INTRODUCTION-TO-AUTOMATION-TECHNOLOGY (1).pptx

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1. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY

2. History of Automation Technology 1. Early Mechanical Automation (Ancient to 1700s) Ancient civilizations (Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese) created simple machines like pulleys and water clocks. In the 1200s, engineers designed automatic water wheels and mechanical clocks. 2. Industrial Revolution (1700s - 1800s) The invention of steam engines (James Watt, 1769) led to automated textile machines. Factories introduced conveyor belts and early production lines.

3. History of Automation Technology 3. 20th Century – The Rise of Electronics and Computers 1900s: Assembly lines (Henry Ford, 1913) made car production faster. 1950s: Early computers helped automate calculations and machine control. 1961: The first industrial robot, Unimate , was used in car manufacturing. 4. Modern Automation (21st Century) • The rise of AI, robotics, and smart sensors improved automation. • Factories now use robots and computer-controlled systems to produce goods efficiently. • Smart homes and self-driving cars use automation to make daily life easier.

4. History of Automation Technology Definition: Automation technology refers to the use of machines, control systems, and software to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. It allows processes to be completed efficiently, accurately, and consistently in various industries.

5. History of Automation Technology Function of Automation Technology: Automation technology serves several key functions, including: Control & Monitoring – Uses sensors and software to regulate machines and systems. Data Processing – Collects, analyzes, and processes information for decision-making. Task Execution – Performs repetitive or complex tasks without direct human input. Communication – Enables machines to interact with each other using networks and AI.

6. History of Automation Technology Examples: A robotic arm assembling a product in a factory. A temperature control system adjusts room temperature automatically. A self-checkout machine processing purchases in a store. Automated teller machines (ATMs).

7. History of Automation Technology Purpose of Automation Technology: The main goal of automation is to improve efficiency, reduce human workload, and enhance precision. It is used in various fields for different purposes: ✅ In Manufacturing – Increases production speed and consistency (e.g., car assembly lines). ✅ In Medicine – Assists in surgeries and patient monitoring (e.g., robotic-assisted surgery). ✅ In Homes – Enhances convenience (e.g., smart home devices like Alexa and automatic lighting). ✅ In Transportation – Improves safety and efficiency (e.g., autopilot systems in airplanes and self-driving cars). ✅ In Communication – Speeds up data processing and messaging (e.g., AI chatbots and automated emails).

8. Types of Robots Robots can be classified based on their design and functionality. Here are four major types: 1. Pre-programmed Robots 🤖📜 ✅ Operate based on a set of instructions programmed in advance. ✅ Cannot make decisions on their own. ✅ Used for repetitive tasks in industries. 📌 Examples: Robotic arms in car manufacturing. Automated machines in food processing.

9. Types of Robots 2. Remote Sensing Robots 📡🔍 ✅ Use sensors to collect data from their environment. ✅ Often used for exploration, disaster response, and surveillance. ✅ Can operate in dangerous or inaccessible areas. 📌 Examples: Mars rovers (like Perseverance) for space exploration. Underwater drones for ocean research. Weather satellites for climate monitoring.

10. Types of Robots 3. Augmenting Robots 🦾💪 ✅ Enhance human abilities or assist people with disabilities. ✅ Can be wearable or assistive robotic devices. ✅ Used in medical and military applications. 📌 Examples: Robotic prosthetic limbs for disabled individuals. Exoskeletons to help paralyzed patients walk. Powered suits to help workers lift heavy objects.

11. Types of Robots 4. Humanoid Robots 🚶‍♂️🤖 ✅ Designed to look and move like humans. ✅ Can interact with people and assist in various tasks. ✅ Used in research, customer service, and entertainment. 📌 Examples: ASIMO (Honda’s humanoid robot) – Walks, runs, and talks. Sophia (AI-powered robot) – Can have conversations and express emotions. NAO Robot – Used for education and human-robot interaction.

12. Why Are These Robots Important? Pre-programmed robots make industries more efficient. Remote sensing robots help in exploration and disaster response. Augmenting robots improve human capabilities. Humanoid robots advance AI-human interactions.

13. What is a machine? Machine is a device or system that uses mechanical power to perform a specific task. It reduces human effort by applying force, motion, or energy to accomplish work.

14. Key Characteristics of a Machine ✅ Requires human control – Machines operate only when a person initiates or directs their function. ✅ Performs a specific function – Each machine is designed for a particular task. ✅ Uses mechanical power – Can be powered by electricity, fuel, or manual effort. ✅ Does not have intelligence – Unlike robots, machines cannot make decisions or adapt to their environment. Examples of Machines: ⚙️ Simple Machines – Lever, pulley, inclined plane, screw, wedge, and wheel & axle. ⚙️ Complex Machines – Washing machines, drills, cars, typewriters, and conveyor belts.

15. Difference Between Robots and Machines Feature Robots 🦾 Machines ⚙️ Definition A programmable device that can perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously. A mechanical device designed to perform a specific function but requires human operation. Automation Can operate independently using sensors, AI, or pre-set instructions. Operates only when controlled by a human. Adaptability Can respond to changes in the environment and adjust tasks. Follows a fixed operation and cannot adjust to changes without manual intervention. Intelligence Uses AI, sensors, and programming to make decisions. Does not have intelligence; follows direct commands. Examples Self-driving cars, robotic arms, drones, humanoid robots. Washing machines, drills, conveyor belts, typewriters.

16. Classification of robots based on institution 1. JIRA (Japan Industrial Robot Association) Classification JIRA classifies robots based on their level of autonomy and control mechanisms : ✅ Manual Handling Robots – Operated entirely by a human. ✅ Sequential Robots – Follow a set of pre-programmed steps. ✅ Playback Robots – Record and replay movements. ✅ Numerical Control (NC) Robots – Controlled by programming codes. ✅ Intelligent Robots – Use AI, sensors, and machine learning for decision-making. 📌 Example: Industrial robotic arms in Japanese car factories (e.g., FANUC robots).

17. Classification of robots based on institution 2. INTEL-ISEF (International Science and Engineering Fair) Classification INTEL-ISEF focuses on robotics in scientific research, innovation, and engineering applications : ✅ Autonomous Robots – Perform tasks without human intervention (e.g., self-driving cars). ✅ Bio-inspired Robots – Designed to mimic natural organisms (e.g., robotic bees for pollination). ✅ Assistive Robots – Help people with disabilities (e.g., robotic prosthetics). ✅ Exploration Robots – Used in space, underwater, or extreme environments (e.g., NASA’s Perseverance Rover). 📌 Example: Robots developed by students for research competitions (e.g., medical robotics projects).

18. Classification of robots based on institution 3. RIA (Robotic Industries Association) Classification RIA categorizes robots based on their use in industrial and commercial settings : ✅ Industrial Robots – Used for automation in factories (e.g., welding, assembly). ✅ Collaborative Robots ( Cobots ) – Work alongside humans safely (e.g., Baxter, UR5). ✅ Mobile Robots – Move around to transport goods or perform tasks (e.g., warehouse robots like Amazon’s Kiva). ✅ Service Robots – Provide customer service or assistance (e.g., hotel robots, delivery drones). 📌 Example: Automated robots in production lines like ABB and Yaskawa robots.

19. Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics Isaac Asimov, a famous science fiction writer, created the Three Laws of Robotics to guide how robots should behave. These rules are often used in stories and discussions about artificial intelligence.

20. 🤖 The Three Laws (Simplified) 1️⃣ First Law: A robot must not harm a human or let a human be harmed. Easy Explanation: Robots must protect humans at all times. Example: If a robot sees someone about to fall, it should try to stop them from getting hurt. 2️⃣ Second Law: A robot must follow human orders, unless those orders break the First Law. Easy Explanation: Robots must listen to people, but they cannot hurt someone just because they were told to. Example: If someone tells a robot to push another person, the robot must refuse.

21. 🤖 The Three Laws (Simplified) 3️⃣ Third Law: A robot must protect itself, as long as it does not break the First or Second Law. Easy Explanation: Robots can take care of themselves, but they must always prioritize human safety and follow orders. Example: A robot should move away from danger (like fire), but not if it means leaving a person in danger.

22. 🧠 Why Are These Laws Important? ✅ They help us think about the ethical use of robots. ✅ They show that robots should serve and protect humans. ✅ They inspire real-world discussions about artificial intelligence and automation.

23. Robots for Specific Purposes: Field Robots & 4D Jobs What Are Field Robots? Field robots are specialized robots designed to work in outdoor or unstructured environments, often performing tasks that are difficult, dangerous, or impossible for humans. These robots operate in industries like agriculture, construction, mining, and disaster response.

24. Robots for Specific Purposes: Field Robots & 4D Jobs What Are 4D Jobs? 4D jobs refer to tasks that are Dirty, Dangerous, Difficult, and Dull —jobs that are often hazardous or exhausting for humans. Robots are designed to handle these tasks efficiently, reducing human risk and improving productivity.