Introduction to Algorithms and Flowcharts – Class 8 Computer Science by Anirban Sir

This presentation is specially designed for Class 8 Computer Science students to understand the basics of Algorithms and Flowcharts. It explains how to represent problem-solving steps clearly and systematically, which is the foundation of programming and computational thinking.

The slides cover:

What is an Algorithm?

Importance of Algorithms in problem-solving.

Characteristics of a good Algorithm.

Step-by-step explanation with real-life examples.

Introduction to Flowcharts and their symbols.

Drawing flowcharts for simple problems.

Practice exercises for better understanding.

By going through this presentation, learners will be able to:

Write step-by-step algorithms for solving problems.

Identify different flowchart symbols and their use.

Translate real-world problems into algorithms and flowcharts.

Build a strong foundation for future programming languages like C, Python, and Java.

This resource is ideal for students, teachers, and beginners in computer science who want to develop logical thinking and problem-solving skills. The content has been explained in a clear, simple, and student-friendly way by Anirban Sir, making it easy to grasp even for those new to the subject.

With examples and diagrams, this presentation makes learning algorithms and flowcharts fun, interactive, and practical.

1. Algorithms and Flowcharts Smart Steps to Solve Any Problem By Anirban Sir

2. What is an Algorithm ? 📘 Definition : An algorithm is a finite set of clear, logical, and well-defined instructions that solve a specific problem. Each step in an algorithm must be unambiguous and lead to the next action, eventually reaching a result . Real-Life Analogy: Making tea: Boil water Add tea leaves Add sugar and milk Filter and serve

3. Characteristics of a Good Algorithm A good algorithm must have: Input – What data it takes Output – The final result Definiteness – Steps must be clear Effectiveness – Steps must be doable Termination – It must end 💡 Example: A recipe that never ends isn’t useful — same with algorithms.

4. Steps to Develop an Algorithm Understand the problem clearly Do analysis – What inputs and outputs? Identify processes or formulas needed Write the algorithm in simple numbered steps Make sure it is complete and correct

5. Rules for Writing an Algorithm 📘 While writing algorithms, follow these rules: Begin with START Number each step clearly Use INPUT/READ for data input Use PRINT/WRITE for output Use IF...THEN...ELSE for decisions End with STOP Keep steps short, meaningful, and logical 💡 Tip: Write it like you are giving instructions to a robot.

6. Example – Algorithm to Calculate Simple Interest 📘 Problem: Find SI using Principal (P), Rate (R), and Time (T) Steps: START INPUT P, R, T SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100 PRINT SI STOP

7. What is a Flowchart? 📘 Definition : A flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm , showing each step using standard symbols and arrows . It helps to understand the logic and flow of a problem at a glance . 🎯 Used in: Computer programming Engineering Maths Education 💡 Tip: Flowchart = Picture version of logic

8. Flowchart Symbols and Their Uses

9. Rules for Designing a Flowchart Start with one START and end with one STOP Use correct symbols Flow should be top to bottom or left to right Each shape = one step Use arrow lines properly Keep the chart clean, readable, and logical 💡 Tip: Your flowchart should “talk” even without words.

10. Flowchart Example – Average of 3 Numbers Steps: START INPUT A, B, C SUM = A + B + C AVG = SUM ÷ 3 PRINT AVG STOP

11. : Conditional Problem Solving 📘 Definition: Decision-making in an algorithm is done using IF...THEN...ELSE . In flowcharts, use Diamond shape with YES/NO arrows. Real-Life Example: IF (It’s raining) THEN take umbrella ELSE go without it