Introduction to FM and Units Measurement .pptx

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases) and their interactions with solid boundaries. It is an essential field in engineering, physics, and applied sciences, covering various applications such as aerodynamics, hydraulics, and industrial processes.

Fluid mechanics is divided into:

Fluid Statics (Hydrostatics): The study of fluids at rest.
Fluid Dynamics: The study of fluids in motion.
Hydraulics: Application of fluid mechanics in engineering systems like pipes, pumps, and turbines.
Units of Measurement in Fluid Mechanics
Units are essential for expressing physical quantities in a standardized way. The two main unit systems used in fluid mechanics are:

International System of Units (SI)
British/Imperial System (FPS - Foot-Pound-Second)

1. SHARAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, YADRAV- ICHALKARANJI (Kolhapur) An ‘A’ Grade Institute Accredited by NAAC NBA Accredited Programmes Prepared by Mr. Ashish A. Desai Assistant Professor Mechanical Department Fluid Mechanics

2. Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Lab

3. 1.Course Plan Point to be discussed …… 3.Pre-requisite 2.Unit of Measurement

4. 1.Course Plan Course objective Course outcome Course content Text/Reference books

5. 1.1.Course Objective 1 To familiarize with the properties of fluids and the applications of fluid mechanics 2 To formulate and analyze problems related to calculation of forces in fluid structure interaction. 3 To understand the concept of fluid measurement, types of flows and dimensional analysis.

6. 1.2.Course Outcome CO1 Explain various properties of fluids and their SI units. CO2 Determine hydrostatic forces on the plane and curved surfaces and explain stability of floating bodies. CO3 To understand the concept of fluid measurement, types of flows and dimensional analysis. CO4 Apply Bernoulli’s Equation to simple problems in Fluid mechanics. CO5 Explain laminar and turbulent flows on flat plate and through pipes. CO6 Make use of Dimensional Analysis to simple problems in fluid mechanics and explain boundary layer, drag and lift.

7. Unit Content Lecture 1 Basics Definition of fluid, fluid properties such as viscosity, vapour pressure, compressibility, surface tension, capillarity, Mach number etc., pressure at a point in the static mass of fluid, variation of pressure, Pascal’s law, pressure measurement by simple and differential manometers using manometric expression 08 2 Fluid Statics Hydrostatic forces on the plane and curved surfaces, centre of pressure, Buoyancy, centre of buoyancy, stability of floating bodies, metacentre and metacentric height its application in shipping 08 3 Fluid Kinematics Velocity of fluid particle, types of fluid flow, description of flow, continuity equation, Coordinate freeform, acceleration of fluid particle, rotational and irrotational flow, Laplace’s equation in velocity potential and Poisson’s equation in stream function, flow net. 08 4 Fluid Dynamics Momentum equation, development of Euler’s equation, Introduction to Navier -Stokes equation, Integration of Euler’s equation to obtain Bernoulli’s equation, Bernoulli’s theorem, Application of Bernoulli’s theorem such as Venturimeter, orifice meter, rectangular and triangular notch, Pitot tube, orifices, etc. 08 5 Types of Flow a) Laminar Flow : Flow through circular pipe, between parallel plates, Power absorbed in viscous flow in bearings, loss of head due to friction in viscous flow. b) Turbulent Flow: Reynolds’s experiment, frictional loss in pipe flow, shear stress in turbulent flow, major and minor losses, HGL and TEL, flow through series and parallel pipes. 08 6 Dimensional Analysis a) Dimensional Analysis: Dimensional homogeneity, Raleigh’s method, Buckingham’s theorem, Model analysis, similarity laws and dimensionless numbers. b) Introduction to boundary layer theory and its analysis . c) Forces on Submerged bodies: Drag, lift, Drag on cylinder, Development of lift in cylinder 08 1.3.Course Content

8. 1.4. Text/ Reference books References: 1. V. L. Streeter, K. W. Bedford and E. B. Wylie, “Fluid Dynamics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 9thedition, 1998. 2. S. K. Som , G.Biswas , “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2ndedition, 2003. Texts: 1. P. N. Modi , S. M. Seth, “Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machinery” , Standard Book House, 10th edition,1991. 2. Robert W. Fox, Alan T. McDonald, “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics”, John Wile and Sons, 5thedition.

9. 2.Unit of Measurement Physical quantities Base quantities Derived quantities Important conversions Length Mass Time Volume

10. For other quantities, units are defined from the SI base units. Examples are given below. Base quantity

11. Quantity Derived Unit Symbol Velocity meter per sec m/s Acceleration Meter per second square m/s 2 Force Newton, N Kg m/s 2 Energy Joule or Newton-meter J or N-m Power Newton-meter per sec or Watt or N-m/s N-m/s or W Pressure ,stress Newton per meter square N/m 2 Derived quantity

12. Important Conversion For Length 1 mile =1.6 km 1 yard =3 feet 1 km =1000 m 1m =100 cm 1cm= 10 mm 1inch =2.54 cm 1 foot =30.4 cm For Mass 1kg= 1000 grams 1pound (lb)=0.45 kg For volume 1 litre = 1 /1000 m 3 1 litre = 1000 c m 3 For Time 1 hour =3600 sec 1 min = 60 sec 1 day = 24 hours

13. 3.Pre-requisite Review of basics Contents What is fluid and solid ? Difference between soild,liquid and gas What is Fluid Mechanics ?

14. Differentiate between a solid and fluid Substance - Three Phases Difference between solid and fluid is made on basis When applied a shear force on substance then it does not deformed called as Solid When applied a shear force on substance then it deformed called as liquid .Here shear stress is proportional to shear strain

15. Difference between Solid, liquid and gases

16. Fluid – a substance that continually deforms (flows) under applied shear stress Mechanics – science concerned with behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces Fluid Mechanics – the science that deals with the behaviour of fluids at rest (fluid statics) or fluids in motion (fluid dynamics), and their subsequent effects on the surrounding environment WHAT IS FLUID MECHANICS?

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