Introduction to Arduino focuses on how arduino can be learned easily

Thisis an introductory lesson to arduino

1. Introduction to Arduino Arduino 简介

2. Objectives 目标 By the end of the lesson, students will be able to: 1. Understand the basic function of an Arduino board and associated components. 2. Use Tinkercad to build a virtual circuit with an LED. 3. Write basic Arduino code to control the LED. 在课程结束时，学生将能够： 1. 了解 Arduino 板和相关组件的基本功能。 2. 使用 Tinkercad 构建带有 LED 的虚拟电路。 3. 编写基本的 Arduino 代码来控制 LED。

3. What is Arduino? Arduino is a microcontroller board that can be programmed to control different electrical components like LEDs, motors, sensors, etc. Microcontroller : A small computer inside the Arduino that processes commands from the code you write. Digital Input/Output (I/O) Pins : These pins are used to connect external components like LEDs, sensors, etc. Pins can either output voltage (turn something on, like an LED) or input voltage (read something, like a button press). Arduino 是一个微控制器板，可以对其进行编程以控制不同的电气组件，如 LED、 电机、传感器等。
微控制器： Arduino 内部的一台小型计算机，用于处理您编写的代码中的命令。
数字输入 / 输出 （ I/O） 引脚：这些引脚用于连接 LED、 传感器等外部组件。引脚可以输出电压（打开某个东西，如 LED） 或输入电压（读取某个东西，如按下按钮）。

4. Components and Their Roles 1. Arduino Uno: - The main board we will use to control the LED. - The pins on the Arduino board allow us to connect different components. We’ll be using pin 13 for output. 1. Arduino Uno：
- 我们将用于控制 LED 的主板。 - Arduino 板上的引脚允许我们连接不同的组件。我们将使用引脚 13 进行输出。

5. Components and Their Roles 2. Breadboard: - A tool for building temporary circuits without soldering. - The breadboard has two sets of holes for components; we use the horizontal rows to connect different components. - Two vertical rails are usually reserved for power (+) and ground (GND). 2. 面包板： - 无需焊接即可构建临时电路的工具。 - 试验板有两组组件孔 ; 我们使用水平行来连接不同的组件。 - 两个垂直导轨通常保留用于电源 （ + ） 和接地 （ GND）。

6. Components and Their Roles 3. LED (Light Emitting Diode): - A small light that turns on when electricity flows through it. - Important: The LED has two legs: - Anode (longer leg): Connects to the positive (power) side. - Cathode (shorter leg): Connects to the ground (negative). 3. LED（ 发光二极管）： - 当电流流过时会亮起的小灯。 - 重要提示： LED 有两个脚管： - 阳极（较长的腿）：连接到正极（电源）侧。 - 阴极（较短的腿）：连接到地面（负极）。

7. Components and Their Roles 4. Resistor (220 Ω): - Limits the current flowing through the LED to prevent it from burning out. 4. 电阻 （ 220 Ω）：
- 限制流经 LED 的电流，以防止其烧坏。 5. Wires: - Used to connect components together on the breadboard. 5. 电线： - 用于将试验板上的组件连接在一起。

8. Materials - Access to Tinkercad (create accounts prior to the lesson) - Basic components: Arduino Uno, Breadboard, LED, Resistor (220 Ω), and wires (virtual in Tinkercad ) - 访问 Tinkercad （ 在课前创建帐户） - 基本组件： Arduino Uno、 面包板、 LED、 电阻器 （ 220 Ω） 和电线（在 Tinkercad 中虚拟）

9. 1. Place the Arduino Uno on the workspace in Tinkercad . 2. Add a breadboard to the workspace. 3. Place an LED on the breadboard: - The anode (long leg) connects to pin 13 of the Arduino. - The cathode (short leg) connects to a 220 Ω resistor. - The other end of the resistor connects to GND on the Arduino (Ground). Connection: Arduino pin 13 → LED Anode LED Cathode → Resistor Resistor → GND on the Arduino 1. 将 Arduino Uno 放在 Tinkercad 的工作区上。 2. 将试验板添加到工作区。 3. 将 LED 放在试验板上： - 阳极（长腿）连接到 Arduino 的引脚 13 。 - 阴极 （短腿） 连接到一个 220 Ω 电阻。 - 电阻器的另一端连接到 Arduino 上的 GND（ 接地）。

10. Basic Arduino Code Task : Control the LED by blinking it on and off with code. Code Breakdown: Every Arduino program has two main functions: setup() : This function runs once when you start the program. We use it to set up the pin mode (input or output). loop() : This function runs continuously (in a loop). It’s where the main logic of the code goes, controlling what the Arduino does repeatedly.

11. Basic Arduino Code Task : Control the LED by blinking it on and off with code. // Pin number where the LED is connected int ledPin = 13; Code Explanation: This line declares a variable ledPin that stores the pin number of the LED. In our case, it’s connected to pin 13 . The red text that starts with // is called a comment. This is use to label or describe the code

12. Basic Arduino Code Task : Control the LED by blinking it on and off with code. void setup() { pinMode ( ledPin , OUTPUT); } Code Explanation: pinMode (): This function sets the mode of a pin, either INPUT (if you're reading data like a button press) or OUTPUT (if you're controlling something like an LED). Here, pin 13 is being set as an OUTPUT so that we can send power to it and light up the LED.

13. Basic Arduino Code Task : Control the LED by blinking it on and off with code. void loop() { digitalWrite ( ledPin , HIGH); // Turn on the LED delay(1000); // Wait for one second digitalWrite ( ledPin , LOW); // Turn off the LED delay(1000); // Wait for one second } Code Explanation: digitalWrite ( ledPin , HIGH): Sends power to the LED, turning it on. HIGH means "turn on." delay(1000): Pauses the program for 1000 milliseconds (1 second). digitalWrite ( ledPin , LOW): Turns off the LED by stopping the power flow. LOW means "turn off." Another delay(1000) keeps the LED off for 1 second before looping back and turning it on again.

14. Basic Arduino Code Task : Control the LED by blinking it on and off with code. void loop() { digitalWrite ( ledPin , HIGH); // Turn on the LED delay(1000); // Wait for one second digitalWrite ( ledPin , LOW); // Turn off the LED delay(1000); // Wait for one second } Code Explanation: digitalWrite ( ledPin , HIGH): Sends power to the LED, turning it on. HIGH means "turn on." delay(1000): Pauses the program for 1000 milliseconds (1 second). digitalWrite ( ledPin , LOW): Turns off the LED by stopping the power flow. LOW means "turn off." Another delay(1000) keeps the LED off for 1 second before looping back and turning it on again.

15. Basic Arduino Code Task 2 : Modify the delay time to change the blinking speed of the LED (e.g., try 500 milliseconds, 2000 milliseconds). delay(500); // LED blinks every half second

16. Basic Arduino Code Task 3 : Challenge the students to add a second LED and alternate blinking between the two. int ledPin1 = 13; // First LED int ledPin2 = 12; // Second LED void setup() { pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT); pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH); // Turn on first LED digitalWrite(ledPin2, LOW); // Turn off second LED delay(1000); // Wait for one second digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW); // Turn off first LED digitalWrite(ledPin2, HIGH); // Turn on second LED delay(1000); // Wait for one second }