Introduction to art and design

Basic introduction of Art and design

1. Introduction to Art And Design Dr. Promilakrishna Chahal , Assistant Scientist, COHS, CCSHAU, HISAR

2. Introduction to Art And Design The word ‘Art ‘ means the application of skill and taste to the production of beautiful things. A simple house can be made to look attractive by decorating its interiors tastefully. Almost every human being has some natural ability to recognize beauty and suitability in interiors and in arrangement of their furnishings. Interior decoration is an art of adjusting the  space , furnishings and equipment to suit the fundamental and cultural needs of the family members and thus creating a pleasant atmosphere . This art or talent can be developed by observation, study, experience and developing skills in creative art. A design is a visual plan used in creating beauty. Everything an individual visualizes has a design and we use words that tell about the lines, shapes, colors, textures and patterns to explain the design. The basic elements of art are the lines, shapes, colors, textures, patterns and  space . The knowledge of elements of design are important to everyone who works in home interiors,  wood  working, photography, landscaping, architecture, and the visual arts. An individual who understands the design elements will be more successful in designing home and interior space of any building.

3. Objectives Beauty Expressiveness, and Functionalism

4. Beauty: One simple definition of beauty is “ that combination of qualities that is pleasing to the trained eye or ear” . According to an Oriental proverb, “ One man’s beauty is another man’s ugliness.” Ultimately , beauty leads to aesthetics and the underlying basic factor in esthetics is the elements of art.

5. 2. Expressiveness: One way to approach the subject of selecting, decorating, and furnishing a home is to seek or express some definite idea or theme. Some of the ideas that are expressed in homes, consciously or unconsciously are naturalness , sophistication, intimacy, formality, warmth, coolness, delicacy, strength, freshness, antiquity.  The most important theme that may be expressed in homes, four of the typical ones are formality , informality , naturalness , and modernism.

6. 2.1 Naturalness :   A house of this character may express the following themes: simplicity, handmade quality, sincerity, thrift, naiveté, playfulness, rugged force, unpretentiousness, originality, or protest against artificiality. Among the factors that contribute to the attainment of the natural effect are the use of native materials and styles, handwork showing natural irregularities in structure, direct treatment, inexpensive materials and primitive colors. Fine finish and imitations are avoided.

7. 2.2 Modernism : Indicates the importance of functionalism in a modern house. The families that choose modern furnishings are usually young courageous, experimental, impersonal, and logical. For instance, the furnishings may be unrefined unpolished; showing lack of skill in workmanship, still may be functional and comfortable. The personality of the owner determines the idea to be expressed in a home. The homes of today should function well. They should give the maximum of services, comfort and pleasure for the minimum of care. Those who are building new houses should make no compromises or sacrifice functionalism. Every phase of home planning and furnishing should be based on function.

8. 2.3 FORMALITY:  A home that expresses formality usually also expresses dignity, strength, reserve, and impressiveness . Features that contribute to this effect in a house are- unbroken lines, large spaces, and a symmetrical façade. The furniture though not necessarily traditional in style but arranged with formal balance.

9. 2.4 Informality :  An outstanding characteristic of life of today is informality in all walks of life. Naturally informality is desired in interiors and home furnishings also. Simplicity, informality productiveness, friendliness, hospitality, intimate charm, bright warm colors and comfortable furniture are the characteristics of informality in interiors and home furnishing.

10. 3. Functionalism: Home should give the maximum of service. The selection of individual articles should be governed by a critical judgment of how well they fulfill their functions. Every phase of the home planning and furnishing should be based on function. The number of rooms and their arrangement depend on how best they serve the family. Furniture is arranged in functional groups, like for study, reading, sleeping and conversation. Further of garden furniture should be waterproof and upholstery should be durable.

11. Importance of Good taste in art and design Art may be so much a part of our daily living that will help us to do more beautifully, the simple homely things as well as the more unusual. As we surround ourselves with beauty, art actually becomes a part of our life and personality, an occasional enjoyment rather to be sought and enjoyed in everything we do and in everything we select. The consumers of today should have the knowledge of the principles of designs and the fundamentals of good taste. Good taste, in the field of art, is the application of the principles of design to the problems where appearance as well as utility is the consideration. For example in designing an art piece for interiors, furnishing a home for a family or a child’s study room or an home office, good taste can make these projects successful. Good taste in art and design: Every individual should understand and apply the elements of art, and principles of design in creation selection and arrangement of interiors. The selection and arrangement must be economical and beautiful. Developing good taste enables an individual properly to judge. Beauty is determined also by the quality of the objects chosen. The idea is all too prevalent that in decoration, an object must be ornamented if it is to have an art “quality”. Some of the basic criteria’s for developing

12. Good taste are as follows: When decoration is used, it should be simple. Over decoration is one of the worst faults. Taste is molded to a very large extent, by the things which surround us. The taste of the family member is influenced generally by the objects selected by the home maker. It is a privilege for children to develop a good taste, who live in a home in which there is an orderliness in selection, arrangement where in beauty and good taste are automatically achieved. Art and Design in home furnishing: Design is the selecting and arranging of materials, with two aims i.e. orderliness and beautifying. So, Design is any arrangement of lines, forms, colors and textures. It involved the problem of choosing these lines, forms, colors; the materials used and in addition, create beauty in the finished product. Objectives and guidelines to create designs The elements of art are to be used according to the principles of design in order to achieve the objectives of beauty, expressiveness and functionalism which in brief are given below as guidelines for creating designs

13. Definition Of Design Design is defined as any arrangement of  line ,  color ,  space , value and  texture  of an object in  space , or a drawing of it on a piece of paper. It involves the proper choice of materials, forms, colors in arranging them aesthetically and tastefully, taking care of the elements of art and the  principles of design . Types Of Design: Design is combination of tools and materials, methods of construction and ideas of the designer’s personality and creativity. Sometimes the designers choose motifs which are units of design. The designers works with elements of art and design by selecting and arranging them to a purpose, which might be functional and ornamental or both. Goldstein. H. and Goldstein. V. have classified designs as two types viz , Structural Design Decorative Design Types of Decorative Design Naturalistic design Conventional design/stylized design Abstract design Geometric design

14. Structural Design: Structural design is the design made by the size, form, color and texture of an object, whether it be the object itself, in space or a drawing of that object worked out on paper. THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A GOOD STRUCTURAL DESIGN Design must be simple. Design must be well proportioned and beautiful. The materials used must suit the purpose for which it is made and also the processes that will be followed in making it. Example: Flower pots and bowls with a good structural design .

15. Decorative design: Decorative design is the surface enrichment of a structural design. Any lines, colors or materials that have been applied to it constitute its decorative design. Structural design is far more important than decorative design, because it is essential to every object, while decoration is the “luxury” of design

16. Naturalistic design: Naturalistic motifs look like pictures, usually of flowers, fruits, animals, or scenes from nature. When the motifs are selected from nature and reproduced exactly it is called naturalistic decorative design. A realistic painting of a bouquet of flowers, leaves, naturalistic landscapes expressed in photographic or as in painting are more or less the exact expression of something that we see in nature. The applications of naturalistic design in interiors may be on pictures, wall papers, fabrics, paintings etc.

17. Conventional design/stylized design Stylized motifs do not look like pictures of natural objects; usually the lines are simplified and conventionalized, sometimes they are distorted. In stylized motifs, the form of leaves, flowers, animals, fruits are used, but they are conventionalized/stylized. Even the form and color can be conventionalized. Applications of stylized designs include floor finishes, carpets, furnishing materials, wall papers, pictures etc. Patterns are sometimes made as a combination of stylized and geometric motifs. Ex: Stylized design of a peacock, duck, human being etc.

18. Abstract design: A combination of lines, stripes etc. are classified as abstracts designs. Plaids, dots, stripes, checks and geometric pattern in textiles are examples of abstract design. These designs may be flat design or it may express depth, with two or three dimensional figures and objects. In modern art, the applications of abstract designs are widely used.

19. Geometric design: Geometric motifs are based on the pure forms of the circle, rectangle, triangle, stripes, dots, checks, plaids etc, although endless variations and combinations of them are used to create designs. Their beauty is derived from either elegance of proportions or their arrangement in relation to other shapes in a composition. Geometric designs are widely used in crockeries , floor coverings, wall papers, furnishing items, wall hangings, picture etc. Modern designers prefer geometric motifs in the small amount of pattern that they use.

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