isolation

isolation

1. ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

2. ISOLATION The separation of a person with infectious disease from contact with other human beings for the period of communicability

3. Of all the links in the chain of infection, the mode of transmission is the easiest to break

4. Transmission-Based Precautions Airborne Precautions Droplet Precautions Contact Precautions

5. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS Causative agents of diseases under airborne precaution are less than 5 μ m , thus can be carried away by air currents

6. DISEASES UNDER AIRBORNE PRECAUTION Measles Tuberculosis (Pulmonary/Laryngeal) Varicella

7. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS Patient Placement Single room with negative air pressure 6-12 air exchanges per hour Room door closed

8. Testing Negative Pressure Automatic pressure monitors The smoke tube

9. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS Protection for HCW Applay Standard Precautions N95 respirator will be used as PPE

10. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS Patient Transport Limit patient movement the patient should wear a surgical mask outside the isolation room

11. SEAL CHECK Every time you wear the 95 mask ,you should make Sure that it is well sealed over Your face featueres

12. Sealed testing Respiratory Protection N95 respirator Airborne Precautions

13. TUBERCULOSIS Laryngeal/Pulmonary TB with positive smear sputum sample for acid fast bacilli is transmitted by airborne. After 2 weeks from starting effective treatment, 3 sputum samples (with 8 hours in between & at least one morning sample) should be negative to discontinue the isolation.

14. MERS CoV Suspected or confirmed cases of MERS-COV will be under AIRBORNE and CONTACT PRECAUTION. For positive cases we can discontinue isolation 48hrs after S/S disappearance with at least one negative lab result.

15. DROPLET PRECAUTIONS Causative agents of diseases under droplet precaution are greater than 5 μ m . They can travel up to 3 feet (1 meter) before falling to the ground

16. DISEASES UNDER DROPLET PRECAUTION Haemophilus influenzae type B disease, including meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottis and sepsis Streptococcal (group A) pharyngitis , scarlet fever in infants and young children Influenza, Mumps

17. DROPLET PRECAUTIONS Patient placement Private room Cohort nursing Maintain special separation of at least 3 feet (1 meter) in between

18. DROPLET PRECAUTIONS Protection for HCW Standard precautions Surgical mask if working within 3 feet of the patient Patient Transport Limit movement Mask the patient with surgical mask

19. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS Use In addition to standard precaution, for patients known or suspected to have serious illness transmitted through contact

20. TYPES OF TRANSMISSION Direct Contact Transmission In-Direct Contact Transmission

21. DISEASES UNDER CONTACT PRECAUTION Multi-drug resistant microorganisms (MDRO’s), VRE, MRSA, ESBL, B.cepacia RSV infection in infants, young childrena nd immunocompromised patients Clostridium defficile enterocolitis

22. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS Patient placement Private room Cohort nursing

23. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS Protection for HCW Handwashing Gloves Gown Patient Transport Limit movement

24. MDRO All Colonization/Infection patients with MDRO should be under Contact Isolation. Isolation can be discontinued after receiving 3 negative lab result 48hrs after antimicrobial discontinuation.

25. EMPIRIC ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS The risk of infection transmission may be highest before a definitive diagnosis can be reached Therefore, patients with certain clinical syndromes should be isolated empirically until we have a definitive diagnosis.

26. EMPIRIC ISOLATION Example Patient with chronic cough more than 2 weeks, fever, weight loss, and night sweat . The patient should be under empiric airborne Isolation until sputum sample AFB lab result is received If positive continu isolation. If 3 negative , D/C isolation

27. PROTECTIVE ISOLATION It is implemented for immunocompromised patient. Patient is placed in positive pressure room. With HEPA-FILTER for air supply. Sick people are not allowed to visit the patient. Pets and plants are also not allowed.

28. CARD

29. THANK YOU!!!!