introduction to software engineering and importance

Software Engineering (SE) is the systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. It applies engineering principles to software to ensure quality and reliability.

1. Introduction to Software Engineering The Discipline, Importance, and Applications Dr. Shalini Gambhir Department of Computer Science & Engineering August 25, 2025 Dr. Shalini Gambhir ( CSE) Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 1 / 18

2. Life Without Software? Life Without Software? ATMs stop working Flights grounded Hospitals lose records Phones become useless bricks Dr. Shalini Gambhir ( CSE) Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 2 / 18

3. Fantastic Start Life Without Software? ATMs stop working Flights grounded Hospitals lose records Phones become useless bricks Key Idea Software = Oxygen of the Digital Age ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 2 / 18

4. What is Software Engineering? A systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to software development Goes beyond just “coding” Ensures reliability, scalability, maintainability ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 3 / 18

5. What is Software Engineering? A systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to software development Goes beyond just “coding” Ensures reliability, scalability, maintainability Analogy Coding = Making a sandwich for yourself Software Engineering = Running a restaurant that serves millions ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 3 / 18

6. History: Software Crisis Term “Software Engineering” introduced at NATO Conference, 1968 The term Software Crisis was coined in 1968 at the NATO Conference . Projects were failing left and right—over budget, delayed, unreliable. Sounds familiar? Even today, we face app crashes, buggy updates, and poor user experiences. Projects were failing: Over budget Late delivery Unreliable systems Still relevant today: app crashes, bugs, poor UX ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 4 / 18

7. Real Cases: NASA Mars Climate Orbiter (1999): Lost due to a simple unit mismatch – $327M gone! Denver Airport Baggage System (1995): A software mess caused years of delays and millions in extra costs. Y2K Bug (2000): A tiny oversight in date storage nearly caused global systems to collapse.”

8. Why is Software Engineering Important? Scale → WhatsApp handles 100+ billion messages/day Cost of Failures → $ 2.08 trillion lost globally (2020) Teamwork → Projects require 100s–1000s of engineers Quality & Safety → Banking, healthcare, aviation bugs can be fatal scale matters. WhatsApp handles 100+ billion messages every single day . The cost of failures? In 2020 alone, global software failures cost $2.08 trillion . That’s bigger than the GDP of most countries! And in industries like banking, aviation, and healthcare-bad software can even be fatal ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 5 / 18

9. Real-World Failures (Case Studies) Ariane 5 Rocket Explosion (1996) – $ 370M lost Knight Capital (2012) – $ 440M lost in 45 minutes Mars Climate Orbiter (1999) – $ 327M lost due to unit error ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 6 / 18

10. Real-World Failures (Case Studies) Ariane 5 Rocket Explosion (1996) – $ 370M lost Knight Capital (2012) – $ 440M lost in 45 minutes Mars Climate Orbiter (1999) – $ 327M lost due to unit error Key Idea Bad software engineering is very expensive! ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 6 / 18

11. Teamwork & Process Software lone coders Modern methods → Agile, Scrum, DevOps Collaboration tools: Git, Jira, CI/CD Gone are the days of lone coders. Modern software requires teams of 100s or 1000s. We use processes like Waterfall, Agile, Spiral . Agile, for example, breaks work into 2-4 week sprints with customer feedback. That’s why your favorite apps update so frequently! ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 7 / 18

12. Importance for Safety & Security Healthcare → Misdiagnosis risk if code faulty Aviation → Bugs in autopilot can risk lives Banking → Millions lost due to a single bug In healthcare, a bug in a diagnostic system can risk lives. In aviation, a small autopilot error can endanger hundreds of passengers. In banking, millions can vanish with a single wrong line of code. That’s why we say: Software Engineering ensures trust & safety ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 8 / 18

13. Importance for Safety & Security Healthcare → Misdiagnosis risk if code faulty Aviation → Bugs in autopilot can risk lives Banking → Millions lost due to a single bug Conclusion Software engineering ensures trust & safety ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 8 / 18

14. Software Applications Overview Where is software used? Business Science & Engineering Embedded Systems AI & Data Entertainment ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 9 / 18

15. Business Applications E- commerce, Banking, ERP Systems Amazon handles 600M+ product listings Online payments & UPI driving digital economy ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 10 / 18

16. Scientific & Engineering Applications NASA simulations, weather forecasting, space research Boeing 787 → 6.5M lines of code Medical imaging & diagnostics rely heavily on software ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 11 / 18

17. Embedded Systems Found in cars, washing machines, IoT devices Modern cars → 100M+ lines of code Everyday appliances run software silently ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 12 / 18

18. AI & Data Applications Machine Learning, Chatbots, Recommenders Netflix saves $ 1B/year using AI Healthcare AI → early disease detection ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 13 / 18

19. Entertainment & Media Video games, AR/VR, Streaming platforms GTA V → 80,000 lines of AI code just for NPCs YouTube & Spotify → AI- driven personalization ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 14 / 18

20. Future of Software Engineering AI- assisted development (Copilot, ChatGPT for coding) Quantum computing → new possibilities Smart cities, autonomous vehicles, Industry 5.0 ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 15 / 18

21. Future of Software Engineering AI- assisted development (Copilot, ChatGPT for coding) Quantum computing → new possibilities Smart cities, autonomous vehicles, Industry 5.0 Key Idea Software engineers = digital architects of the future ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 15 / 18

22. Recap Software Engineering = Discipline, not just coding Prevents failures, ensures quality, saves cost Applications in business, science, embedded, AI, entertainment Engineers = backbone of modern life ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 16 / 18

23. Interactive Wrap- Up Questions for You: Which software failure surprised you the most? Can you name 3 places where software works silently? Will AI replace engineers, or empower them? ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 17 / 18

24. Closing Thought “Software Engineers are not just coders. They are the builders of the digital civilization.” ter Science & Engineering) Dr. Shalini Gambhir (Department of Compu Introduction to Software Engineering August 25, 2025 18 / 18