Iron metabolism Dr. Muralinath-Kalyan C-Saisruthi .pptx

Presentation provides information relaxated to iron metabolism & disorders

1. Iron Metabolism

2. SIGNIFICANCE OF IRON:- Iron is an essential mineral. It is an important component of proteins participated in oxygen transport. That is why, human body requires especially iron for oxygen transport.Iron plays an important role regarding the formation of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Iron is also plays an important role regarding the formation of other compounds namely catalase, cytochrome, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase.

3. NORMAL VALUE AND CIRCULATION OF IRON IN THE BODY:- The total quantity of iron in the body is approximately as follows; In the hemoglobin 65- 68% In the muscle as myoglobin 4% As intracellular oxidative heme Compound 1% Preserved in the Reticulo Endothelial System 25 - 30% In the plasma as transferrin 0.1%

4. DIETARY IRON:- The availability of iron takes place in two forms such as Heme and Non Heme. HEME IRON:- Heme iron is observed especially in chicken, fish and meat. Iron n these sources is observed in the form of heme. An absorption of heme iron takes place particularly from intestine.

5. NON HEME IRON:- Iron especially in the form of non heme is observed particularly in cereals, grains and vegetables. An absorption of Non heme does not take place easily as Heme iron. Cereals, flours and products of grains which are enriched or fortified (strengthened) with iron because good dietary sources of Non heme especially for children and women.

6. ABSORPTION OF IRON:- An absorption of iron takes place from the small intestine. . An absorption of iron occurs through the intestinal cells with the help of pinocytosis and transported into the blood. Bile plays an essential role regarding an absorption of iron.

7. TRANSPORT OF IRON:- Immediately after absorption into blood, iron binds with a beta - globulin termed as apotransferrin leading to the formation of transferrin. The transportation of iron in blood happens especially in the form of transferrin. Iron binds in a loose manner along with globin and can be resealed in an easy manner at any region of the body.

8. PRESERVERATION OG IRON;- The preservation of an iron takes place I large quantities especially in reticulo- endothelial cells as well as liver hepatocytes. In other cells, preservation of an iron happens in small quantities. Preservation of iron occurs in large quantities. Preservation of iron happens in small quantities and preserved as hemosidered.

9. DAILY LOSS OF IRON;_   In males, approximately an excretion 1 mg of iron happens every day via feces. In females, approximately the loss of iron happens in high quantity due to menstruation. One gram of hemoglobin consists of 3.34 mg of iron. Generally, 100 ml blood consists of 15 gm of hemoglobin and about 50 mg of iron ( 3.34 X 15). That is why, if 100 ml 0f blood is lost from the body, there is a loss of about 50 mg of iron. In females, especially during every menstrual cycle, about 50 mL of blood is lost by which 25 mg of iron is lost. So, the iron content is always less in females compare to males. The loss of iron happens especially during hemorrhage and blood donation also. When 450 mL of blood is donated, approximately 225 mg of iron is lost.

10. REGULATION OF TOTAL IRON IN THE BODY:-   An absorption and excretion of iron are controlled almost in an equal manner especially under normal physiological conditions. If the iron preservation is saturated in the body, it automatically decreases the further absorption of iron from the gastro intestinal tract (GIT) with the help of feedback mechanism. The factors which decrease the absorption of iron are Stoppage of apotransferrin formation in the liver, so that an absorption of iron does not take place from the intestine. Reduction in the intestine of iron from the transferrin so that, the saturation of transferrin occurs in a complete manner along with iron and further absorption is inhibited.

11. References 1. Rodgers GM, Gilreath JA. The Role of Intravenous Iron in the Treatment of Anemia Associated with Cancer and Chemotherapy. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):13-20. [ PubMed ] 2. G ó mez-Ram í rez S, Bisbe E, Shander A, Spahn DR, Muñoz M. Management of Perioperative Iron Deficiency Anemia. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):21-29. [ PubMed ] 3. Gafter-Gvili A, Schechter A, Rozen-Zvi B. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):44-50. [ PubMed ] 4. DeLoughery TG. Safety of Oral and Intravenous Iron. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):8-12. [ PubMed ] 5. Chuncharunee S, Teawtrakul N, Siritanaratkul N, Chueamuangphan N. Review of disease-related complications and management in adult patients with thalassemia: A multi-center study in Thailand. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214148. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ]

12.   Chuncharunee S, Teawtrakul N, Siritanaratkul N, Chueamuangphan N. Review of disease-related complications and management in adult patients with thalassemia: A multi-center study in Thailand. PLoS One. 2019;14(3):e0214148. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] 6. Shokrgozar N, Golafshan HA. Molecular perspective of iron uptake, related diseases, and treatments. Blood Res. 2019 Mar;54(1):10-16. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] 7. Demosthenous C, Vlachaki E, Apostolou C, Eleftheriou P, Kotsiafti A, Vetsiou E, Mandala E, Perifanis V, Sarafidis P. Beta-thalassemia: renal complications and mechanisms: a narrative review. Hematology. 2019 Dec;24(1):426-438. [ PubMed ]   Zusman O, Itzhaki Ben Zadok O, Gafter-Gvili A. Management of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure. Acta Haematol. 2019;142(1):51-56. [ PubMed ] 9. Wan D, Wu Q, Ni H, Liu G, Ruan Z, Yin Y. Treatments for Iron Deficiency (ID): Prospective Organic Iron Fortification. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(3):325-332. [ PubMed ]