Iot presentation

The Internet of things describes physical objects that are embedded with sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.

1. INTERNET OF THINGS NAME = HUMA AJMAL , 1

2. Content WHAT IS IOT IOT BACKGROUND IOT COMPONENETS IOT ARCHITECTURES centralized and decentralized BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS ( IoT ) Hardware's Software's IOT TECHNOLOGIES IOT PROTOCOLS WORKING OF IOT Communication Technologies in IOT IOT SECTORS APPLICATIONS IOT EMERGENCE IN 2021 CURRENT RESEARCH 2021 SPECIAL ISSUES 2

3. WHAT IS IOT Sensors Software's Data Processing user interface 3

4. IOT DEFINITION The Internet of Things ( IoT ) is defined as a paradigm in which computer and networking capabilities are embedded with each other to serve a meaningful purpose. The Internet of Things refers to a new kind of world where almost all the devices and appliances that we use are connected to a network (Pena-Lopez et al, 2005 ). We can use them collaboratively to achieve complex tasks that require a high degree of intelligence . IoT is not a single technology; it is a collection of various technologies that work together. 4

5. Background of IoT 1999, Ashton's was the first mention of the internet of things, the idea of connected devices has been around since the 1970s, under the monikers  embedded internet  and  pervasive computing . The first internet appliance, for example, was a Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University in the early 1980s.  IoT evolved from M2M communication, Taking M2M to the next level, IoT is a sensor network of billions of smart devices that connect people, systems and other applications to collect and share data. As its foundation, M2M offers the connectivity that enables IoT . The IOT 2008 was held at Zurich.Auto -ID Center focus on EPC-IOT, EPC is Electric Product Code, It’s a family of coding schemes created as a low-cost method of tracking goods using RFID Technology, 5

6. IoT Components .  6

7. IoT Architecture There is no single consensus on architecture for IoT , which is agreed universally. Different architectures have been proposed by different researchers. Like protocol architecture and system architecture  Three- and Five-Layer Architectures . The most basic architecture is a three-layer architecture but I will discuss both as shown in the figure 7

8. Three layer Architecture Perception layer: It is the physical layer, which includes the sensors for sensing and gathering information from the environment, it senses with the help of physical parameters and identifies smart objects from the surrounding . Network layer: As its name suggests it deals with the connectivity of the smart devices and makes a network. It is also used for transmitting and processing data . Application layer: It provides application-specific services to the users and also reports to the end-users.it communicates with the network layer for accessing data and providing services for the third parties or the owner of the data.  It defines various applications in which the Internet of Things can be used, for example, smart homes, smart cities, and smart health . 8

9. Five layer Architecture Now we will discuss Five-layer architecture   The perception and application layer have the same role as discussed in the three-layer architecture so let’s see the remaining layers . Transport layer: It uses the wireless network technology 4G , LAN, Bluetooth, RFID, NFC, to transfer data from the perception layer to the transport layer and vice versa . Processing layer: The processing layer is also called middleware. The processing layer analyzes, processes a large amount of data coming from the transport layer, and reduces the data volume before storing it in the database. This layer is in contact with lower layers and provides services to them, different technologies included in this layer are cloud computing and big data modules . Business Layer:   Business owners deduce information from the data and do analysis on the past and present data to plan accurately for the future. Simple is that it manages the IoT system and competes for more and more data for decision-making. it includes business and profit models, user privacy, and applications  9

10. Cisco IoT Architecture 10

11. Centralized Architecture CLOUD-BASED ARCHITECTURE: IoT generates a large amount of data and that is a big challenge for storage engineers to store that data. Meeting this challenge, however, has pushed forward storage technology. So here we are talking about cloud computing which is in a symbiotic relationship with IoT . so in some architectures the processing of data is done in a large centralized fashion by cloud computing. In cloud computing architecture the cloud computer layer lies between applications and networks, it provides great scalability, flexibility, and offers services such as core infrastructure, storage, platform, software. Cloud computing was the first choice of the developers because of its flexibility(data mining, machine learning tools, software plus storage tools, visualization tools ) ( Pallavi Sethi and Smruti R. Sarangi, 2016).  So because of that privacy and security issues, many risks and challenges have been observed which need to be resolved, for achieving this goal what is discussed in the 2021 conference is privacy as well as a security concern, issues, and open challenges. 11

12. C loud-based IoT survey Cloud computing security issue: survey related to cloud-based IoT security in each layer and presents some solutions for it in ( 2021 conference ) 12

13. Decentralized Architecture Finally, it is important to note that cloud IoT storage innovation has not been halted . new technologies are constantly being developed, and some of them have arisen as a direct result of the demands of the IoT network. The present interest in edge computing and storage is a fantastic example of this( Nahla Davis, 2021)            With the advent of edge IoT layers, systems may now handle and analyze data as close to the source as possible. Edge has now become the industry standard for 5th Generation mobile networks (5G), allowing systems to connect to more devices with less latency than current 4G standards. All of the IoT network procedures take place at the edge. As a result, time and resources are saved, and real-time reflexes and performance are increased. 13

14. TWO BUILDING BLOCKS OF IOT There are two basic building blocks in internet of things HARDWARE & SOFTWARE HARDWARE: I O T hardware platforms are chosen accordingly as per the needs of IoT developers for product development or depending on the chosen applications and services . But let’s discuss generally IOT hardware: The devices that respond and have the capabilities to capture data, follow the instructions can be considered as the IoT Hardware. The following fall into such categories where they not only collect data but also respond to instructions based on the processed data 14

15. Building Blocks of IoT Hardware Here, we will discuss some internet of Things Hardware : The hardware utilized in IoT systems includes Devices for a remote dashboard , Devices for control Servers Routing or bridge device Sensors and Actutors 15

16. DEVICES SENSORS & ACTUTORS : The sensor gather data from the physical environment while actuators makes physical changes to the product Here is a list of some of the measurement devices used in IoT : 16

17. Hardware platform for IOT Some of the popular and commonly used hardware platforms are Raspberry Pi, Arduino , Beagle Board, Adafruit , Cloudbit , Samsung Artik , Pinoccio , Particle Photon etc. 17

18. SOFTWARE The set of programs that help you get the activities done like the data collection, processing, storage, and evaluating instructions based on the processed data from the IoT Software. Operating Systems, firmware, applications, middleware are some of the examples that fall into this category . Data Collection Device Integration Real-Time Analytics Application and process Extension 18

19. DIFFERENT IOT Operating systems IoT software's addresses its key areas of networking and action through platforms , embedded systems , partner systems, and middleware Some IoT operating system are RIOT OS LiteOS Tiney OS Contiki Os 19

20. IoT Technologies 20

21. IOT Protocols Software platforms Supported hardware platforms Protocols used Estimated cost Visualization ArtikCloud Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Samsung ARTIK WebSocket, HTTP, COAP, MQTT Free & paid accounts Mobile apps., Third party apps., Dashboard Axeda Raspberry Pi, Arduino MQTT, AMMP, REST, SOAP Free & paid accounts Home automation Bugswarm Arduino HTTP Free & paid accounts Smart irrigation Carriots Raspberry Pi, Arduino MQTT, HTTP Free & paid accounts Dashboard, Mobile apps Cayenne Raspberry Pi COAP, MQTT Free & paid accounts Dashboard, Mobile apps Kaa Raspberry Pi, Intel Edison, Econais, LeafLabs, BeagleBone, Texas Instruments XMPP, HTTP, COAP, MQTT Open source Dashboard, Mobile apps   Leylan Arduino Yun, Netduino , Raspberry Pi, Spark Core, Texas Instruments OAuth 2.0, MQTT, HTTP Open source Web apps., Third party apps Sensorcloud Arduino HTTP Paid accounts Home automation   Smartliving Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Intel Edison, Stomp, MQTT, HTTP Open source Mobile apps Temboo Arduino, Samsung Artik, Texas Instruments HTTP, COAP, MQTT Free & paid accounts Dashboard, Mobile apps   ThingBox Raspberry Pi MQTT, HTTP Open source Emoncms ThingSpeak Raspberry Pi, Arduino HTTP, MQTT Open source Dashboard, Mobile apps   ThingSquare Raspberry Pi, Arduino HTTP Open source Home automation, Social IoT Ubidots Raspberry Pi, Arduino Spark Core, Adafruit FONA UDP, HTTP, COAP, MQTT Free & paid accounts Dashboard Wyliodrin Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Intel Galileo & Edison, BeagleBone HTTP, MQTT Free & paid accounts Dashboard, Mobile apps   21

22. Working of IoT 22

23. IoT SECTORS Some of the main sectors in IOT Industry/Area Use Home Control of heating,lights,door locks etc Health medical Remote Patient Monitoring etc Fitness and wellness Tacking heart rate and Training plans Factory and Industry Production line control ,asset tracking etc Agriculture Automatic watering,soil monitoring etc Cars and Roads – Connected cars, parking spaces, Smart Cities Traffic management, parking space tracking and availability 23

24. SOME IoT APPLICATIONS Whenever we think of IoT systems, the most important and efficient application that stands out every time is Smart Home ranking as highest IOT application on all channels. The number of people searching for smart homes increases every month with about 60,000 people and increasing . https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_of_things/internet_of_things_tutorial.pdf 24

25. WEARABLES Just like smart homes, wearables remain a hot topic too among potential IOT applications. Every year, consumers all across the globe await the release of Apple’ smartwatch. 25

26. SMART GRIDS Smart grids is another area of application that stands out. A smart grid basically promises to extract information on the behaviors of consumers and electricity suppliers in an automated fashion in order to improve the efficiency, economics, and reliability of electricity distribution. 26

27. SMART FARMING Smart farming is an often overlooked IoT application. However, because the number of farming operations is usually remote and the large number of livestock that farmers work on, all of this can be monitored by the Internet of Things and can also revolutionize the way farmers work. 27

28. SMART SUPPLYCHAIN Supply chains have already been getting smarter for a couple of years. Offering solutions to problems like tracking of goods while they are on the road or in transit, or helping suppliers exchange inventory information are some of the popular offerings. 28

29. Emerging IOT Technologies 2021 New Capabilities These emerging technologies are creating all sorts of new capabilities for IOT devices and applications, from battery-free sensors to 5G network slicing . They aren’t just things of the future : It enable IOT sensors that don’t require batteries and can figure out precise body location New technologies are making it possible to run all sorts of applications and machine learning algorithms on tiny, low-power devices . https://www.crn.com/news/internet-of-things/5-emerging-iot-technologies-you-need-to-know-in-2021?itc=refresh 29

30. Battery Free Sensors A Santa Clara, Calif.-based startup called Everactive is working on such an innovation with its Eversensor , which contains a variety of sensor types and generates power form a mix of sources , including Indoor solar, vibration and thermal The company said its Eversensors can last for 20 years without ever needing routine maintenance.   https://everactive.com/ 30

31. Containers For MCU Devices Container technology is becoming increasingly important for running applications in IoT devices, but one area that hasn’t received as much attention is containers for microcontroller units, tiny, low-power chips that enable tens of millions of IoT devices, from connected washer machines to heat sensors in oil refineries.  https://www.nubix.io/ vendor called  Nubix has developed a solution for deploying application containers to MCU devices that have real-time operating systems.   31

32. TinyML TinyML can enable sensors with predictive maintenance capabilities for manufacturing equipment It can also enable health care devices to better protect patient data by keeping the data analysis on device. Does all machine learning have to happen in the cloud, or even in nearby edge gateways ? What if such a workload could run on the tiny chips that make so many IoT devices possible in the first place? 32

33. cities will be able to automate, remotely manage, and collect data through things like visitor kiosks, video camera surveillance systems, bike rental stations, and taxis. Smart Cities https://www.smartcitypk.com/ 33

34. Deep Learning in Security of Internet of Things 34

35. An IoT implementation to ATM safety system 35

36. A Survey on the Integration of Blockchain With IoT to Enhance Performance and Eliminate Challenges 36

37. Rain Water Harvesting for Smart Water Management Using IoT 37

38. A Blockchain Based Secure IoT Solution for Water Quality Management 38

39. SPECIAL ISSUES Special issue on AI and Blockchain powered IoT sustainable computing Special issue on Cloud/Fog/Edge-enabled Big Data Intelligence for IoE Special issue on When Blockchain Meets 5/6G – Enabling Endogenously Secure IoT 39

40. References   https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/6/2152/pdf https://www.jigsawacademy.com/4-layers-of-the-internet-of-things/ https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2017/9324035.pdf https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9397146 https://www.enterprisestorageforum.com/cloud/developments-in-cloud-storage-for-iot-data/ https:// reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1319157816300799?token=E9DC51BE7D715D2A07F7C4CE72C3CB7EEF0BB968D8B77A8B19E4165B7B2E19CB31906EA83789998F0FBFC9CD327D0348&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20211205185453 https:// ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9520818 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=& arnumber=9544638   L. Atzori , A. Iera , and G. Morabito , “ SIoT : giving a social structure to the internet of things,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1193–1195, 2011 40

41. THANK YOU 41