Introduction to pharmacy profession (CG)

Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links health sciences with pharmaceutical sciences and natural sciences.

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Introduction to
Pharmacy
By
Chhavi Gupta
M.Pharm

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Who is pharmacist?
Pharmacistsarehealth professionalswho
practice the science ofpharmacy. In their
traditional role, pharmacists typically take a
request formedicinesfrom a prescribing health
care provider in the form of amedical
prescription, evaluate the appropriateness of the
prescription, dispense the medication to
thepatientand counsel them on the proper use
and adverse effects of that medication.

3. K.SAMINATHAN. M.pharm, M.B.A,( P.hD)
Allianze college of medical sciences
3

4. K.SAMINATHAN. M.pharm, M.B.A,( P.hD)
Allianze college of medical sciences
4

5. K.SAMINATHAN. M.pharm, M.B.A,( P.hD)
Allianze college of medical sciences
5

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What is drug?
Inpharmacology, a drug is "achemicalsubstance
used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or
diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance
physical or mental well-being.“
Apharmaceutical drug, also referred to
asmedicine,medicationormedicament, can be
loosely defined as anychemical substanceintended
for use in themedical diagnosis,cure,treatment,
orpreventionofdisease

7. K.SAMINATHAN. M.pharm, M.B.A,( P.hD)
Allianze college of medical sciences
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Pharmacy
(from the Greek 'pharmakon' = drug/medicine)
It is the health profession that links
the health sciences with the
chemical sciences, and it is charged
with ensuring the safe and effective
use of pharmaceuticaldrugs.

9. K.SAMINATHAN. M.pharm, M.B.A,( P.hD)
Allianze college of medical sciences
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Pharmacy (XIV century)

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The field of Pharmacy can generally be
divided into three primary disciplines
1. pharmaceutics
2. Medicinal chemistry
and
Pharmacognosy
3. Pharmacy practice

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COMMUNITY PHARMACY
Community pharmacies usually consist of a retail storefront with a dispensary
where medications are stored and dispensed
All pharmacies are required to have a pharmacist on-duty at all times when open.
It is also a requirement that the owner of a pharmacy must be a registered pharmacist
19th century Italian pharmacy Modern pharmacy in Norway

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HOSPITAL PHARMACY
A hospital pharmacy is concerned with pharmacy service to all types of hospital and
differs considerably from a community pharmacy.
Hospital pharmacies can usually be found within the premises of the hospital.
Hospital pharmacies usually stock a larger range of medications, including more
specialized and investigational medications
A retail pharmacy located inside a
hospital

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AUTOMATED DISPENCING TECHNOLOGY
IN THE HOSPITAL PHARMACY

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Clinicalpharmacistsprovidedirectpatientcareservicesthat
optimizestheuseofmedicationandpromoteshealth,
wellness,anddiseaseprevention
CLINICAL PHARMACY
ClinicalpharmacyisthebranchofPharmacywhere
pharmacistsprovidepatientcarethatoptimizestheuseof
medicationandpromoteshealth,wellnessanddisease
prevention
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy which deals with
various aspect of patient care, dispensing of drugs and
advising patient on the safe and rational use of drug.

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Basic components of clinical pharmacy practice:
Prescribing drugs
Dispensing and administering drugs
Documenting professional services
Reviewing drug use
Communication
Counseling
Consulting
Scope of clinical pharmacy:
Drug Distribution Systems
Drug Information
Drug Utilization
Drug Evaluation and Selection
Medication Therapy Management
Formal Education and Training Program
Disease State Management

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COMPOUNDING PHARMACY
Compoundingisthemixingofdrugsbya
pharmacist,physician,orveterinariantofitthe
uniqueneedsofapatient.
This may be done for medically necessary reasons,
such as to change the form of the medication from a
solid pill to a liquid
It may also be done for voluntary reasons, such as
adding favorite flavors to a medication
Compounding is the practice of preparing drugs in
new forms.

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Aconsultantpharmacistisaspecialized
pharmacist.Themainprincipleofconsultant
pharmacyisPharmaceuticalcare.
CONSULTANT PHARMACIST
particularlythoseininstitutionalsettingssuchas
nursinghomes.TermdevelopedbyHeplerand
Strandin1990.

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Online pharmacies are pharmacies which operate
over the Internet.
Many such pharmacies are, in some ways, similar to
community pharmacies;
INTERNET PHARMACY
OR
ONLINE PHARMACY
The primary difference is the method by which the
medications are requested and received.
Some customers consider this to be more
convenient than traveling to a community drugstore.

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VETERINARY PHARMACY
Veterinarypharmacies,sometimescalledanimal
pharmaciesmayfallinthecategoryofhospitalpharmacy,
retailpharmacyormail-orderpharmacy.
Veterinary pharmacies stock different varieties and different
strengths of medications to fulfill the pharmaceutical needs of
animals
Becausetheneedsofanimalsaswellastheregulations
onveterinarymedicineareoftenverydifferentfromthose
relatedtopeople,veterinarypharmacyisoftenkept
separatefromregularpharmacies.

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NUCLEAR PHARMACY
NuclearPharmacyinvolvesthepreparationof
radioactivematerialsthatwillbeusedtodiagnose
andtreatspecificdiseases.
Itwasthefirstpharmacyspecialtyestablishedin
1978bytheBoardofPharmaceuticalSpecialties.
Nuclearpharmacyseekstoimproveandpromote
healththroughthesafeandeffectiveuseof
radioactivedrugsfornotonlydiagnosisbutalso
therapy.

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Militarypharmacyisanentirelydifferent
workingenvironmentduetothefactthat
techniciansperformmostdutiesthatina
civiliansectorwouldbeillegal.
MILITARY PHARMACY
StatelawsofTechnicianpatientcounseling
andmedicationcheckingbyapharmacistdo
notapply.

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PHARMACY INFORMATICS
Pharmacyinformaticsisthecombinationofpharmacy
practicescienceandappliedinformationscience.
Asapracticeareaandspecialistdomain,pharmacy
informaticsisgrowingquicklytomeettheneedsofmajor
nationalandinternationalpatientinformationprojectsand
healthsysteminteroperabilitygoals.Pharmacistsarewell
trainedtoparticipateinmedicationmanagementsystem
development,deploymentandoptimization.
Pharmacyinformaticistsworkinmanypracticeareasof
pharmacy,however,theymayalsoworkininformation
technologydepartmentsorforhealthcareinformation
technologyvendorcompanies.

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Separation of prescribing from dispensing
Thesejurisdictionsalsousuallyspecifythat
onlypharmacistsmaysupplyscheduled
pharmaceuticalstothepublic,andthat
pharmacists cannot form business
partnershipswithphysiciansorgivethem
"kickback"payments.
Inmostjurisdictions(suchastheUnited
States),pharmacistsareregulatedseparately
fromphysicians.

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However,theAmericanMedicalAssociation
(AMA)CodeofEthicsprovidesthatphysicians
maydispensedrugswithintheiroffice
practicesaslongasthereisnopatient
exploitationandpatientshavetherighttoa
writtenprescriptionthatcanbefilled
elsewhere.
7to10percentofAmericanphysicians
practicesreportedlydispensedrugsontheir
own.

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Inotherjurisdictions(particularlyinAsian
countriessuchasChina,Malaysia,and
Singapore),doctorsareallowedtodispense
drugsthemselves..
In Canada it is common for a medical clinic
and a pharmacy to be located together and for
the ownership in both enterprises to be
common, but licensed separately
Thepracticeofpharmacyissometimes
integratedwiththatofthephysician,
particularlyintraditionalChinesemedicine.

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The mortar and pestle, an
internationally recognized
symbol to represent the
pharmacy profession
Recipe symbol

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The Bowl of Hygeia which
is often used in the
Netherlands
The green Greek Cross used in Spain,
Argentina, France, Poland, the United
Kingdom and other countries

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The red stylized "A" used in
Germany
Caduceus (used erroneously)

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Rod of Asclepius Hanging Show Globe

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Healthscienceorbiomedical
scienceistheappliedscience
dealingwithhealth
(Appliedscienceistheapplicationof
scientificknowledgetransferredintoa
physicalenvironment)

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Chemicalscienceisthe
scienceconcernedwiththe
composition, behavior,
structure,andpropertiesof
matter,aswellasthechanges
itundergoesduringchemical
reactions

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Pharmaceutics deals with the
formulation of a pure drug
substance into a dosage form
A dosage form (DF) is the physical
form of a dose of a chemical
compound used as a drug or
medication intended for
administration or consumption

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Medicinalorpharmaceuticalchemistryisa
disciplineattheintersectionofchemistryand
pharmacology involved with designing,
synthesizinganddevelopingpharmaceutical
drugs
(Pharmacology
is the study
of drug action)

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Pharmacy practice is the discipline of pharmacy which
involves developing the professional roles of
pharmacists.
Types of pharmacy practice areas
1 Community pharmacy
2 Hospital pharmacy
3 Clinical pharmacy
4 Compounding pharmacy
5 Consultant pharmacy
6 Internet pharmacy
7 Veterinary pharmacy
8 Nuclear pharmacy
9 Military pharmacy
10 Pharmacy informatics

38. K.SAMINATHAN. M.pharm, M.B.A,( P.hD)
Allianze college of medical sciences
38