Introduction to textile fiber

Introduction to textile fiber

1. FIBER AND YARN SCIENCE UNIT – 1, TOPIC - 1 DATE : 13/10/2020 R.MALATHY HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF FASHION DESIGNING SRM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

2. LECTURE ON INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILE FIBERS

3. Introduction A textile is flexible material consisting of network of natural or artificial fiber often referred to as thread or yarn. fibers is defined as unit of matter characterized by flexibility, fineness, and a high ratio of length to thickness. Fabric refers to any material made through weaving, knitting, crocheting, or bonding . Apparel is anything that one puts on ones body. Clothing, shoes, hats, globes, & scarves are example of apparel items

4. Definition of Fiber and Textile fiber s Fiber: It is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of the tissues of a plant or animal or other substances that are very small in diameter in relation to there length. Fibres have been defined by the Textile Institute as units of matter characterized by : flexibility, fineness high ratio of length to thickness .

5. C o n t… Other characteristics might be added, if the fibre is to be of any use for general textile purposes, a sufficiently high temperature stability and a certain minimum strength and moderate extensibility. The characteristic dimensions of fibres are the basis of their use and need to be stressed: individual fibres (or elements of a continuous filament) weigh only a few micrograms their length/width ratio is at least 1000:1 It is the basic structural element of textile products. It is a smallest textile component which is microscopic hair like substance that may be manmade or natural .

6. Textile Fiber: Textile fiber has some characteristics which differ between fiber to Textile fiber . Textile fiber can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster. Banana fiber is one kind of fiber but it is not a textile fiber. Because it can not fill up the above properties. So we can say that all fiber are not textile fiber.

7. C o n t… ordinary textile fibres must be, at least partly, elastic up to breaking extensions between 5 and 50%. This is an unusual intermediate range of extensibility, since glasses and crystalline solids are less extensible, whereas rubbers are much more extensible. A remarkable fact is that almost all the general textile fibre market is met by six polymer types: the natural polymers, cellulose and proteins, the synthetic (manufactured) polymers, polyamide, polyester, polyolefin and vinyl (including acrylic).