Introduction of Iot and Logical and Physical design of iot

Iot introduction

1. Uni t -1 Overview of IOT Applications Challenges of IOT Design of IOT Enabling Technologies IOT levels Delivered By Anamika Choudhary Associate Professor, CSE JIET UNIVERSE

2. Lecture-1,2

3. Vision of IoT May have intends to detect physical wonders (e.g., temperature, light, electromagnetic radiation level) or to trigger activities affecting the physical reality (actuators). Possess a one of a kind identifier. Have a physical epitome and an arrangement of related physical components (e.g., measure, shape, and so forth.). Have an insignificant arrangement of correspondence functionalities, for example, the capacity to be found and to acknowledge approaching messages and answer to them. Are related to no less than one name and one address. The name is an intelligible portrayal of the question and can be utilized for thinking purposes. The address is a machine-meaningful string that can be utilized to convey to the question. Possess some fundamental registering abilities. This can go from the capacity to coordinate an approaching message to a given impression (as in uninvolved RFIDs) to the capacity of performing rather complex calculations, including administration disclosure and system administration assignments.

4. Introduction to IoT “Internet” is to provide a connection between computers worldwide. “Things” is referring to devices that are capable of communicating data electronically over an Internet connection So what is the Internet of Things? For now you can think of IoT as a system that uses the infrastructure of the Internet to establish a connection to and between our electronic devices.

5. Introduction to IoT What Microsoft say about the Internet of Things: "The Internet of Things (IoT) is not a futuristic trend; it’s the first step toward becoming a truly digital business and it starts with your things your line-of-business assets and the data they produce, your cloud services, and your business intelligence tools. That’s the Internet of Your Things, With an IoT strategy in place you can make your business thrive."

6. Internet of Things( IoT )  is a network of physical objects or people called "things" that are embedded with software, electronics, network, and sensors that allows these objects to collect and exchange data. The goal of IoT is to extend to internet connectivity from standard devices like computer, mobile, tablet to relatively dumb devices like a toaster. What is Internet Of Things( IoT )?

7. T h ings I n ternet

8. Practice Questions ??? Explain data What is an Information What is the outcome of DSA subject ?

9. What is IoT? Inferring information and knowledge from data

10. Components Of IOT Here, are four fundamental components of an IoT system: Sensors Network connectivity Data storage applications. User interface

11. IoT terms and basic Definitions IoT : The internet of things, or IoT , is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT device : A standalone entity connected to a web which can be identified and monitored from a remote area.

12. IoT terms and basic Definitions IoT ecosystem: It’s a collective system of components that empower organizations, governance with the governments, and peer customers to associate with their useful IoT gadgets with additional components such a remotes, dashboards, systems, entryways, investigation, information stockpiling, and security. Physical layer: It’s a layer which constitutes an IoT device/gadget which includes automating sensors and an administrative unit of systems. Network layer: It’s a layer Responsible for the communication via transmitting the information gathered by the physical layer to route across various devices.

13. IoT terms and basic Definitions Application layer: It’s a layer which incorporates the set of protocols and the catalytic interfaces that devices use in order to recognize and speak often with each other . Remotes: Empower substances which use IoT devices in order to associate with device components and control them with advent use of a dashboard, for example, a versatile application which can incorporate cell phones, tablets, PCs, shrewd watches, associated Televisions . Dashboard: It Displays data about the IoT biological community to peer clients which empowers clients control their integrated components in IoT environment, which is their by termed as large housed data on a remote .

14. IoT terms and basic Definitions Analytics : It’s a Software framework which examines the information produced by IoT devices. The information obtained from IoT devices can be utilized for an assortment of situations . Data storage: Where information from IoT gadgets is put away . Networks: The web correspondence layer that empowers the substance to speak with their gadget, and now and then empowers gadgets to speak with each other.

15. History of IOT 1970- The actual idea of connected devices was proposed 1982: coke vending machine designed by students of Carnegie Mellon University 1990- John Romkey created a toaster which could be turned on/off over the Internet 1995- Siemens introduced the first cellular module built for M2M 1999- The term "Internet of Things" was used by Kevin Ashton during his work at P&G which became widely accepted 2004 - The term was mentioned in famous publications like the Guardian, Boston Globe, and Scientific American 2005-UN's International Telecommunications Union (ITU) published its first report on this topic. 2008- The Internet of Things was born 2011- Gartner, the market research company, include "The Internet of Things" technology in their research

16. . History of IoT 16

17. Where is IoT? WHERE IS IOT ???

18. Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT “Change is the only thing permanent in this world” 18

19. Characteristics of IoT IoT I nt e lli g e n ce Connectivity Dynamic Nature Vast scale Sensing Heterogeneity Security Intelligence connectivity IOT

20. 20 At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as: Scalability Technological Standardization Inter operability Discovery Software complexity Data volumes and interpretation Power Supply Interaction and short range communication Wireless communication Fault tolerance TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF IoT

21. Challenges of IoT Insufficient testing and updating Concern regarding data security and privacy Software complexity Data volumes and interpretation Integration with AI and automation Devices require a constant power supply which is difficult Interaction and short-range communication

22. Q1. What are the main parts of IoT systems? Q.2 Who is the father of IOT Q.3 What do you meant by Internet ? Q.4 Which technology do you think will make IoT a game changer in the future? Q.5 What will be the expected count of connected devices in year 2020 Q. 6 Explain why energy consumption will be an issue when the Internet of Things is implemented? Q. 7 Which is the first IOT device ? Quiz Time ??

23. Summary The Internet of Things ( IoT ) is a network of physical objects or people called "things" that are embedded with software, electronics, network, and sensors which allows these objects to collect and exchange data. The actual idea of connected devices was proposed in 1970 Four Key components of IoT framework are 1) Sensors/Devices, 2) Connectivity, 3) Data Processing, 4) User Interface Security, Privacy, Complexity, Compliance, are key challenges of IoT Must watch the video using below link https ://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlhmzVL5bm8

24. Lecture -3 Why Internet of Things 1 Applications of Internet of Things 2

25. Starting from theInternet Internet appears everywhere in the world but it is still a connection between people and people

26. What is the Internet of Things? Internet connects all people, so it is called “the Internet of People ” IoT connects all things, so it is called “the Internet of Things”

27. What’sthe Internet of Things Definition The term "Internet of Things" has come to describe a number of technologies and research disciplines that enable the Internet to reach out into the real world of physical objects. ------IoT 2008 “Things having identities and virtual personalities operating in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts”. -------IoT in 2020

28. What’sthe Internet of Things From any time ,any place connectivity for anyone, we will now have connectivity for anything!

29. Why Internet ofThings Dynamic control of industry and daily life Improve the resource utilization ratio Better relationship between human and nature Forming an intellectual entity by integrating human society and physical systems

30. Why Internet of Things(ii) Flexible configuration, P&P… Universal transport & internetworking Accessibility & Usability? Acts as technologies integrator

31. Applications of IoT

32. Marketplace of IoT Convergence of consumer, business and industrial internet

33. The Application ofIoT(1) N e t w o r k Biosensor taken by people Equipment in public place H o u s e Regional Office Virtual Environment Transportation Vehicle

34. The Application ofIoT(2) Scenario: shopping (2) When shopping in the market, the goods will introduce themselves. (1) When entering the doors, scanners will identify the tags on her clothing. (4) When paying for the goods, the microchip of the credit card will communicate with checkout reade r. (3) When moving the goods, the reader will tell the staff to put a new one.

35. The Application ofIoT(3) Scenario: Health Care Various sensors for various conditions Example ICP sensor: Short or long term monitoring of pressure in the brain cavity Implanted in the brain cavity and senses the increase of pressure Sensor and associated electronics encapsulated in safe and biodegradable material External RF reader powers the unit and receives the signal Stability over 30 days so far

36. The Application ofIoT(3) Scenario: Health Care National Health Information Network, Electronic Patient Record Home care: monitoring and control Pulse oximeters, blood glucose monitors, infusion pumps, accelerometers, … Operating Room of the Future Closed loop monitoring and control; multiple treatment stations, plug and play devices; robotic microsurgery System coordination challenge Progress in bioinformatics: gene, protein expression, systems biology, disease dynamics, control mechanisms

37. The Application ofIoT(4) Scenario: Intelligent Home Remote monitor for smart house Remote control for smart appliance

38. The Application ofIoT(5) Scenario: Transportation A network of sensors set up throughout a vehicle can interact with its surroundings to provide valuable feedback on local roads, weather and traffic conditions to the car driver, enabling adaptive drive systems to respond accordingly This may involve automatic activation of braking systems or speed control via fuel management systems. Condition and event detection sensors can activate systems to maintain driver and passenger comfort and safety through the use of airbags and seatbelt pre-tensioning Sensors for fatigue and mood monitoring based on driving conditions, driver behaviour and facial indicators can interact to ensure safe driving by activating warning systems or directly controlling the vehicle

39. The Application ofIoT(5) Scenario: Transportation In 2005, 30 – 90 processors per car Engine control, Break system, Airbag deployment system Windshield wiper, Door locks, Entertainment system Cars are sensors and actuators in V2V networks Active networked safety alerts Autonomous navigation Future Transportation Systems Incorporate both single person and mass transportation vehicles, air and ground transportations. Achieve efficiency, safety, stability using real-time control and optimization .

40. Scenario : Monitoringthe Environment The Application ofIoT(6)

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43. Sensors in even the holy cow! In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected and monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle. This allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of milk. On average, each cow generates about 200 MB of information peryear. 19

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45. Lecture- 4 IOT Life Cycle Design of IOT 1 2 Physical Design of IoT: Things in IoT 3 4 Physical Design of IoT: IoT Protocols

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51. D e s ign o f IO T

52. Physical Design Of IOT Things in IOT IOT Protocols

53. IOT Protocols Layer

54. IoT Protocols: 1) Link Layer : Protocols determine how data is physically sent over the network‘s physical layer or medium. Local network connect to which host is attached. Hosts on the same link exchange data packets over the link layer using link layer protocols. Link layer determines how packets are coded and signaled by the h/w device over the medium to which the host is attached. 802.3-Ethernet : 802.11-WiFi: 802.16 - WiMax: 802.15.4-LR-WPAN: 2G/3G/4G- Mobile Communication:

55. Protocols: 802.3-Ethernet : IEEE802.3 is collection of wired Ethernet standards for the link layer. Eg: 802.3 uses co-axial cable; 802.3i uses copper twisted pair connection; 802.3j uses fiber optic connection; 802.3ae uses Ethernet overfiber. 802.11-WiFi: IEEE802.11 is a collection of wireless LAN(WLAN) communication standards including extensive description of link layer. Eg: 802.11a operates in 5GHz band, 802.11b and 802.11g operates in 2.4GHz band, 802.11n operates in 2.4/5GHz band, 802.11ac operates in 5GHz band, 802.11ad operates in 60Ghzband. 802.16 - WiMax: IEEE802.16 is a collection of wireless broadband standards including exclusive description of link layer. WiMax provide data rates from 1.5 Mb/s to 1Gb/s. 802.15.4-LR-WPAN: IEEE802.15.4 is a collection of standards for low rate wireless personal area network(LR-WPAN). Basis for high level communication protocols such as ZigBee. Provides data rate from 40kb/s to250kb/s. 2G/3G/4G- Mobile Communication: Data rates from 9.6kb/s(2G) to up to100Mb/s(4G).

56. 2) Network/Internet Layer: Responsible for sending IP datagrams from source n/w to destination n/w. Performs the host addressing and packet routing. Datagrams contains source and destinationaddress. Protocols: IPv4: Internet Protocol version4 is used to identify the devices on a n/w using a hierarchical addressing scheme. 32 bit address. Allows total of 2**32addresses. IPv6: Internet Protocol version6 uses 128 bit address scheme and allows 2**128 addresses. 6LOWPAN: (IPv6overLowpowerWirelessPersonalAreaNetwork)operat esin 2.4 GHz frequency range and data transfer 250 kb/s.

57. 3) Transport Layer: This layer provides functions such as error control, segmentation, flow control and congestion control. So th is l a y er p r o t o c ol s p r ovi d e e n d -t o- e n d m e ssa g e t r a n s f er capability independent of the underlying network. Protocols: TCP: Transmission Control Protocol used by web browsers(along with HTTP and HTTPS), email(along with SMTP, FTP). Connection oriented and stateless protocol. IP Protocol deals with sending packets, TCP ensures reliable transmission of protocols in order. Avoids n/w congestion and congestion collapse. UDP: User Datagram Protocol is connectionless protocol. Useful in time sensitive applications, very small data units to exchange. Transaction oriented and stateless protocol. Does not provide guaranteed delivery.

58. 4) Application Layer: Application layer protocols define how the applications interface with the lower layer protocols to send over the network. Protocols: (i) HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML. It was designed for communication between web browsers and web servers, but it can also be used for other purposes. Follow request- response model Stateless protocol.

59. CoAP: Constrained Application Protocol for machine-to- machine(M2M) applications with constrained devices, constrained environment and constrained n/w. The protocol is especially targeted for constrained hardware such as 8-bits microcontrollers, low power sensors and similar devices that can’t run on HTTP or TLS. Web Socket: allows full duplex communication over a single socket connection. (iv ) MQTT: Message Queue Telemetry Transport is light weight messaging protocol based on publish-subscribe model. Uses client server architecture. Well suited for constrained environment

60. XMPP: Extensible Message and Presence Protocol for real time communication and streaming XML data between network entities. Support client-server and server-server communication. DDS: Data Distribution Service is data centric middleware standards for device-to-device or machine-to-machine communication. Uses publish- subscribe model. AMQP: Advanced Message Queuing Protocol is open application layer protocol for business messaging. Supports both point-to-point and publish-subscribe model

61. Lecture-5 Logical Design of IoT : Functional Block 1 2 Logical design of IoT : Communication Models

62. LOGICAL DESIGN of IOT Logical design of IoT system refers to an abstract representation of the entities & processes without going into the low-level specifies of the implementation. For understanding Logical Design of IoT, we describes given below terms. IoT Functional Blocks IoT Communication Models IoT Communication APIs

63. functional blocks are: Device: An IoT system comprises of devices that provide sensing, actuation, monitoring and control functions. Communication: Handles the communication for the IoT system. Services: services for device monitoring, device control service, data publishing services and services for device discovery. Management: this blocks provides various functions to govern the IoT system. Security: this block secures the IoT system and by providing functions such as authentication , authorization, message and content integrity, and data security. Application: This is an interface that the users can use to control and monitor various aspects of the IoT system. Application also allow users to view the system status and view or analyze the processed data.

64. 1. IoT Communication Models Request-Response Model Publish-Subscribe Model Push-Pull Model Exclusive Pair Model

65. Request-Response Model

66. Request-response model is communication model in which the client sends requests to the server and the server responds to the requests. When the server receives a request, it decides how to respond, fetches the data, retrieves resource representation, prepares the response, and then sends the response to the client. Request-response is a stateless communication model and each request-response pair is independent of others. HTTP works as a request-response protocol between a client and server. A web browser may be the client, and an application on a computer that hosts a web site may be the server. Example: A client (browser) submits an HTTP request to the server; then the server returns a response to the client. The response contains status information about the request and may also contain the requested content.

67. Publish-Subscribe Model

68. Publish-Subscribe is a communication model that involves publishers, brokers and consumers. Publishers are the source of data. Publishers send the data to the topics which are managed by the broker. Publishers are not aware of the consumers. Consumers subscribe to the topics which are managed by the broker. When the broker receive data for a topic from the publisher, it sends the data to all the subscribed consumers.

69. Push-Pull Model

70. Push-Pull is a communication model in which the data producers push the data to queues and the consumers Pull the data from the Queues. Producers do not need to be aware of the consumers. Queues help in decoupling the messaging between the Producers and Consumers. Queues also act as a buffer which helps in situations when there is a mismatch between the rate at which the producers push data and the rate rate at which the consumer pull data.

71. Exclusive Pair Model

72. Exclusive Pair is a bidirectional, fully duplex communication model that uses a persistent connection between the client and server. Connection is setup it remains open until the client sends a request to close the connection. Client and server can send messages to each other after connection setup. Exclusive pair is stateful communication model and the server is aware of all the open connections.

73. 2. IoT Communication APIs Generally we used Two APIs For IoT Communication.: REST-based Communication APIs Web Socket-based Communication APIs

74. REST-based Communication APIs REST is a set of architectural principles by which you can design Web services the Web APIs that focus on systems' resources and how resource states are addressed and transferred. REST APIs that follow the request response communication model, the rest architectural constraint apply to the components, connector and data elements, within a distributed hypermedia system. The rest architectural constraint are as follows: Client-server – Stateless Cache-able – Layered system – Uniform interface Code on demand

75. Client-server – The principle behind the client-server constraint is the separation of concerns. for example clients should not be concerned with the storage of data which is concern of the serve. Similarly the server should not be concerned about the user interface, which is concern of the client. Stateless – Each request from client to server must contain all the information necessary to understand the request, and cannot take advantage of any stored context on the server. The session state is kept entirely on the client.

76. Cache-able – Cache constraints requires that the data within a response to a request be implicitly or explicitly leveled as cache-able or non cache-able. Layered system – layered system constraints, constrains the behavior of components such that each component cannot see beyond the immediate layer with they are interacting.

77. Uniform interface – uniform interface constraints requires that the method of communication between client and server must be uniform. When a client holds a representation of resources it has all the information required to update or delete the resource you (provided the client has required permissions). Code on demand – Servers can provide executable code or scripts for clients to execute in their context. this constraint is the only one that is optional.

78. WebSocket based communication API

79. Websocket APIs allow bi-directional, full duplex communication between clients and servers. Websocket communication begins with a connection setup request sent by the client to the server. The request (called websocket handshake) is sent over HTTP and the server interprets it is an upgrade request. If the server supports websocket protocol, the server responds to the websocket handshake response. Websocket API reduce the network traffic and latency Websocket suitable for IoT applications that have low latency or high throughput requirements. So Web socket is most suitable IoT Communication APIs for IoT System.

80. Lecture-6 IOT Enabling Technologies

81. State of the Art of IoT R F ID Sensor Smart Tech Nano Tech To identify and track the data of things To collect and process the data to detect the changes in the physical status of things To enhance the power of the network by devolving processing capabilities to different part of the network. To make the smaller and smaller things have the ability to connect and interact. Enabling Technologies

82. IoT Enabling Technologies Wireless Sensor Network Cloud Computing Big Data Analytics Communication Protocols Embedded Systems

83. Sensor Technology The ability to detect changes in the physical status of things is essential for recording changes in the environment. Wireless sensor technology play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between the physical and virtual worlds, and enabling things to respond to changes in their physical environment. Sensors collect data from their environment, generating information and raising awareness about context. Example: sensors in an electronic jacket can collect information about changes in external temperature and the parameters of the jacket can be adjusted accordingly

84. Sensors IoT sensors implanted in smart devices. sensors recognize changes in a particular amount (e.g., weight) Triggers the event or change information to the cloud (specifically or by means of a gateway) and, in a few conditions, accepting information back from the cloud (e.g., a control commands) or speaking with other smart devices. Since 2012, sensors have for the most part contracted in physical size and in this way have caused the IoT market to develop quickly. "Mechanical enhancements made infinitesimal scale sensors, prompting the utilization of innovations like Microelectromechanical frameworks (MEMS).

85. Edge Devices: “ Edge devices" – any gadget, for example, a switch, directing switch, Integrated access device (IAD), multiplexer, or metropolitan zone arrange (MAN ) and wide zone organize (WAN), access device which gives a entry point from the worldwide, open Internet into an ASP's or other venture's private system . In Industry 4.0, these edge gadgets are getting to be plainly more intelligent at handling information before such information even achieves an endeavor system's network backbone (i.e., its center gadgets and cloud server farms).

86. Embedded Systems: Embedded systems intended to play out a specific set of tasks. Key segments of an embedded framework incorporate chip or microcontroller, memory (RAM,ROM,cache), organizing units(Ethernet, WiFi connectors), input/yield units (show, console, and so on) and capacity, (for example, streak memory). Some embedded systems have particular processors, for example, digital signal processors (DSPs), graphic processors and application specific processors. Embedded systems run embedded operating systems such as real time operating systems(RTOS).

87. Embedded Systems A microcontroller-based, software-driven, reliable, real- time control system , designed to perform a specific task .. It can be thought of as a computer hardware system having software embedded in it. What is the difference between a PC and an Embedded system?

88. Key Components Microprocessor or micro controller Memory (RAM, ROM ect.) Storage ( Flash Memory) Networking units(Ethernet, Wifi adaptors ) I/O units ( Keyboard, display ect) Some Embedded systems have DSP(Digital Signal Processor) Graphics Processor App Specific Processor Embedded systems run embedded OS Ex: RTOS(Real Time OS)(like symbian, Vxworks , Windows embedded compact ect.)

89. C o mmunica t i o n s The conventions for e nab l i n g I o T se n sors to hand-off information in c or p ora t e w ire l e ss innovations, f o r e x a m ple, RF I D, NFC, W i -F i , B l ue t o o t h L ow Ene r gy (BLE), XBe e , ZigBee, Z-Wave, B l uet o o t h, Wireless M-Bus, SIGFOX and NuelNET, and additionally satellite associations and versatile systems utilizing GSM, GPRS, 3G, LTE, or b y st a t i o n a ry ke e n a rti c l e s, W i M A X . W i r ed c onv e nt i ons, us e a ble incorporate Ethernet, HomePlug, H o m ePN A , H o m eG r i d/ G .h n a nd LonWorks, and ordinary phone lines.

90. Communication Protocols Allow devices to exchange data over network. Define the exchange formats, data encoding addressing schemes for device and routing of packets from source to destination. It includes sequence control, flow control and retransmission of lost packets.  

91. Wireless Sensor Networks: A WSN contains distributed devices connected with sensors which are utilized to observe and monitor the ecological and physical conditions. A WSN comprise of various end-hubs and switches and a coordinator. End hubs have a few sensors appended to them. End hubs can be also served as switches. Switches are in charge of routing the information bundles from end-hubs to the coordinator. The coordinator gathers the information from every one of the hubs. Coordinator can also act as a facilitator/gateway that connects WSN to the web. A few cases of WSNs are Indoor air quality, Soil dampness , Weather check, Surveillance frameworks.

92. Wireless Sensor Network Distributed Devices with sensors used to monitor the environmental and physical conditions Or It is a network formed by large no. of sensor nodes to detect light, heat , pressure ect. i.e. used to monitor environmental and physical conditions. Each node can have several sensors attached to it. Each node can also acts as a routers Coordinator collects data from all nodes Coordinator acts as gateway that connects WSN to the internet.

93. Examples of WSNs Indoor Air Quality Monitoring system Weather Monitoring System Soil Moisture Monitoring System Survelliance Systems Health Monitoring Systems Protocols used WSNs are enabled by wireless communication protocols such as IEEE802.15.4 Zigbee is one of the most popular wireless technology used by WSNs. Zigbee specifications are based on IEEE802.15.4 which is used for low powered devices. Data rate: up to 250KBps . Range: upto 100 Meters

94. WSN Examples WSNs used in IoT systems are described as follows: Weather Monitoring System: in which nodes collect temp, humidity and other data, which is aggregated and analyzed. Indoor air quality monitoring systems: to collect data on the indoor air quality and concentration of various gases. Soil Moisture Monitoring Systems: to monitor soil moisture at variouslocations . Surveillance Systems: use WSNs for collecting surveillance data( motiondata detection). Smart Grids : use WSNs for monitoring grids at variouspoints .

95. Cloud Computing: A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management e ort or service provider interaction.

96. Cloud Computing Internet based Vs local storage computing Deliver applications and services over internet Provides computing , networking and storage resources on demand Cloud Computing is a way of making use of virtual computer world wide using the same personalized experience. Types of Cloud computing services IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service), PaaS(Platform as a Service and SaaS(Software as a Services)

97. Saas : Clients can access and use software at remote location using a web browser. Ex: Google documents Paas : Clients can install, build and modify or control applications. Ex: App cloud, Google App Engine IaaS : Clients can use storage to install and manage operating systems and any desired applications.( i.e Virtual machines + virtual storage) Ex: Web Hosting.

98. It doesn’t require you to maintain or manage it(no need to have an IT expert). Effectively infinite size , so no need to worry about running out of capacity. You can access cloud based applications and services from anywhere ( Device independent ). Benefits of Cloud Computing

99. Examples of Cloud computing Services are offered to users in different forms. Infrastructure-as-a-service( IaaS ):provides users the ability to provision computing and storage resources. These resources are provided to the users as a virtual machine instances and virtual storage. Platform-as-a-Service( PaaS ): provides users the ability to develop and deploy application in cloud using the development tools, APIs, software libraries and services provided by the cloud service provider. Software-as-a-Service( SaaS ): provides the user a complete software application or the user interface to the application itself.

100. Digital Twin: Digital twin refers to a digital replica of physical assets (physical twin), processes, people, places, systems and devices that can be used for various purposes. The digital representation provides both the elements and the dynamics of how an Internet of things device operates and lives throughout its life.

101. Big Data Analytics: The role of data analytics in IoT applications. Big data technologies can offer data storage and processing services in an IoT environment, while data analytics allow business people to make better decisions. IoT applications are the major sources of big data.

102. Big Data Analytics Data cleansing Data munging (Data Wrangling) Data Processing and Data Visualization C or r e cting Removing Replacing Converting data from one format to other Collection of data whose volume, velocity or variety is too large and difficult to store, manage, process and analyze the data using traditional databases. Big data Analytics involves

103. Big Data Analytics Semi-Stru c tu r ed All of above -text, audio , video Variety Includes different types of data Structured Un s truct u r ed Characteristics of Big Data is 3V Velocity Refers to speed at which data is processed Batch R e a l - time Streams Volume refers to the amount of data Terabyte Records T r an sa c tions Files Tables Acc to IBM in 2012: 2.5 Billion GB data was generated everyday ! Forbes states: in 2020, 1.7 MB of new information is will be created

104. Lots of data is being collected and warehoused Web data, e-commerce purchases at department/ grocery stores Bank/Credit Card transactions Social Network Examples

105. IoT and WSN We concern not only about water, tree and soldier, but also about ocean, forest and battlefield.

106. IoT and WSN 海洋 监测 森林 管理 战场 指挥 So we have ocean monitoring, Forest management, battlefield control.

107. Digital W orld Se n sed data S en sed data S en sed data S en sed data S en sed data S en sed data Physical World When WSN is Used To Connect digital world and physical world

108. Internet of Things vs. Cloud Properties

109. Internet of Things, Cloud and Services Internet of Things enables High-resolution management Real-world control Adaptive processes IoT Issue Possible Solution Heterogeneity Services as abstraction layer Application Development Mash-up of services Solution Deployment Support through XaaS models Producing a lot of data Processing of large data quantities in the cloud IoT, Cloud, and Services are complementary aspects of a Real World Internet

110. 2 Examples For the public and the society For business and enterprises

111. Example 1: Pachube "The Internet of Things Real-Time Web Service and Applications" Platform to connect sensors and other hardware Platform to build IoT services and applications RESTful APIs

112. After the Fukushima Disaster on Pachube

113. Many People Connected Radiation Sensors…

114. Cool, but … Data quality of various sources Accuracy of each data point Sensor reliability and availability Time of measurement Important for trust! Unit jungle: nGy/s, mSv/h, Sv/h, Bq/kg, cpm … Sometimes misleading, sometimes just hard to compare… Mix of data sources Real sensors Virtual sensors (data scraping from web pages, e.g., http://www.houshasen-pref-ibaraki.jp/present/result01.html)

115. Business Web A Platform and Marketplace for Business Services The Business Web is a cloud-based business environment that provides access to the necessary infrastructure, applications, content, and connectivity to deliver end-to-end business services optimized for mobility and ease of participation

116. Business Web: First-class Internet of Things Integration

117. M2M Scenario – Ice Cream Cabinets The application provides consumer products companies with detailed information about the location and status of its ice cream cabinets. This information can be used to find these cabinets, supply them with new ice cream in time, and monitor their temperature in order to avoid ice cream becoming bad due to a defective ice cream cabinet. The ice cream cabinets become smart items that monitor their energy consumption, send alarms, and become an active part in the companies operation processes as well as sustainability efforts.

118. Self Test Questions How to infer information and knowledge from data? Which layer constitutes for sensors and systems administration outfit? Which layer constitutes for transmitting data gathered from physical layer? State the use of RFID? Does Convergence of consumer, business and industrial internet is required in IoT ecosystem? Is Zigbee efficient than Bluetooth? List some of the IoT Functional blocks?

119. Review Questions W hy do I oT s y s t e m s h a ve t o be s e l f a d a pt i ng a nd s e lf configuring? What is the role of things and internet in IoT? What is the role of a coordinator in wireless sensor network? What are the main internal components of a IoT device? Explain different layers of a IoT device. In other words explain IoT protocol Stack. What’s the biggest risk associated with the Internet of Things? W h a t on e fac tor w o u l d m ost acc e l er a te t h e b e n e f its of t h e Internet of Things? What’s one policy change that would accelerate the benefits of the Internet of Things? What’s the one piece of advice for a business leader interested in the Internet of Things?

120. Glossary IoT: Internet of Things RFID: Radio-frequency identification GUI: Graphical User interface IP: Internet protocol ARM: Architecture Reference Model M2M: Machine to Machine WoT: Web of Things KET: Key Enabling Technologies IIoT: Industrial Internet of Things IoE : Internet of Everything 6LOWPAN: IPv6 Low-control remote Personal Area Network NFC: Near Field Communication UNB: Ultra Narrow Band API : Application programming Interface IAB: Internet Architecture Board

121. Glossary REST: Representational State Transfer WSN: Wireless sensor Networks SaaS: Software as a Service PaaS: Platform as a Service IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service IAD: integrated access device ASPs : Application Service Providers DSPs: digital signal processors