Introduction-to-Environmental-Impacts-of-Mining.pptx

Environmental Impacts of Mining

1. Introduction to Environmental Impacts of Mining Mining operations can have significant environmental impacts, from greenhouse gas emissions to habitat destruction. This overview will explore the major environmental challenges posed by the mining industry and discuss strategies for more sustainable practices. by SAMEER KUMAR BEHERA M.Tech, Mining Engineering, IIT (BHU) Varanasi

2. Overview of the Mining Industry Scope The mining industry extracts and processes a wide range of natural resources, including metals, minerals, coal, and gemstones, from locations around the world. Scale Mining is a global industry with major operations on every continent. The industry employs millions of workers and generates trillions in economic activity annually. Importance Mined materials are essential for modern infrastructure, technology, and economic development, making the mining industry a critical part of the global economy.

3. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Mining Operations 1 Extraction The use of heavy machinery and explosives in mining releases significant CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. 2 Processing Energy-intensive mineral processing and refining further contribute to a mining operation's carbon footprint. 3 Transportation Shipping mined materials to global markets generates additional greenhouse gas emissions from truck, train, and ship transportation.

4. Water Pollution and Contamination 1 Acid Mine Drainage Sulfuric acid runoff can contaminate nearby water sources, harming aquatic ecosystems. 2 Toxic Chemical Spills Spills of hazardous substances used in mining, like cyanide, can devastate local watersheds. 3 Sediment Pollution Erosion and runoff from mining sites can increase turbidity and sedimentation in rivers and streams. 4 Freshwater Depletion Mining operations often consume large volumes of freshwater, depleting scarce water resources.

5. Soil Degradation and Erosion Topsoil Removal Mining strips away topsoil, which is crucial for plant growth and healthy ecosystems. Subsidence and Sinkholes Underground mining can cause the ground to subside, leading to the formation of hazardous sinkholes. Contamination Mining byproducts like heavy metals and chemicals can pollute and sterilize surrounding soils. Increased Erosion Deforestation and disruption of natural landscapes from mining accelerates soil erosion by wind and water.

6. Habitat Destruction and Biodiversity Loss Deforestation Mining often requires the clearing of forests and other natural habitats, destroying ecosystems and driving species loss. Fragmentation Mining infrastructure like roads and railroads can fragment landscapes, isolating animal populations and disrupting migration patterns. Pollution Impacts Pollution from mining activities can contaminate air, water, and soil, rendering habitats inhospitable for many species.

7. Waste Management and Disposal Tailings Mining generates vast amounts of toxic waste, or "tailings," that must be safely contained and disposed of. Hazardous Waste Chemicals, heavy metals, and other hazardous byproducts of mining require specialized handling and disposal. Landfilling Improper storage or disposal of mining waste in landfills can lead to groundwater contamination and other environmental issues.

8. Socioeconomic Impacts on Local Communities Displacement Mining operations often disrupt and displace indigenous and local communities, disrupting livelihoods and cultural traditions. Health Concerns Pollution from mining can negatively impact the health of nearby residents, leading to respiratory issues and other problems. Economic Disruption While mining can bring economic opportunities, it can also disrupt traditional economies and leave communities dependent on an unsustainable industry. Conflicts Disputes over land rights, environmental damage, and unequal distribution of mining benefits can lead to social unrest and conflicts.

9. Regulations and Policies Governing Mining Activities Environmental Impact Assessments Regulations often require comprehensive environmental impact assessments before mining projects can be approved. Emissions and Pollution Controls Laws and policies mandate limits on greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and other environmental impacts from mining. Reclamation and Restoration Regulations require mining companies to rehabilitate and restore land and habitats after operations have ceased.

10. Sustainable Mining Practices and Innovations Renewable Energy Transitioning to renewable energy sources to power mining operations and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Water Recycling Implementing water treatment and recycling systems to reduce freshwater consumption and wastewater discharge. Waste Minimization Developing innovative processing techniques to reduce the generation of hazardous mining waste. Habitat Restoration Carefully planning and executing land rehabilitation efforts to restore ecosystems disrupted by mining.