IT DESCRIBE ABOUT THE LINE SIZING OF PIPE

LINE SIZING

1. DESIGN PROGRAMDESIGN PROGRAM
FORFOR
LINE SIZINGLINE SIZING
&&
PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONPRESSURE DROP CALCULATION

2. WHAT IS LINE SIZING ????WHAT IS LINE SIZING ????

HydraulicsHydraulics

A step in hydraulicsA step in hydraulics

Pressure drop calculations.Pressure drop calculations.

Velocity calculations.Velocity calculations.

Pipe diameter calculations.Pipe diameter calculations.
ECONOMYECONOMY

3. TECHNICAL GUIDELINESTECHNICAL GUIDELINES

ElevationElevation
It is a major component in It is a major component in
hydraulics of any fluid flow system. hydraulics of any fluid flow system.
Elevation differences are like a Elevation differences are like a
constraint and to be considered firstconstraint and to be considered first

4. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…

Control valvesControl valves
Control valves are usually sized to Control valves are usually sized to
have a pressure drop of 30% of the total have a pressure drop of 30% of the total
pressure drop of the circuit excluding pressure drop of the circuit excluding
elevation differences.elevation differences.

5. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…

EquipmentsEquipments
Equipment usually have relatively Equipment usually have relatively
low pressure drop individually, but their low pressure drop individually, but their
contribution increases as more equipment are contribution increases as more equipment are
added in series.added in series.

6. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…

Line FittingsLine Fittings
This refers to strainers, drainers, This refers to strainers, drainers,
steam traps, static mixers etc. steam traps, static mixers etc.

7. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…
SERVICE PRESSURE
(bar g)
LINE
SIZE
MAZIMUM
VELOCITY
(m/s)
Maximum
ρV² (Kg.m.sˉ²)
∆P
bar/km
Gases: General (1)P < 20
20< P ≤50
50< P ≤80
80< P ≤120
P > 120
60
50
40
30
30
15000
15000
15000
15000
20000
Compressor Suction
(3)
Reciprocating
Centrifugal
Reboiler return
(2)
(3)
(5)
3000
6000
Heat exchanger
nozzle (in/out) (3)
3.05 6000
Steam lines
Saturated

P ≤ 10, L ≤ 200m
P ≤ 10, L > 200m
10 < P ≤ 30,L ≤ 200m
10 < P ≤ 30,L > 200m
P > 30, L ≤ 200m
P > 30, L > 200m
42
42
30
30
15000
15000
15000
15000
15000
15000
0.5 – 1.0
0.15 – 0.25
1.2 – 1.3
0.25 – 1.0
1.2 – 2.3
0.35 – 1.0
Steam lines
Super Saturated (1)
(3)
≤ 2”
3” - 8”
≥ 10”
15
40
60
15000
15000
15000
LINE SIZING CRITERIA FOR GASES AND VAPOURS:

8. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…TECHNICAL GUIDELINES…
LINE SIZING CRITERIA FOR LIQUIDS

Service Line size Maximum Velocity
(m/s)
Pressure Drop
Normal Max
Bar/km Bar/km
Pump Suction, bubble point (1)
(3)
(Maximum velocity can go up
to 2m/s)
≤2”
3” – 10”
12” – 18”
≥20”
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Pump Suction, subcooled (3)
(Maximum velocity can go up
to 3m/s)
≤2”
3” – 6”
8” – 18”
≥20”
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
Pump discharge,
P ≤ 50 bar g
1.5 to 6 3.5 4.5
Pump discharge,
P > 50 bar g
1.5 to 6 7 9
Gravity flow 0.5 to 0.6 0.25 0.45
Side – stream draw-off (2) ≤2”
≥3”
0.6
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.9
0.9
Cooling water 3 2.3 3.5
BFW 6 3.5 4.5
Reboiler feed for Indication 0.2 0.4

9. LINE SIZING PROGRAMLINE SIZING PROGRAM
A program designed to A program designed to
calculate the frictional pressure drop in calculate the frictional pressure drop in
a given pipe line due to various fittings, a given pipe line due to various fittings,
elevation and other factors. elevation and other factors.

10. PROGRAM LOGICPROGRAM LOGIC
CALCULATIONS
OUTPUT
INPUT

12. LINE SIZE AND PRESSURE LINE SIZE AND PRESSURE
DROP CALCULATIONSDROP CALCULATIONS

USING THE PROGRAMUSING THE PROGRAM
**The user has to put the required data in the white The user has to put the required data in the white
background cells only. The other cells have been made background cells only. The other cells have been made
write protected to protect the program from being write protected to protect the program from being
accidental deletion or modification.accidental deletion or modification.
*The program can be used for 3 pipe segments at a *The program can be used for 3 pipe segments at a
time. The user has to put the following data in the time. The user has to put the following data in the
provided programprovided program..

13. INPUTSINPUTS

Nominal or Internal diameter: Nominal or Internal diameter:
Enter ‘N’ if you have nominal Enter ‘N’ if you have nominal
diameter and enter ‘I’ if you have internal diameter and enter ‘I’ if you have internal
diameter. If you won’t enter any thing or diameter. If you won’t enter any thing or
enter something else than N/I , it will show enter something else than N/I , it will show
“ wrong dia definition” in pipe data analysis “ wrong dia definition” in pipe data analysis
box.box.

14. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Diameter:Diameter:
Enter the value of diameter in Enter the value of diameter in
‘inches’. If you are entering nominal ‘inches’. If you are entering nominal
diameter it will take only certain valid diameter it will take only certain valid
values(0.125,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,2,2.5,3,4,6,8,10,values(0.125,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,2,2.5,3,4,6,8,10,
12,14,16,18,20,24,26,28,30,32,34,36) or else 12,14,16,18,20,24,26,28,30,32,34,36) or else
it will display “nominal dia not available” in it will display “nominal dia not available” in
pipe data analysis box.pipe data analysis box.

15. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Schedule:Schedule:
Enter the value of schedule if Enter the value of schedule if
you know. If you put ‘X’ , it will take default you know. If you put ‘X’ , it will take default
value as ‘STD’ . Available input values are value as ‘STD’ . Available input values are
given in Note 3 in program sheet. It will given in Note 3 in program sheet. It will
show “wrong schedule” in pipe data analysis show “wrong schedule” in pipe data analysis
box if the value of schedule is not a valid box if the value of schedule is not a valid
one.one.

16. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Pipe roughness:Pipe roughness:
Enter the value of roughness in Enter the value of roughness in
‘inches’. If you put ‘X’ , it will take default ‘inches’. If you put ‘X’ , it will take default
value as 0.0018 inches (for commercial value as 0.0018 inches (for commercial
steel). You can get the values for different steel). You can get the values for different
materials from table given in program sheet.materials from table given in program sheet.

17. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Phase:Phase:
Enter ‘L’ or ‘G’ or ‘M’ for liquid , Enter ‘L’ or ‘G’ or ‘M’ for liquid ,
gas or mixed phase. It will display “ wrong gas or mixed phase. It will display “ wrong
phase definition” in process data analysis phase definition” in process data analysis
box if value entered is other than these.box if value entered is other than these.

18. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Liquid flow rate:Liquid flow rate:
Enter the value of liquid flow Enter the value of liquid flow
rate if applicable in ‘Kg/hr’.rate if applicable in ‘Kg/hr’.

Gas flow rate:Gas flow rate:
Enter the value of gas flow rate Enter the value of gas flow rate
if applicable in ‘Kg/hr’.if applicable in ‘Kg/hr’.

19. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Temperature:Temperature:
Enter the value of temperature Enter the value of temperature
of stream in ‘ of stream in ‘
00
C’.C’.

Pressure:Pressure:
Enter the value of pressure of Enter the value of pressure of
system in ‘barg’.system in ‘barg’.

20. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Molecular weight of gas:Molecular weight of gas:
Enter the value of molecular Enter the value of molecular
weight of gas in case M or G phase is there.weight of gas in case M or G phase is there.

Liquid density:Liquid density:
Enter the value of density of Enter the value of density of
liquid in ‘Kg/m3’.liquid in ‘Kg/m3’.

21. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Gas density:Gas density:
Enter the value in ‘Kg/m3’ if Enter the value in ‘Kg/m3’ if
available or put ‘X’. If you put ‘X’, it will available or put ‘X’. If you put ‘X’, it will
calculate the value of gas density with given calculate the value of gas density with given
data.data.

Cp/Cv:Cp/Cv:
Enter the value of k=Cp/Cv if Enter the value of k=Cp/Cv if
available. If you put ‘X’ it will take default available. If you put ‘X’ it will take default
value as 1.value as 1.

22. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Gas compressibility factor:Gas compressibility factor:
Enter value if available or enter Enter value if available or enter
‘X’ for default value as 1.‘X’ for default value as 1.

Gas viscosity:Gas viscosity:
Enter value in ‘cP’ or put ‘X’ for Enter value in ‘cP’ or put ‘X’ for
default value as 0.025.default value as 0.025.

23. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Liquid/Mixed phase viscosity:Liquid/Mixed phase viscosity:
Enter the value in ‘cP’.Enter the value in ‘cP’.

Liquid surface tension:Liquid surface tension:
Enter the value in ‘dynes/cm’.Enter the value in ‘dynes/cm’.

24. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Physical length:Physical length:
Enter the value of physical length Enter the value of physical length
of pipe in ‘meters’.of pipe in ‘meters’.

Delta elevation:Delta elevation:
Enter the value of elevation, if Enter the value of elevation, if
any, in ‘meters’. It should be positive value any, in ‘meters’. It should be positive value
only.only.

25. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Number of fittings:Number of fittings:
Enter the number of fittings Enter the number of fittings
present in the pipe line like valves, present in the pipe line like valves,
elbows or tees etc. in the different elbows or tees etc. in the different
rows as specified in program sheet.rows as specified in program sheet.

26. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Sudden enlargement nominal Sudden enlargement nominal
diameter:diameter:
If there is sudden enlargement in pipe line, If there is sudden enlargement in pipe line,
then the nominal diameter of that enlarged then the nominal diameter of that enlarged
section is to be put here in ‘inches’.section is to be put here in ‘inches’.

Sudden contraction nominal diameter:Sudden contraction nominal diameter:
If there is sudden contraction in pipe line, If there is sudden contraction in pipe line,
then the nominal diameter of that section is then the nominal diameter of that section is
to be put here in ‘inches’.to be put here in ‘inches’.

27. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Pipe sharp edged entrance:Pipe sharp edged entrance:
Enter the number of sharp edged Enter the number of sharp edged
entrances in the pipe line.entrances in the pipe line.

Pipe exit:Pipe exit:
Enter the number of pipe exits in Enter the number of pipe exits in
the pipeline.the pipeline.

28. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Sum of other equivalent lengths:Sum of other equivalent lengths:
If there are some fittings in the If there are some fittings in the
pipeline which are not specified in the pipeline which are not specified in the
program, they can be incorporated here. You program, they can be incorporated here. You
can take the L/D value from the table given can take the L/D value from the table given
in the program sheet. Here you will enter in the program sheet. Here you will enter
the sum of all L/D values of fittings the sum of all L/D values of fittings
multiplied with the number of that fittings.multiplied with the number of that fittings.

29. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Sum of other K’s:Sum of other K’s:
Here you have to enter sum of Here you have to enter sum of
other K values which are present in the pipe other K values which are present in the pipe
line but not covered in the program sheet. line but not covered in the program sheet.
Here you will enter the sum of all K values of Here you will enter the sum of all K values of
fittings multiplied with number of that fittings multiplied with number of that
fittings.fittings.

30. INPUTS………INPUTS………

Sum of other Pressure drops:Sum of other Pressure drops:
Enter the value of other Enter the value of other
pressure drops in ‘bars’ which are not pressure drops in ‘bars’ which are not
covered in the program sheet.covered in the program sheet.

31. CALCULATIONSCALCULATIONS
The calculations are done actively The calculations are done actively
and results are displayed online i.e. change in and results are displayed online i.e. change in
any parameter or value will be reflected any parameter or value will be reflected
instantaneously in the output. The various instantaneously in the output. The various
formulae and tables used in the program are formulae and tables used in the program are
summarized here.summarized here.

32. FORMULAE AND EQUATIONSFORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

33. FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS….FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS….

34. FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS….FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS….

35. SYMBOLS AND LEGENDSSYMBOLS AND LEGENDS

36. SYMBOLS AND LEGENDS….SYMBOLS AND LEGENDS….

37. OUTPUTOUTPUT

Flow characteristicsFlow characteristics

Equivalent lengthEquivalent length

Total KTotal K

Mixed phase densityMixed phase density

Mixed phase flow patternMixed phase flow pattern

Gas densityGas density

Gas viscosityGas viscosity

Cp/CvCp/Cv

38. OUTPUT……OUTPUT……

Compressibility factorCompressibility factor

Sonic velocitySonic velocity

Mach NumberMach Number

Maximum Allowable velocityMaximum Allowable velocity

Minimum allowable velocityMinimum allowable velocity

VelocityVelocity

Frictional pressure drop per lengthFrictional pressure drop per length

Total frictional pressure dropTotal frictional pressure drop