Introduction to sun protection, classification of sunscreens and SPF

Sun protection factor (SPF) is a measure of how well sunscreen protects the skin from harmful UV (ultraviolet) rays from the sun. It shows the level of protection against UVB rays, which are the cause of sunburn and cancer.

1. Sun protection, Sunscreens, and SPF Presented by:- Shraddha U. Gondhale Subject Name – Cosmetic Science Guide Name – Chandrashekhar M. Chakole Bajiraoji Karanjekar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli, Dist.- Bhandara M.S. – 441802 Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University

2. Contents Introduction to sun protection SPF ( Sun protection factor) Sunscreen classification Exploring efficacy of SPF 13-50 sunscreens High protection with SPF 30-50 Ideal sunscreen characters Important sunscreen agents

3. Introduction to sun protection Sun protection is an important aspect of maintaining healthy skin and also prevents various skin-related issues caused by exposure to UV radiation by the sun. Sunlight is essential for the synthesis of vitamin D but overexposure to sun may cause sunburn and an increased rate of skin cancer.

4. The major and most commonly used method for sun protection is: SUNSCREEN- Sunscreen protects against sunburn and skin damage. It contains active ingredients that absorb UV radiation. Sun protection is important for several reasons: - Prevention of sunburn - Reduced risk of skin cancer - Prevention of premature aging -Maintenance of skin damage - Prevention of eye damage -Prevention of sun allergies etc.

5. Sunscreen products are classified according to their sun protection factor (SPF), which indicates the level of protection against UVB rays. Good sunscreens provide general protection, protect the skin from UVA and UVB rays, and protect against sunburn and heart stroke. UVB and UVA radiations UV radiation is categorized into UVA and UVB. UVA rays penetrate deep into the skin, causing aging While UVB rays primarily contribute to sunburn and cause skin cancer.

6. Sun protection factor (SPF) SPF measures a sunscreen’s ability to protect the skin from UVB rays. The higher the SPF value, the more protected you are from the sun and its effects on the skin. SPF generally measures the level of protection against UVB rays. SPF indicates the level of protection against UVB rays, with higher numbers signifying increased protection. Higher SPF values provide more protection; For example, SPF 30 blocks 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 blocks 98%, indicating that a higher SPF provides better protection.

7. Chemical Sunscreens : These sunscreens contain organic (carbon-based) compounds that absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin. Examples of active ingredients in chemical sunscreens include avobenzone, octocrylene, and oxybenzone. Physical (Mineral) Sunscreens: These sunscreens contain inorganic substances (minerals) such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide and blocks or disperse UV rays on the skin. Preparations containing one or more of the following: para-aminobenzoic acid, benzophenone, cinnamate, salicylate. Sun-screen classification

8. Exploring efficacy of SPF 15-30 sunscreens Moderate protection against UVB rays Suitable for everyday use Protection for shorter sun exposure periods Reapplication every 2 hours.

9. High protection against UVB rays Ideal for extended outdoor activities High protection with SPF 30-50

10. SPF+ very high protection SPF 50 offers very high protection against UVB rays, providing a robust shield against harmful sun protection. SPF 50 is recommended for individuals in regions with intense sun exposure ensuring comprehensive protection. Suitable for people with fair skin and those prone to sunburn, offering an effective defense in intense sunlight.

11. IDEAL SUN-SCREEN CHARACTERS Broad spectrum protection High SPF Water resistance Non-comedogenic Fragrance-free Hypoallergenic Non-greasy or lightweight Quick absorption Contains skin-nourishing Ingredients Dermatologist recommended Long-lasting

12. Important sunscreen agents PABA( para-amino benzoic acid) - Effective in UVB range(200-320nm) PABA esters -it may penetrate less effectively than PABA Benzophenones -Slightly less effective than PABA Cinnamates and Salicylates - Absorbs UVB spectrum, minimally effective

13. When to re-apply sun-screen?

14. Reference: 1.Nanda, S., Nanda, A., & Khar, R. (2022). Cosmetic Technology. Birla Publication. 2. Mittal, B. M., & Saha, R. N. (2000). A Handbook Of Cosmetics. Delhi: Delhi Vallabh Prakashan , 90. 3.Pathak, K., Vaidya, A. (2019) Cosmetic Science concepts and principles. Nirali Prakashan , 7.2-7.3.

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