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introtophysics

1. PHYSICS What comes to you mind when you hear the word Physics? What are your impressions in the field? Just like other scholarly field, Physics helped in shaping the modern world

2. Do y ou know the contributions of Physics to humanity? The laws of motion(providing fundamental definitions and concepts to describe motion and derive the origins of interactions between objects in the universe)

3. Do y ou know the contributions of Physics to humanity? Understanding of light, matter, and physical processes

4. Do y ou know the contributions of Physics to humanity? Quantum mechanics (towards inventions leading to the components in a cell phone)

5. Physics is Fun! It is an exciting adventure in the quest to find out patterns in nature and find means of understanding phenomena through careful deductions based on experimental verification. In order to study physics, one requires a sense of discipline. That is, one needs to plan how to study by: - Understanding how one learns. - Finding time to study.

6. Understanding how one learns That is, one needs to plan how to study by: - Understanding how one learns. Everyone is capable of learning Physics especially if one takes advantage of one’s unique way of learning. (Those who learn by listening are good in sitting down and taking notes during lectures; those who learn more by engaging others and questioning can take advantage of discussion sessions in class or group study outside classes.)

7. Finding time to study Finding time to study. Learning requires time. Easy concepts require less time to learn compared to more difficult ones. Therefore, one has to invest more time in topics one finds more difficult. (Do students study Physics every day? Does one need to prepare before attending a class? What are the difficult sections one find?)

8. General Physics I Mechanics and Thermodynamics Mechanics Of Particles, Rigid Bodies, And Fluids; Waves; And Heat And Thermodynamics Using The Methods And Concepts Of Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Graphical Analysis, And Basic Calculus

9. WEEK 1 Units Physical Quantities Measurement Graphical Presentation Linear Fitting of Data Vectors

10. WEEK 2 Kinematics : Motion Along a Straight Line WEEK 3 Kinematics: Motion in 2- Dimensions and 3Dimensions

11. WEEK 4-5 Newton’s Laws of Motion and Applications WEEK 6-7 Work, Energy, and Energy Conservation

12. WEEK 8-9 Center of Mass, Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions WEEK 10 Integration of Data Analysis and Point Mechanics Concepts

13. Performance task 1 Solve, using experimental and theoretical approaches, multiconcept, rich context problems involving measurement, vectors, motions in 1D, 2D, and 3D, Newton’s Laws, work, energy, center of mass, momentum, impulse, and collisions

14. WEEK 11 Rotational equilibrium and rotational dynamics WEEK 12-13 Gravity WEEK 13-14 Periodic Motion

15. WEEK 15 Mechanical Waves and Sound WEEK 16 Fluid Mechanics WEEK 17 Temperature and Heat

16. WEEK 18-19 Ideal Gases and the Laws of Thermodynamics WEEK 20 Integration of Rotational motion, Fluids, Oscillations, Gravity and Thermodynamic Concepts

17. Performance task 2 Solve multiconcept, rich context problems using concepts from rotational motion, fluids, oscillations, gravity, and thermodynamics

18. Units, Physical Quantities, Measurement, Errors and Uncertainties, Graphical Presentation, & Linear Fitting of Data UNIT 1

19. Physical Quantities

20. UNITS Why do we consider Physics as an experimental science? What do physicists perform to test hypothesis? Physics is an experimental science. Physicists perform experiments to test hypotheses.

21. UNITS Where do we derive conclusions in an experiment? What do physicists use to describe measurements? Conclusions in experiment are derived from measurements. And physicists use numbers to describe measurements.

22. UNITS Physical Quantity Compared to a reference standard Such a number is called a physical quantity. However, a physical quantity would make sense to everyone when compared to a reference standard.

23. My height is 1.5 meters. What is used to determine the person’s height? Which is the reference standard? For example, when one says, that his or her height is 1.5 meters, this means that one’s height is 1.5 times a meter stick (or a tape measure that is one meter long). The meter stick is here considered to be the reference standard. Thus, stating that one’s height is 1.5 is not as informative.

24. UNITS Physical Quantity International System or SI ( Système International) Since 1960 the system of units used by scientists and engineers is the “metric system”, which is officially known as the “International System” or SI units (abbreviation for its French term, Système International).

25. UNITS Length Time Mass To make sure that scientists from different parts of the world understand the same thing when referring to a measurement, standards have been defined for measurements of length, time, and mass.

26. Length 1 meter is defined as the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 second. Based on the definition that the speed of light is exactly 299,792,458 m/s.

27. Time 1 second is defined as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the microwave radiation due to the transition between the two lowest energy states of the cesium atom. This is measured from an atomic clock using this transition.

28. Mass 1 kg is defined to be the mass of a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy at the International Bureau of weights and measures ( Sèvres , France).

29. SI Prefixes Prefix Symbol Factor atto a 10- 18 Femto f 10 -15 pico p 10 -12 nano n 10 -9 micro μ 10 -6 milli m 10 -3 centi c 10 -2 deci d 10 -1 deka da 10 hecto h 10 2 kilo k 10 3 mega M 10 6 giga G 10 9 tera T 10 12 peta P 10 15 exa E 10 18

30. Conversion of units British System SI System ( mks ) Length: 1 inch = 2.54 cm Force : 1 pound = 4.448221615260 newtons The second is exactly the same in both the British and the SI system of units

31. Try out: How many inches are there in 3 meters? How much time would it take for light to travel 10,000 feet? How many inches would light travel in 10 fs? ( femto =10 -15 ) How many newtons of force do you need to lift a 34 pound bag? (Intuitively, just assume that you need exactly the same amount of force as the weight of the bag)

32. Rounding off numbers Why do we need to round off numbers? Do you know the rules in rounding off numbers?

33. Conversion of units A snail moves 1cm every 20 seconds. What is this in in/s? Decide how to report the answer In performing the conversion, we did two things. We identified the number of significant figures and then rounded off the final answer to retain this number of figures. For convenience, the final answer is re-written in scientific notation

34. Significant Figures Can you recall the rules in determining the number of significant figures?

35. Scientific Notation How do we write numbers in scientific notation? Can you recall performing operation involving numbers in scientific notation?

36. Try out: Determine the number of sig fig: 1.2343 x 10 10 035 23.004 23.000 2.3x10 4

37. Perform the following conversions using the correct number of significant figures in scientific notation: A jeepney tried to overtake a car. The jeepney moves at 75km/hour, convert this to the British system (feet per second)? It takes about 8.0 minutes for light to travel from the sun to the earth. How far is the sun from the earth (in meters, in feet)?