ISO 2709.pptx

Bibliographical information plays an important role information retrieval for the research community particularly in the field of science and technology. But during the bibliographical information exchange certain problems arise and more when the information interchange is on magnetic tape or CD-ROM. Different international organisations such as UNESCO/PGI, UNISIST, ICSU, IFLA, ISO have taken many steps towards the standardisation of bibliographic exchange formats. The process of standardisation follows a set of codes given by International Standard Organisation (ISO).

1. ISO – 2709 (Bibliographic Format;ISO 2709

2. Introduction Bibliographical information plays an important role information retrieval for the research community particularly in the field of science and technology. But during the bibliographical information exchange certain problems arise and more when the information interchange is on magnetic tape or CD-ROM. Different international organisations such as UNESCO/PGI, UNISIST, ICSU, IFLA, ISO have taken many steps towards the standardisation of bibliographic exchange formats. The process of standardisation follows a set of codes given by International Standard Organisation (ISO).

3. Contd.. ISO is International Organization for Standardization. ISO 2709 is an international format for information interchange It is the world’s largest developer and publisher of international standards. It is developed in 23 February 1947. They give world-class specifications for products, services and systems to unsure quality, safety and efficiency. International standards make thing work. They are instrumental in facilitating international trade

4. What are Bibliographic Formats

5. Bibliographic levels

6. International Bibliographic Formats

7. History and development of ISO It was first created as ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.2, one of the first standards for information technology and called Information Interchange Format. Developed by Henriette Avram in late 1960’s. First version was published in 1973. Revised and Second edition was published in 1981. Latest version in ISO 2709:2008. 1946, delegates from 25 countries met in London and decided to create a new international organization, of which the object would be "to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards". The new organization, ISO, officially began operations on 23 February 1947, in Geneva, Switzerland

8. What are Standards?

9. What is Standard Organization? A standards organization, standards body, standards developing organization (SDO), or standards setting organization (SSO) is an organization whose primary activities are developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing, interpreting, or otherwise producing technical standards that are intended to address the needs of some relatively wide base of affected adopters. Standards organizations can be classified by their role, position, and the extent of their influence on the local, national, regional, and global standardization arena

10. Major purpose of Standardization

11. ISO 2709

12. Objectives OF ISO 2709 To permit the exchange of bibliographic records between groups of libraries and abstracting and indexing Services. To permit a bibliographic agency to manipulate bibliographic records received from both libraries and abstracting and indexing services. To serve as the basis of a format for an agency’s own bibliographic database by providing a list of useful data elements. To assist the development of individual systems

13. Structure of Bibliographic Record The general structure of a bibliographic record consists of four major parts: Record label Directory Data fields Record separator

14. BASIC STRUCTURE Record label This area of the record contains general information which may be needed in processing the record, constituted according to the provision of IS0 2709. Record label Contains data that identify to the system, the type of record contains necessary for the processing of the record . The first 24 characters of the record. This is the only portion of the record that is fixed in length. The record label includes the record length and the base address of the data contained in the record. It also has data elements that indicate how many characters are used for indicators and subfield identifiers.

15. Contd … Directory Contains ‘Content designator’ for each data field followed by an indication of the position in the record where the data relating to that field and the length of the field. If a field is repeated, it has two entries in the directory, one for each appearance. The directory provides the entry positions to the fields in the record, along with the field tags. A directory entry has five parts and cannot exceed nine characters in length.

16. Contd..

17. Data fields (Variable fields) A string containing all field and subfield data in the record Data Field A variable length portion of the particular category of data associated with one entry in the directory. A data field may contain one or more sub field. The last components are the form and content of the data elements, varies according to the ‘cataloguing rules’ used as well as according to the way the different data element prescribed by the rules and divided up and separately identified by the format. Data Field Structure Indictors - 3characters Subfield Identifier - 2characters Subfield -Variables Field Separator - 1 character

18. Record separator The record separator is the final character of the record. It follows the field separator of the final data field of the record. This will always be a single character.

19. Content Designator

20. Tags

21. Scope This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed especially for communications between data processing systems and not for use as a processing format within systems As an ISO 2709 based MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data is designed to be a carrier for bibliographic information about printed and manuscript textual materials, computer files, maps, music, continuing resources, visual materials, and mixed materials

22. Advantages OF ISO 2709 It provides a small number of mandatory data elements, which are recognized by all sectors of the information community as essential in order to identify an item. It gives mandatory data elements that are sufficiently flexible to accommodate varying descriptive practices. It also provides a number of optional elements, which may be useful to describe an item according to practices of the agency, which creates the record. It provides a mechanism for linking records and segments of records without imposing on the originating agency any uniform practice regarding the treatment of related groups of records or data elements.

23. Conclusion During the last 25+ years, a radical change has occurred in the mechanism for transfer of bibliographic data. The current situation is both success and failure; success, because millions of records structured according to IS0 2709 are now available for exchange. Some national formats, for example UNIMARC, have become virtually international. IS0 2709 will remain as a universally recognised standard for MARC. MARC is a set of codes defining the data dements of a record in automated systems. It is estimated that MARC and other exchange formats will continue for some time. As long as organisations wish to exchange record or derive bibliographic data from central agencies, and until computer technologists devise cost effective and relatively simple ways of transferring bibliographic data in different formats between systems, exchange formats remain necessary.