IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

Water is required for agriculture.
Sometimes this water requirement is fulfilled by rain, but there are some dry areas where irrigation is the only process by which water is supplied to crops.

1. IRRIGATION ENGINEERING By SATHISHKUMAR G ([email protected])

2. CONTENTS: WHAT IS IRRIGATION ENGINEERING DEFINITION METHODS OF IRRIGATION

3. WHAT IS IRRIGATION ENGINEERING: Water is required for agriculture. Sometimes this water requirement is fulfilled by rain, but there are some dry areas where irrigation is the only process by which water is supplied to crops.

4. DEFINITION: Irrigation is defined as a process of supplying water to crops artificially.

5. SURFACE IRRIGATION: Surface irrigation is defined as the group of application techniques where water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity. It is by far the most common form of irrigation throughout the world and has been practiced in many areas virtually unchanged for thousands of years..

6. SURFACE IRRIGATION:

7. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION: Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.

8. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION:

9. DRIP IRRIGATION: Drip irrigation is a technique in which water flows through a filter into special drip pipes, with emitters located at different spacing. Water is distributed through the emitters directly into the soil near the roots through a special slow-release device.

10. DRIP IRRIGATION:

11. SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION: Subsurface irrigation consists of methods whereby irrigation water is applied below the soil surface. The specific type of irrigation method varies depending on the depth of the water table. When the water table is well below the surface, drip or trickle irrigation emission devices can be buried below the soil surface (usually within the plant root zone).

12. SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION:

13. SURFACE IRRIGATION: FLOODING METHOD FURROW METHOD CONTOUR FARMING

14. FLOODING METHOD: Some methods of flood control have been practiced since ancient times. These methods include planting vegetation to retain extra water, terracing hillsides to slow flow downhill, and the construction of flood ways (man-made channels to divert floodwater).

15. FLOODING METHOD:

16. FURROW METHOD: Furrow irrigation is a type of surface irrigation in which trenches or “ furrows ” are dug between crop rows in a field. Farmers flow water down the furrows (often using only gravity) and it seeps vertically and horizontally to refill the soil reservoir. Flow to each furrow is individually controlled.

17. CONTOUR FARMING: Contour farming is growing crops "on the level" across or perpendicular to a slope rather than up and down the slope. The rows running across the slope are designed to be as level as possible to facilitate tillage and planting operations on the contour .

18. CONTOUR FARMING:

19. FLOODING METHOD: WILD FLOODING CONTROLED FLOODING

20. WILD FLOODING: Wild flooding is when water is allowed to flow freely across farmland. It is a relatively cheap form of irrigation, but uses water inefficiently and some areas get more than others.

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