INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD RELIGIONS & BELIEF SYSTEM

Hinduism as a Subject of the Study

1. Lesson 8 Dharmic Religion: Hinduism

2. a. b. c. Learning Objectives: trace the brief history of Hinduism; discuss the core teaching, practices and belief of Hinduism; identify the different issues of Hinduism religion.

3. Hinduism - is the world’s third largest religion with around 15% of the entire population practicing the Hindu faith .

4. Hinduism - Hindu followers in India comprise the major bulk with almost 80% of the country’s population adhering to the religion.

5. Hinduism - considered as the oldest and most complex of all world’s religions.

6. Hinduism - unlike other major religions, Hinduism had no one identifiable founder .

7. Movies: The Suicide Squad Rambo Guardians of the Galaxy Sylvester Stallone

8. Movies: Leave the World Behind Wonder Closer Julia Roberts

9. Movies: Aladdin Men in Black (MIB) The Suicide Squad Will Smith

10. Movies: Iron Man The Avengers Spiderman Homecoming Robert Downey Jr .

11. Songs: Flowers Angels Like You Wrecking Ball Miley Cyrus

12. Songs: Crazy for you Material World Take a Bow Madonna

13. Brief History of Hinduism

14. Hinduism - The term Hindu originated from Persian word hindu (in Sanskrit sindhu ) which means “river”. It also refers to the people of Hindus Valley-the Indian .

15. Hinduism - The name Hinduism was given in the nineteenth century to describe the wide array of belief systems in India.

16. Hinduism - Hinduism was originally known as “Arya Dharma” or the “Arya Way.”

17. Hinduism - the foundations of Hinduism may have originated from the custom of the early peoples of the Indus Valley around 2500 B.C.E to 1500 B.C.E .

18. Hinduism - Dravidians , and from the Aryans who invaded northwest India around 1500 B.C.E.

19. Hinduism - Between 1750 B.C.E and 1200 B.C.E., Aryans conqueror moved to the Indus Valley and brought with them their own set of beliefs that eventually mingled with the religion of the natives.

20. Hinduism - They brought their set of belief based on oral texts known as Vedas .

21. - the Aryans brought polytheistic religion like that of other Indo-European peoples. The sun, the moon, and storm are personified about the pantheon of god and goddesses worshipped by the Aryans. Fundamental Assumptions about Aryans:

22. - sacrifice was the principal form of worship to the Aryans gods. Offering to gods include animals and dairy product performed on altars in open spaces. Fundamental Assumptions about Aryans:

23. Sacred Scriptures The sacred texts of Hinduism have been principally passed down throughout generation by the way of music, recitation, dance, and drama.

24. Sacred Scriptures Sanskrit has been the language of the earliest writing.

25. Sacred Scriptures SHRUTI SHMRITI

26. 2 Sacred Scriptures - literally means “that which is heard.” Eternal truths – passed down orally . 1. SHRUTI

27. 2 Sacred Scriptures - Other writings that form part of SHRUTI include the Samhitas , Brahmanas , Upanishads and the few Sutras . 1. SHRUTI

28. - means “knowledge” or “sacred lore.” - also known as the earliest Sanskrit Literature from the Brahmic period and oldest scripture of Hinduism. VEDAS

29. - The oldest living religious literature in the World. RIG-VEDA YAJUR-VEDA - “ Knowledge of rites.” - a compilation of materials recited during rituals and sacrifices of deities.

30. - “ Knowledge of Chants” - This book is a collection of verses from the basic hymns recited by priest during sacrifices. SAMA-VEDA

31. - “Knowledge given by Atharva .” - This book contains ritual used in homes and popular prayers to gods. - also contains numerous spells and incantations for medical purposes and magical aids to victory in the battle among others. ATHARVA-VEDA

32. 2 Sacred Scriptures - means “that which has been remembered.” - These writings serve to reinforce shruti and are interpreted by sages and scholars alike. 2. SHMRITI

33. 2 Sacred Scriptures - such as stories and legends, codes of conduct for society, and guidebooks for worships. 2. SHMRITI

34. - Translated as the story of Rama or Rama’s Journey is a Sanskrit epic poem. RAMAYANA MAHABARATA - Composed of around hundred thousand verses making it the word’s longest poem.

35. - Translated as “the Lord’s Song . The Gita instruct any person that one may reach god through devotion, knowledge, or selfless action. Human must do their duty or dharma whatever it may be whatever result it could produce. BHAGADA GITA

36. DEVOTION TO TRIMUTRI

37. - the creator , though widely respected and recognized as the creator of the universe , Brahma receives the least attention among the Trimurti . BRAHMA

38. - the preserver, known as a god of love, benevolence, and forgiveness . Vishnu primary concern is Humanity itself. VISHNU

39. - the destroyer and the god of death, destruction and disease , Shiva is third in the trimurti . He is also the god of dance, vegetable, animal, and human reproduction. SHIVA

40. RELATED ISSUES ON HINDUISM

41. - “ Laws of Manu” states that women should be honored in Hindu society, women have always been considered inferior to men in almost all aspects of life. Hinduism and Women

42. - women are expected to perform Sati or Suttee wherein widowed women are expected to jump on the funeral pyre of their husband to prove their loyalty and help save the soul of their life in the afterlife. Hinduism and Women

43. CASTE SYSTEM

44. - One-person belongs to a caste by being born to parents of that caste . - A person’s diet, vocation, residence is dictated by the caste where he or she belongs . CASTE SYSTEM

45. - persons that do not belong to any group. - they are highly ostracized in society. - street sweeper, latrine cleaners, and handlers of the dead. UNTOUCHABLES/ DALITS

46. - The Indian constitution has provided that it is unlawful to discriminate against lowest castes. - Lower caste member is now being elected to key government position . CASTE SYSTEM

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