Introduction-to-Transmission Control.pptx

Introduction to Transmission Control Protocol

1. Introduction to TCP TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, is a fundamental protocol in modern computer networks. It ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data between applications.

2. What is TCP? TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides a reliable and ordered stream of data between applications. It operates at the transport layer of the TCP/IP model. Reliable TCP guarantees that data is delivered without errors or loss. Ordered Data is delivered in the same order it was sent. Connection-Oriented TCP establishes a connection before data transfer, ensuring a stable channel.

3. TCP/IP Model The TCP/IP model is a layered architecture that defines how data is transmitted over a network. TCP operates at the transport layer, providing services for applications to communicate. 1 Application This layer contains applications that use the network, such as web browsers and email clients. 2 Transport This layer is where TCP operates, providing reliable data transfer. 3 Internet This layer handles routing and addressing of data packets. 4 Network Interface This layer handles the physical transmission of data over the network.

4. TCP Handshake The TCP handshake is a three-way process that establishes a connection between two devices. This ensures that both sides are ready to communicate. SYN The initiating device sends a SYN packet to the receiving device. SYN-ACK The receiving device replies with a SYN-ACK packet. ACK The initiating device sends an ACK packet to confirm the connection.

5. TCP Segments Data transmitted over TCP is divided into segments, which are like packets with additional information for reliable delivery. Header Data Source Port Application Data Destination Port Sequence Number Acknowledgment Number Flags Checksum Options

6. TCP Reliability TCP ensures reliable data delivery through mechanisms like acknowledgments, sequence numbers, and checksums. 1 Acknowledgments Each segment received is acknowledged, ensuring the sender knows it arrived. 2 Sequence Numbers Segments are numbered to ensure they are received in the correct order. 3 Checksums Data is checked for errors during transmission. 4 Timeout and Retransmission If an acknowledgment isn't received, the segment is retransmitted after a timeout.

7. TCP Flow Control Flow control prevents the sender from overwhelming the receiver by adjusting the sending rate based on the receiver's capacity. Sliding Window The receiver tells the sender how much data it can accept. The sender only sends data within the window size. Congestion Control TCP monitors network congestion to prevent network overload. It adjusts its sending rate based on network conditions.

8. TCP Applications TCP is used in various applications that require reliable and ordered data transmission. Web Browsing Used to transfer web pages and other internet data. Email Used to send and receive emails. File Transfer Used for reliable transfer of large files. Remote Access Used for remote control and management of computers.