coprocessor Coprocessor Execution Example Coprocessor cannot take control of the bus, it does everything through the CPU

9. Coprocessor Advantages of Multiprocessor Configuration High system throughput can be achieved by having more than one CPU. The system can be expanded in modular form. Each bus master module is an independent unit and normally resides on a separate PC board. One can be added or removed without affecting the others in the system. A failure in one module normally does not affect the breakdown of the entire system and the faulty module can be easily detected and replaced Each bus master has its own local bus to access dedicated memory or IO devices. So a greater degree of parallel processing can be achieved.

10. Coprocessor Overview Each processor in the 80x86 family has a corresponding coprocessor with which it is compatible Math Coprocessor is known as NPX,NDP,FUP. Numeric processor extension (NPX), Numeric data processor (NDP), Floating point unit (FUP).

11. Coprocessor Compatible Processor and Coprocessor Processors 1 . 8086 & 8088 2 . 80286 3 . 80386DX 4 . 80386SX 5 . 80486DX 6 . 80486SX Coprocessor s 1 . 8087 2. 80287,80287XL 3. 80287,80387DX 4. 80387SX It is Inbuilt 5 . 80487SX

12. Coprocessor

13. Coprocessor

14. Coprocessor Architecture of 8087 Control Unit Execution Unit Control unit: To synchronize the operation of the coprocessor and the processor. This unit has a Control word and Status word and Data Buffer If instruction is an ESC ape (coprocessor) instruction, the coprocessor executes it, if not the microprocessor executes. Control Unit

15. Coprocessor This performs all operations that access and manipulate the numeric data in the coprocessor’s registers. Numeric registers in NUE are 80 bits wide. NUE is able to perform arithmetic, logical and transcendental operations as well as supply a small number of mathematical constants from its on-chip ROM. Numeric data is routed into two parts ways a 64 bit bus and a 16 bit sign/exponent bus. Numeric Execution Unit

16. Coprocessor Circuit Connection for 8086 – 8087

17. Coprocessor Interfacing

18. Coprocessor Interfacing

19. Thank You