Introduction to Automata Theory0001.pptx

About the formal language and Automata

1. Introduction to Automata Theory

2. Why Automata Theory? Systems like vending machines or self-service kiosks rely on defined logic. Humans respond intuitively, machines require explicit instruction. Automata theory helps design and understand this logic systematically.

3. Basic Terminologies Σ (Alphabet): Set of allowed symbols, e.g., {a, b, c} String: Sequence of symbols (e.g., "abc") Language (L): Set of valid strings over an alphabet 𝜖 (Epsilon): Empty string (no symbols) Q (State): A specific situation the machine is in

4. Why Study This Course? Apps like Instagram react to inputs using rules (finite automata). Every "Like", "Scroll", or "View Story" is handled by logic-based transitions. Understanding automata helps you build interactive, intelligent systems.

5. Finite State Machines (FSM) FSM = Simple robot that can be in one of many states. Input triggers transitions from one state to another. Examples: Traffic lights Elevators Vending machines

6. What is a Finite Automaton? Special type of FSM that reads sequences of input symbols. Accepts or rejects input based on state transitions. Core parts: Input alphabet Set of states Start and final state(s) Transition rules

7. Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) One unique transition for each input in every state. Transition function: δ(Q × Σ → Q) Used for pattern matching, lexical analysis in compilers

8. NFA and ε-NFA NFA: Multiple transitions possible for one input. ε-NFA: Transitions possible without any input. Every NFA and ε-NFA has an equivalent DFA.

9. Thank you