Introduction to Computer Science – Week2.pptx

computer Science

1. Introduction to Computer Science – Week2

2. Data Data refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things, and ideas. Data can be a name, a number, the colors in a photograph, or the notes in a musical composition.

3. Data Representation Data Representation refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted. Devices such as smartphones, iPods, and computers store data in digital formats that can be handled by electronic circuitry In computing, data is information that has been translated into a form that is efficient for processing.

4. Data Representation Digitization is the process of converting information, such as text, numbers, photo, or music, into digital data that can be manipulated by electronic devices. The 0s and 1s used to represent digital data are referred to as binary digits — from this term we get the word bit that stands for binary digit. A bit is a 0 or 1 used in the digital representation of data.

5. Representing Numbers Numeric data consists of numbers that can be used in arithmetic operations. Digital devices represent numeric data using the binary number system, also called base 2. The binary number system only has two digits: 0 and 1. Number “2” is represented in binary as 10 (pronounced “one zero”).

6. Representing Numbers

7. Decimal to binary conversion

8. Decimal to binary conversion 16 34 258 512 1024

9. Representing Text Character data is composed of letters, symbols, and numerals that are not used in calculations. Examples of character data include your name, address, gender etc. Character data is commonly referred to as “text” .

10. Representing Text Digital devices employ several types of codes to represent character data, including ASCII, Unicode, and their variants. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, pronounced “ASK ee ”) requires seven bits for each character. The ASCII code for an uppercase A is 1000001

11. Representing Text

12. Representing Text Hello Your First Name Course Code

13. Operating System

14. Operating Systems (OS) An  Operating System (OS)  is a software that acts as an interface between computer hardware components and the user. Every computer system must have at least one operating system to run other programs. The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without having an operating system.-- Without an operating system, a computer is useless

15. Operating Systems (OS)

16. Operating Systems (OS) Usage

17. Functions of Operating System

18. Functions of Operating System Process management : Create and delete processes. Synchronization and communication among processes. Memory management:   Allocation and de-allocation of memory space File management : All the file-related activities such as organization storage, retrieval, naming, sharing, and protection of files. Device Management : Performs the task of allocation and de-allocation of the devices. I/O controller

19. Functions of Operating System I/O System Management:  Hide the peculiarities of the hardware devices from the user. Secondary-Storage Management : Manage data transfer from secondary storage to primary storage. Security : Protects the  data and information  of a computer system against authorized access. Command interpretation : Interpreting commands given by the user.

20. Functions of Operating System Networking:  Manage the interconnection between computers. Job accounting : Keeping track of time & resource used by various job and users. Communication management : Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, and another software resources.