Introduction to Science

Year 9 Introduction to Science

1. Introduction To Science Year 9 GB

2. SLOs

3. List Safety Rules for working in Science Laboratories SLO

4. What is Science?

5. What is Science Why do we need a special room to learn about Science? Why do we need rules in order to work safely in a laboratory? List five safety rules. Complete page 7 of Scipad What is Science?

6. What should we do if: A chemical gets in your eyes? Wash with lots of water Tell the teacher If someone cuts themselves? Cover, apply pressure, elevate Tell teacher If someone burns themselves? Run under cold water for at least ten minutes Tell the teacher If you spill a chemical? Tell the teacher First Aid

7. Identify safety hazard symbols SLO

8. What are some common everyday symbols? Why do we have symbols? Complete page 8. Symbols

9. Draw laboratory equipment in a scientific manner Identify common laboratory equipment SLO

10. Pencil Straight lines Label diagrams No sketching or shading Heading needs to describe what is being drawn 2D only Drawing in Science

11. Name Diagram Use Location Bunsen Burner Cupboard under sink at back Tripod Gauze Mat Board Test Tube Rack Conical Flask Chemicals Test tube cleaners Boiling tubes Naming Game

12. Name Diagram Use Location Test tube Thermometer Stirring rod Spatula Tongs Test tube holders Funnels Dropper Petri dish Beaker Naming Game

13. Complete page 9 - 11 of Sci pad Complete worksheets Success Criteria

14. Label parts of a Bunsen Burner Demonstrate how to safely use a Bunsen Burner Carry out a simple experiment using a Bunsen Burner SLO

15. Lighting a Bunsen

16. Flames

17. Aim: To find out which flame is hotter, blue or orange. Equipment: 250ml beaker, measuring cylinder, stop watch, Gauze mat, board, tripod, Bunsen burner, safety glasses Method: Put 100ml of cold water into a 250ml beaker Time how long it takes to boil, (bubble), using a blue flame (air hole open) Repeat using fresh water and an orange flame (air hole closed) Which Flame is hotter?

18. Results: Conclusion: __________ flame is the hottest and should be used for heating. An open air hole allows more oxygen into the Bunsen, combustion (burning) needs oxygen. Flame Time Taken to Boil Blue Flame Orange Flame

19. Aim: To investigate different parts of a Bunsen Burner flame Equipment: Copper wire, Bunsen, board, stop watch Tongs Method: Hold the cold copper wire at the top of the barrel, time how long it takes to glow red hot, observe and record where it glows Repeat at three points in both blue and orange flame How Hot is the Flame?

20. Results: Flame Wire Position Time 1 2 3 Av Location Orange Top Orange Middle Orange Bottom Blue Top Blue Middle Blue Bottom

21. Conclusion: The hottest flame is __________ and the hottest location is _______________.

22. Complete worksheets Complete Scipad pages 12-15 Success Criteria

23. Activity Observations Shaking a test tube 2ml water 1 spatula of potassium permanganate Heating a solid using Tongs Magnesium ribbon + heat DO NOT LOOK DIRECTLY AT LIGHT Heating a solid in a boiling tube 1 spatula load of copper sulphate crystals 4. Heating a liquid in a boiling tube 2ml Glucose solution 5 drops Benedict's solution Heating a liquid in an evaporating basin 20ml sea water Laboratory Skills See pages 10-12 Science World 9 for detailed instructions

24. Measure volume and length accurately Read Scales accurately SLO

25. List all the things we can measure: Length Width Height Weight Mass Time Volume Temperature Force Speed Measuring

26.   Tool Unit Things to measure Length or width   Centimetre cm, Metre, m   Volume     Amount of liquid in a cup. Mass Scales         Degrees Celsius   Time     Time it takes to run 100 m. Measuring

27.   Tool Unit Things to measure Length or width   Ruler Centimetre cm, Metre, m   Your height Volume   Measuring Cylinder   ml, L, Amount of liquid in a cup. Mass Scales   mg, g, Kg, tonnes   mass of a brick   Temperature   Thermometer Degrees Celsius   Temp of a liquid Time   Stop watch, clock, calendar   sec, min, hours, days, months, years Time it takes to run 100 m. Measuring

28. Meniscus

29. Item Equipment Measurement Unit Length of workbook Height of work bench Volume of water held in a full boiling tube Mass of your biro pen Your Mass Time it takes to do 5 sit ups Measuring Practical

30. Item Equipment Measurement Unit Length of workbook Ruler 30-31 cm Height of work bench Ruler 87-89 cm Volume of water held in a full boiling tube Measuring cylinder 55-57 ml Mass of your biro pen Scales g Your Mass Scales Kg Time it takes to do 5 sit ups Stop watch 5.66 Sec Measuring Practical

31. H ow reliable, valid , accurate  are your results? H ow could you have improved reliability, accuracy and validity ? Complete round robin measuring practical's Complete Scipad 17-19 Read pages 24-26 Science World 9 Complete Questions in Science World 9 pages 28-30 Tasks

32. Process, interpret and report using appropriate data techniques and convections SLO

33. Independent variable (that which you purposefully change) is in the left column , D ependent variable (that which you measure) with the different trials is in the next columns , Average at the end (add up values and divide by how many values there are) Title: Clearly state the purpose of the experiment, headings need to have units Tables Average

34. I wanted to know who had bigger feet, boys or girls: Draw a table to put the results in and calculate the average foot size for both boys and girls in cm. Collect the data Calculate the average Who has bigger feet? Complete Questions 5, and 2 on page 33 of text book Task

35. http:// www.kscience.co.uk/animations/graph4.htm Graphs must have: Title Labelled axis Units Ruled lines Even spacing Graphs

36. Draw a table and collect the following information: Number of people with, blue, green, brown, other eyes in the class Now graph your data, this is a bar graph Complete page 20-21 Sci pad Complete sci pad page 22 Temperature of water every minute as it is heated with a blue flame over until boiling Now graph your data, this is a line graph Success Criteria

37. Explain the differences between observations, inferences, and predictions Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative measurements and observations SLO

38. We observe using our 5 senses: Sight Sound Touch Smell Taste (only if specifically told you can eat in a lab) Observing

39. Activity Observations Bubble oxygen into limewater 2. Add hydrochloric acid to Magnesium strip Add 1 spatula of sodium thiosulphate crystals to a test tube Half fill with water and shake 4. Make a thumb and index finger print Look at page 19 to classify 5. Put two drops of ethanol onto your hand, blow on it. Observing Practical's Remember for each: smell, listen, feel, look

40. Activity Observations 6. Add two drops of iodine to starch solution 7. Add 1 ml of potassium iodide to 2ml of lead nitrate 8. Put 2ml of sulphuric acid into a test tube, add 6 drops of universal indicator, then add 3ml of sodium hydroxide 9. Put one drop of each solution onto your tongue , identify the taste 10. Smell each bottle carefully, identify each smell Remember for each: smell, listen, feel, look

41. Quantitative data – can be measured, counted Qualitative data – information is described using words Observations – watching very carefully, using all senses Prediction – Using observations and evidence to guess the future or result Inference – using prior knowledge and reasoning to guess the future or a result and NOT observations Definitions

42. Complete questions page 22-23 Science World 9 Task

43. Communicate using appropriate scientific language, formats and systems SLO

44. http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/scientificmethod.html Scientific Method

45. Aim/Purpose – what you are trying to find out Equipment – gear you are going to need Hypothesis – the results you expect Method – steps and diagram - independent variables – thing you change - dependent variables - result you record - controlled variables – keep same to make fair test Results – data and graph, averages, percentages, calculations Conclusion – answers aim and refers to hypothesis Discussion – links your results with scientific ideas Evaluation – what went well, what and how you could have improved the experiment, how reliable the results are Experimental Format

46. Complete page 22 Scipad Write a plan to test who can run the fastest in the class, boys or girls Copy and complete question 3 page 33 of Year 9 Science World Complete questions Answers only 1-5 pages 32-33 Tasks

47. In order for an experiments results to be valid the experiment must have been carried out fairly: Measurements taken accurately Experiment repeated Conditions controlled so that only one thing changes Sufficient information is collected Sufficient details (including a diagram) are recorded Fair Tests

48. Independent Variable = thing you change Dependent Variable = results you record Controlled variables = things you keep the same to make it a fair test Variables;

49. If we wanted to test to see if Drive or Surf is a better washing powder what would our: Independent Variable be (thing we change)? Brand of washing powder Dependent Variable be (thing we record): Measure stain size/weight or colour (using a colour chart) Controlled Variables be (things we need to keep the same): Amount of water in wash, amount of powder, size of stain, type of clothing, washing cycle, water temperature, type of stain Washing Powder

50. Aim: Which ball bounces highest Hypothesis : The _________ ball will bounce the highest Equipment: tennis ball, ping pong ball, golf ball, metre ruler Method: Independent Variable: Ball type Dependent Variable: Height of bounce, (cm) Controlled Variables: Height drop ball from, surface it hits, force released with, same person dropping it Fair Test 1

51. Method: Step 1: Drop first ball from 20 cm height (bottom of ball) Step 2: Measure from top of ball in cm the height it bounces too . Step 3: Repeat three times for each type of ball

52. Results: Graph: Bounce height of Balls Height ball bounced (cm) Ball Type Ball Type Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average (cm) Tennis Ball Ping pong Ball Golf ball

53. Conclusion: ____________ bounced the highest. This is because . . . Contains a rubber centre which absorbs and then releases the energy gained when falling. The hypothesis was correct/incorrect. Evaluation: The experiment was accurate because . . . (measurements) Used a ruler and appropriate scale, were careful and took time when reading ruler. The experiment was reliable because … (things you kept the same and how many times you did it) The experiment was repeated, same method for each ball, controlled variables, method could be repeated by someone else and they would get the same results. In order to improve the experiment . . . More repeats, video and slow it to take bounce height measurement, machine to drop ball,

54. Aim: Which cup keeps water warmest Hypothesis : Equipment: Method: Independent Variable: Cup type Dependent Variable: Time water took to drop 5’C or Temperature drops in 2 minutes Controlled Variables: Cup size, amount of water, temperature of water at start Fair Test 2

55. Method: Step 1: Heat 50ml of water over a Bunsen until it reaches 35’C Pour into cup, record temperature Step 2: Record time taken to drop 10 degrees . Or Record temperature after 5 minutes. Step 3: Repeat three times for each type of cup

56. Results: Graph: Insulating capacity of cups Time taken to drop 10’C (min) Cup Type Cup Type Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average (min) Temperature change after 5 Mins Plastic Polystyrene

57. Conclusion: ____________ kept the water warmest for longest. This is because . . . The hypothesis was correct/incorrect. Evaluation: The experiment was accurate because . . . The experiment was reliable because … In order to improve the experiment . . .

58. Complete workbook pages 7-8 Complete bouncing ball practical on page 32 of Science World 9 Copy main ideas on page 34 Complete Test yourself pages 34-35 Success Criteria

59. Solute – solid part, sugar Solvent – liquid part, water Solution – made up of solid and liquid part, cordial Solutions

60. Concentrated: Lots of solute, more solid you add more concentrated a solution becomes Dilute: Lots of solvent, not much solute, more liquid you add more diluted a solution becomes Complete Scipad potassium permanganate investigation on page 33. Concentration

61. Solubility relates to how much solid can be dissolved into a solution. Soluble – means a solid can be dissolved and mix into a liquid, eg sugar Insoluble – means a solid will not dissolve or mix into a liquid eg rocks Complete Scipad Investigation into Solubility on page 32 Teaspoon of Baking soda/salt – 2g Solubility

62. When no more solid will dissolve into a liquid the solution is said to be Saturated ! Complete practical page 35 Scipad on Saturation Saturation

63. Mixture – made up of more than one chemical and can be separated physically. http ://activities.macmillanmh.com/science/ ca / scienceinmotion /Common/ SIM.html?Module =../Grade5/Chapter7-SeparatingMixtures / Page 28 Sci pad Separating Mixtures

64. Filtration Sieving Gravity separation Distillation and Condensation Crystallization and Evaporation Froth flotation Magnetic separation Chromatography Centrifuging Separating Mixtures

65. Evaporation: Heating a solution until the solvent turns from a liquid to a gas, leaving behind the solute. Complete Sci pad Practical Separating Solutions page 36 Evaporation

66. Distillation The solution is heated until it boils. The liquid with the lowest boiling point boils first and becomes a gas . Complete Sci pad Practical Distillation and Condensing pages 38-39 Distillation

67. Chromatography . a method for analyzing mixtures by separating them into the chemicals from which they are made. Complete Sci pad pages 40-41 Chromatography Chromatography

68. Filtration . This separates a solid from a liquid through the use of a porous material as a filter . Scipad page 29 – separating solids and liquids Filtration

69. Magnetism: Using a magnet to remove metals from a mixture. Magnetism

70. Complete cut and past Complete pages 28, 28-30 31, 37, 42-47, Scipad Read pages 67-75 Science World 9 Complete Questions page 76 Science World 9 (do not do question 1, do challenges as well) Success Criteria