IOT sensor actuators for different devices

IOT

1. GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC GULZARBAGH PATNA 7 By Prof. Chandra Prakash INTERNET OF THINGS TOPICS COVERED Sensors Actuators

2. A sensor is a device that detects or measures a physical quantity and converts it into an electrical or digital signal that can be processed by a computer or electronic system. Sensors are used in a wide range of applications to gather information about the physical world and to help control and monitor various systems. Sensor

3. There are many different types of sensors, each designed to measure a specific physical quantity. Some examples of sensor types include: Temperature sensors : These sensors measure temperature, typically using a thermistor, thermocouple or a resistance temperature detector (RTD). Pressure sensors : These sensors measure pressure, using technologies such as piezoresistive or capacitive sensing. Accelerometers : These sensors detect acceleration or changes in motion, typically using a piezoelectric element or a microelectromechanical system (MEMS).

4. 4. Proximity sensors : These sensors detect the presence or absence of nearby objects, using technologies such as capacitive or inductive sensing. 5. Light sensors : These sensors measure light intensity or spectral content, typically using a photodiode, phototransistor, or photomultiplier tube. 6. Magnetic sensors : These sensors detect magnetic fields, using technologies such as magnetoresistive or Hall-effect sensing.

5. Sensors are used in a wide range of applications, from everyday devices such as smartphones and wearable devices to advanced systems such as autonomous vehicles and industrial automation. They are also used in scientific research, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics, among many other fields.

6. IOT Sensor An IoT (Internet of Things) sensor is a type of sensor that is designed to be part of a network of interconnected devices that can communicate with each other over the internet. These sensors are usually small, low-power devices that can detect and measure various physical quantities, such as temperature, humidity, light, motion, sound, and more.

7. IoT sensors are an important part of the growing ecosystem of connected devices that make up the Internet of Things. They allow for the collection of large amounts of data from a wide range of sources, which can then be used for a variety of purposes, such as optimizing energy usage, improving industrial processes, and monitoring environmental conditions.

8. IoT sensors typically use wireless communication protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or Zigbee to connect to the internet and communicate with other devices in the network. They are often battery-powered and designed to be low-cost and easy to install, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.

9. Examples of IoT sensors include temperature and humidity sensors used for smart thermostats, motion sensors used for security systems, and air quality sensors used for environmental monitoring. With the increasing use of IoT sensors, we are seeing new and innovative applications emerging in a wide range of industries, from agriculture to healthcare to smart cities.

10. The data collected by IoT sensors is typically sent to a cloud-based server or a data center, where it can be analyzed and processed using machine learning algorithms and other data analytics tools. The insights gained from this analysis can be used to make better decisions and optimize processes, leading to increased efficiency, reduced costs, and improved outcomes.

11. IoT sensors can also be used to create smart systems that can operate autonomously, without the need for human intervention. For example, a smart building can use sensors to monitor occupancy, temperature, and lighting, and adjust these factors automatically to optimize energy usage and create a comfortable and productive environment for its occupants.

12. Another important feature of IoT sensors is their ability to be programmed and updated remotely. This means that they can be reconfigured or updated with new software or firmware, without the need for physical access or maintenance. This allows for the flexibility to adapt to changing needs and requirements, and to improve the functionality and performance of the sensors over time.

13. Pressure sensors Temperature sensors Motion sensors Level sensors Image sensors Proximity sensors Water quality sensors Chemical sensors IoT Sensors

14. Gas sensors Smoke sensors Infrared (IR) sensors Acceleration sensors Gyroscopic sensors Humidity sensors Optical sensors These are just a few examples of the many types of IoT sensors that are available today. Each type of sensor has its unique properties, and their selection depends on the specific application requirements.

15. Actuators Actuators are devices that convert electrical or other types of signals into physical motion or force, allowing them to control the movement or operation of a system or component. They are the counterparts to sensors, which provide information about the system or environment.

16. Actuators can be classified based on their functionality or the type of motion they produce. Here are some common types of actuators based on their functionality: Electric actuators: These actuators use electric motors or solenoids to generate motion or force. They are often used in robotics, automation, and industrial applications. Hydraulic actuators: These actuators use hydraulic pressure to generate motion or force. They are often used in heavy machinery, such as construction equipment and aircraft control systems.

17. 3. Pneumatic actuators: These actuators use compressed air to generate motion or force. They are often used in automation, industrial machinery, and robotics. 4. Mechanical actuators: These actuators use mechanical means, such as gears or cams, to generate motion or force. They are often used in precision instruments, such as telescopes and microscopes. 5. Thermal actuators: These actuators use changes in temperature to generate motion or force. They are often used in bimetallic switches, thermostats, and other temperature-sensitive devices.

18. Actuators can also be classified based on the type of motion they produce. Here are some common types of actuators based on their motion: Linear actuators: These actuators produce motion in a straight line. Rotary actuators: These actuators produce rotational motion around an axis. Solenoid actuators: These actuators use an electromagnetic field to move a plunger or rod in a linear motion. Piezoelectric actuators: These actuators use changes in voltage or pressure to produce small, precise movements.

19. Actuators are used in a wide range of applications, from controlling the motion of robotic arms to adjusting the position of a valve in a pipeline. They play a critical role in the operation of many systems and devices, and their selection depends on the specific application requirements.

20. SENSOR ACTUATOR It converts physical characteristics into electrical signals. It converts electrical signals into physical characteristics. It takes input from environment. It takes input from output conditioning unit of system. It gives output to input conditioning unit of system. It gives output to environment. Sensor generated electrical signals. Actuator generates heat or motion. It is placed at input port of the system. It is placed at output port of the system. It is used to measure the physical quantity. It is used to measure the continuous and discrete process parameters. It gives information to the system about environment. It accepts command to perform a function. Example: Photo-voltaic cell which converts light energy into electrical energy. Example: Stepper motor where electrical energy drives the motor.