IRON OXIDEpharmaceuticals, and magnetic materials. Due to its unique properties, .pptx

This report aims to provide an overview of the synthesis methods of iron oxide, highlighting their principles, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, it will explore the characterization techniques used to determine the physical and chemical properties of IONPs and discuss potential applications in various fields.

1. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYANILINE DOPED IRON OXIDE Presented BY 1 . aishwarya m 2. Amaresh S 3. Ambika 4 . Anjali 5 . Ashish 6 . Ashray kumar 7. Ashwini 8. basawaraj 9 . Bhagyalaxmi 10 .Bhagyashree DEPARTMENT OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN PHYSICS , SHARNBASAVA UNIVERSITY, KALABURGI 2024

2. INTRODUCTION TO POLYMER Polymers are large molecules made of repeating units called monomers. They can be synthetic (man-made) or natural (occur in nature). Polymers have diverse properties like flexibility, strength, and durability. They're used in packaging, textiles, construction, and more. Processing techniques include injection molding and extrusion. Some polymers raise environmental concerns due to pollution and non-biodegradability.

3. Classification of polymer and some application CLASSIFICATION Structure: Linear, branched, cross-linked, or networked. Source: Natural or synthetic. Polymerization: Addition or condensation. Physical Behavior: Thermoplastics (moldable), thermosetting (non moldable) elastomers (elastic) APPLICATIONS Plastics: Packaging, construction, consumer goods. Fibers: Clothing, carpets, ropes. Rubbers: Tires, seals, hoses. Adhesives: Glues , tapes and bonding materials

4. Special type of polymer with electrical conductivity. Electronically conductive due to delocalized π electrons. Can conduct electricity due to delocalized π-electrons within their structure. Offer a range of electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Examples include polyaniline , polypyrrole , polythiophene . polyacetylene , poly(para- phenylene ), poly-furan APPLICATIONS Organic Electronics : OLEDs, solar cells, and flexible displays. Sensors : Gas sensors, biosensors, and environmental monitoring. Energy Storage : Batteries, supercapacitors , and fuel cells. Coatings : Anticorrosion coatings for metals. Actuators : Artificial muscles and microfluidic devices. Biomedical Devices : Drug delivery systems and biosensors. Conducting polymers

5. INTRODUCTION IRON OXIDE Commonly known as rust . Composition: Consists of iron and oxygen. Appearance: Typically reddish-brown in color. Formation: Occurs when iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture. Properties: Can be magnetic, depending on the crystalline structure. Occurrence: Naturally found in soil and rocks. Used historically as a pigment in paints and dyes. Plays a role in geological processes and soil chemistry.

6. POLYANILINE Polyaniline (PANI) is a special kind of material that conducts electricity. It's great because it can handle high temperatures, stays stable in different environments, and conducts electricity really well. Making it is simple, and we can easily change or improve it by adding different things. PANI is useful in nanotechnology like sensors and electronic devices. It's also useful for things like electronics, medicine delivery, and acts as rust-free layer on materials. Thin layers of PANI have special powers like being magnetic, and sensing things

7. Storing data on devices like hard drives. Guiding compass needles to show direction. Enhancing medical imaging in hospitals. Cleaning water and soil of pollutants. Speeding up certain chemical reactions. Delivering medicine precisely to where it's needed in the body. Treating cancer by targeting and heating tumor cells with magnets. APPLICATION OF IRON OXIDE Electronics : Used in organic electronic devices like OLEDs, solar cells, and transistors. Sensors : Employed in gas sensors, biosensors, and chemical sensors due to its sensitivity. Corrosion Protection : Used as an anticorrosion coating for metals. Energy Storage : Utilized in batteries and supercapacitors for energy storage applications. Textiles : Blended with fabrics to impart electrical conductivity for applications like smart clothing. Biomedical Applications : Explored for drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds due to its biocompatibility . APPLICATION OF POLYANILINE

8. Iron oxide polyaniline

9. Chemical and Materials Used: Chemicals : Oxalic Acid (0.25 m) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate (0.25 m) Polyethylene Glycol 0.25m Aniline 1N HCl 0.25m ammonium dichromate Material Used : Beaker (100 ml) Beaker (50 ml) Burette Burette Stand Buckner Funnel Vacuum China Dish Bunsen Burner  

10. Preparation of iron oxide

11. FLOW CHART

12. PREPARATION OF PANI

13. FLOW CHART

14. FLOW CHART OF IRON OXIDE DOPED IN POLYANILINE

15. RESULTS The X-ray diffraction technique was used to study the structure of pure polyaniline (PANI). The pattern showed that PANI is mostly amorphous, as indicated by a broad peak. However, there was a distinct peak at 25 to 27 degrees, which is characteristic of PANI. This peak helps identify PANI in samples and provides valuable structural information. Image of X-ray Diffraction

16. The X-ray diffraction technique was analysed to describe the structural information of the sample. is the indexed XRD pattern of the Pure PANI . The figure shows the indexed XRD pattern of PANI/Fe2O3.Generally Polyaniline is the amorphous in nature. From pattern it reveals that, the broad peak of the P ure Polyaniline indicates the amorphous nature of the sample and has the prominent peak of pure Polyaniline is in the range of 25-27°, which is characteristics peak of P olyaniline . The average crystalline size of the PANI is estimated respectively shown in figure are peaks of iron oxide which is readily indexed and are consistent with the results obtained by other research groups. Compared to pure Polyaniline , it is observed that, the intensity of the peaks is increasing as doping concentration increased in the PANI. This increase in the intensity of the XRD peak may suggest that, iron oxide dispersed in the Polyaniline matrix with broadness of the peaks remains same [16-17]. The average crystalline size of the composite is estimated to be approximately 20.21 nm

17. Image of Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM ) The surface of polyaniline (PANI) and how iron oxide affects it were studied using a tool called scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When we looked at pure PANI, it seemed messy and shapeless. But when iron was added, the structure became somewhat crystalline. At high magnification, we could see tiny iron oxide particles spread out in the sample, and they varied in size. These particles were evenly mixed with PANI, showing that the two materials combined well. Overall, the surface looked like a mix of tiny grains and pores, with different sizes all over.

18. The polyaniline iron oxide composites were created using a method called chemical oxidation polymerization. When we looked at the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, we saw a broad peak which told us that pure polyaniline doesn't have a regular structure, it's kind of messy. But there was also a clear peak between 25 to 27 degrees, which is typical for pure polyaniline . We also spotted some peaks from iron, which matched what we expected. The crystals in the composite were estimated to be around 20.2 nanometers in size. When we checked out the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of PANI/Fe2O3, we could see that the iron oxide particles were mixed well with polyaniline , showing that the composite formed successfully. The surface of the composite looked bumpy, with different-sized lumps but no visible pores. As we increased the temperature, the conductivity also increased, showing a pattern of conductivity that gets stronger as things heat up. CONCLUSION

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