IOT Presentation new (2).pptx

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1. What is IoT ?

2. IoT

3. IoT

4. IoT

5. IoT

6. What is IoT IoT - Internet + Things Internet connected people through computers & mobiles Interaction using video calls, emails, livechat social media etc. As development goes on, it is thought that can we connect everyday things also with internet like car, watch, light, TV, oven, AC, etc.

7. IoT

8. Contd. Network of physical objects (things) / everyday things embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data without human intervention. Objects send data wirelessly to other devices in real-time and are controlled remotely across the network.

9. Smart Home using IoT

10. Smart Home A simple example of IoT is smart home- an internet connected system of devices. A mobile app controls these devices. AC, refrigerator, fans, lights, TV, smoke detectors, cameras, door locks etc. are connected to the mobile & can be controlled.   Instead of human communicating directly with specific devices, in IoT the devices “talk” amongst themselves.

11. Video Video on Smart Home

12. History

13. History 1982 – Students of Carnegie Melon University developed mechanism for their campus Coca-Cola vending machine to report through a network if the machine was out of Coke. They also installed micro-switches into the machine to report how many Coke cans were available and if they were cold.

14. Contd. 1999- term IoT was used by Kevin Ashton 2000- LG launched Internet refrigerator 2004- Microsoft came up with first Smart watch

15. History

16. Contd. 2007- Apple launched first Smart iPhone 2009- Google’s driverless car was launched 2014- Amazon’s Echo ( Alexa ) was launched 2014- Tesla’s Autopilot- driver assistance system

17. Components of IoT

18. IoT Devices

19. Contd. Things or devices - are fitted with sensors or actuators that collect, emit and transfer data over the network. For eg . Temperature, Pressure, Humidity, Light intensity, Proximity, Level sensors, cameras, etc. (sensing units) are used to detect these physical quantities and collect data.

20. Contd. For wireless data transmission to next stage, we need a complete sensor node instead of just a simple sensing unit. Sensor node- processing unit, communication unit, storage unit, etc along with sensing unit. Small sized & low powered nodes. Nodes can talk to each other.

21. Contd. Actuators work opposite to that of sensors. They receive a signal or a command and on its basis they cause an action. They are required to act based on the trigger. For eg . a s soon as sensors detect that a person has exited an area, the actuator will be triggered to stop the air conditioning or the flow of water in a tap.

22. Block diagram of Sensor node

23. A Typical wireless Sensor node

24. Gateway

25. Contd. Gateway - A centralized hub that connects IoT devices to Cloud. Large amount of raw data is available from these sensor nodes. High speed bi-directional gateway is required to transfer data to cloud for processing (Cloud computing) . Cloud is a large network of remote servers that operate as single ecosystem. It stores data & Application softwares .

26. Contd. If devices are not able to communicate, then Gateway provide necessary translation. It acts as a single point of contact for all devices (sensors & actuators) for interaction with cloud. To speed up the process data filtering & pre-processing is done by Gateway to reduce the volume of cloud. (Intelligent Edge) Gateway processes small task & give commands to actuators

27. Block diagram of a Gateway

28. A Typical IoT Gateway

29. What is Cloud ?

30. Cloud Cloud - Large network of remote servers & storage that supports IoT devices and applications. It stores data & Application softwares . Gateway sends data to cloud through internet. Data processing - “the collection and manipulation of items of data to produce meaningful information.” Raw data into something useful like  text files, charts, spreadsheets, or images.

31. Contd. Data processing- can be very simple like checking that the temperature reading is within an acceptable range. Or very complex, like identify objects in video or read car’s number plate in a image using computer vision. This is done by different data manipulation techniques such as validation, sorting, classification, calculation, interpretation, organization and transformation of data.

32. Contd. IoT cloud provide connectivity, security, scalability, ease of integration, and better IoT device management. These platforms also help us to improve the usability of our IoT app.  Some of the commercially available   IoT cloud platforms are from Amazon, Microsoft, Google, IBM, Oracle, Bosch, Cisco, GE, SAP, etc.

33. Analytics

34. Analytics and Data Management Analytics is used to make sense of the vast amounts of data. For eg . determination of key performance indicators like deviations, errors or irregularities in real-time. After that, an immediate action would be required to prevent any undesirable scenario . Deep learning can be used for predictive analysis.

35. Contd. Various techniques can be used to predict trends , plan ahead and make useful business decisions . Analytics requires large storage and intelligent computation to be able to make sense of any data. 

36. User Interface

37. User Interface User interface is the visible component that is easily accessible and in control of the IoT user. After processing, application software or app gives user an alert, notification, live trends and remote control (switching on / off). Touch interfaces, use of colors, voice, and more. An attractive design is necessary, user-friendly enough to avoid any difficulty for the user.

38. IoT Architecture & Protocols

39. Advantages of IoT Minimises human effort, save time and money More automation (better control) Improves Technology (artificial intelligence, driverless car, etc.) Reduce waste, uses natural resources effectively

40. Contd. Real time information Decision making by seeing the behaviour or the pattern of events

41. Disadvantages Security issue (loss of confidential data) Prone to network attack Maintaining privacy is a challenge

42. Applications

43. Healthcare

44. Contd. Healthcare (Life saving)- Heart patient wearing a bio sensor wrist band is continuously sending data related to BP, heart rate, temperature, etc. to the hospital’s cloud. Suddenly at midnight, he gets a heart attack. Wrist band sends alert to hospital. After verifying the condition of patient, hospital sends an ambulance and does all arrangements for surgery. Thus by saving time, Life is saved. Ambulance route can be cleared by making all traffic lights of the route green.

45. Agriculture

46. Agriculture

47. Contd. Agriculture:- Soil moisture sensors used. Water released only when moisture level goes below threshold. Saves water. Greenhouse climate condition like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light and CO 2 monitored and controlled to provide the best conditions for growth of plants.

48. Industries

49. Contd. Industries:- Smart supply chain. Better inventory. Automation increases production & better utilization of resources Air quality monitoring & smart lighting inside the factory. Proper machine diagnosis. Fire, gas and water leak detection. Remote vehicle diagnostic, fleet tracking, shipment monitoring.

50. Smart Retails

51. Contd. Retails:- Smart shelves, automatic refill alert, automatic price labelling. Better inventory management. Smart payment. Effective monitoring of store space. Evaluation of customer behavior. Optimizing and automating the supply chain. 

52. Smart Grid

53. Contd. Smart Grid Collect data of generation, consumption, storage, health of equipment, etc.. Improves efficiency, planning and maintenance of system. Power theft prevented by using Smart meter. Smart meter- remotely control consumption & switch off supply when required. By knowing energy usage pattern, consumption during peak load can be reduced.

54. Smart Home

55. Contd. Smart Home:- Smart lighting- energy saving by switching on / off / dimming lights by sensing ambient light and human movement. Remotely controlled. Smart appliances- Remotely controlled. Provides notifications, alerts, etc.. Intrusion detection- by using cameras, IR & door sensors, sends alerts / captured image/ short video during intrusion. Smoke / gas detector

56. Smart City

57. Environment

58. Water Management System

59. Education

60. Recent advances Remote Monitoring Modular Smart Technologies Solutions Data Analysis Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, etc.

61. Contd. Advanced Networks Smart Buildings, Smart Cities Digital Twins- IoT + AI

62. Digital Twins

63. Contd. Adoption of 5G Networks Across Major Wireless Carriers  Edge Computing Advances to Process Data Locally Migration of traditionally Wi-Fi- or Bluetooth-enabled devices becoming cellular-based technologies like NB- IoT . 

64. References A. Bahga and V. Madisetti , Internet of Things- A Hands-on Approach, Kolkata: Universities Press (India) Private Limited, 2016. M. Mangla and A. Kumar, Real Life Application of the Internet of Things, Florida: Apple Academic Press, 2022. Q. F. Hassan, Internet of Things- A to Z, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2018.

65. Thank you