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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2018 with funding from
Kahle/Austin Foundation
https://archive.org/details/italian0000unse_v1e2

Advanced Italian
Edited by
Laura Riggio and Giuseppe Manca
LIVING LANGUAGE8

Copyright © 2011 by Living Language, an imprint of Random House, Inc.
Content in this program has been modified and enhanced from Starting Out in Italian and Complete
Course Italian: The Basics, both published in 2008.
Living Language and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Published in the United States by Living Language, an imprint of Random House, Inc.
www.livinglanguage.com
Editor: Laura Riggio
Production Editor: Ciara Robinson
Production Manager: Tom Marshall
Interior Design: Sophie Chin
Illustrations: Sophie Chin
First Edition
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Advanced Italian / edited by Laura Riggio and Giuseppe Manca.—1st ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-307-97158-6
1. Italian language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. 2. Italian language—Grammar.
3. Italian language—Spoken Italian. I. Riggio, Laura. II. Manca, Giuseppe.
PC1129.E5A38 2011
458.2'421—dc23 2011021875
This book is available at special discounts for bulk purchases for sales promotions or premiums.
Special editions, including personalized covers, excerpts of existing books, and corporate imprints,
can be created in large quantities for special needs. For more information, write to Special Markets/
Premium Sales, 1745 Broadway, MD 3-1, New York, New York 10019 or e-mail specialmarkets@
randomhouse.com.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
10 9 8 76 5

Acknowledgements
Thanks to the Living Language team: Amanda DAcierno, Christopher Warnasch,
Suzanne McQuade, Laura Riggio, Erin Quirk, Amanda Munoz, Fabrizio LaRocca,
Siobhan O’Hare, Sophie Chin, Sue Daulton, Alison Skrabek, Carolyn Roth, Ciara
Robinson, and Tom Marshall.

Course Outline
UNIT 1: Getting Around Italy
LESSON 1
Words
13
LESSON 2
Phrases
22
LESSON 3
Sentences
31
More on Using the The Pronoun ci Comparatives of
Past and Imperfect 24 Equality
Tenses 33
14 Double Object
Pronouns Comparatives of
Modal verbs, sapere, 27 Inequality
and conoscere in the
past or imperfect
18
36
LESSON 4
Conversations
40
Superlatives
43
The Past Perfect
48

UNIT 2: Getting Around Town
LESSON 5
Words
64
Expressing Duration
of an Action
65
Disjunctive
Pronouns
68
LESSON 6
Phrases
73
The Informal
Imperative
74
LESSON 7
Sentences
83
The Present
Conditional
84
The Informal
Imperative and
Pronouns
79
The Past
Conditional
88
LESSON 8
Conversations
93
Suffixes
96
Ordinal Numbers
100

UNIT 3: Talking About Health 11
LESSON 9
Words
118
Irregular Plurals of
Nouns
120
Irregular Singular
Nouns with Regular
Plural Forms
123
LESSON 10
Phrases
127
The Impersonal
Construction
129
Relative Pronouns
132
LESSON 11
Sentences
136
Adverbs
138
Reflexive Verbs of
Reciprocity
142
LESSON 12
Conversations
146
--f-
Indefinite Adjectives
and Pronouns
149
Indefinites Used as
Either Adjectives or
Pronouns
155

UNIT 4: Sports and Hobbies 171
LESSON 13
Words
172
LESSON 14
Phrases
181
LESSON 15 LESSON 16
Sentences Conversations
189 199
The Present Verbs that Require Infinitive Verbs Followed
Subjunctive the Subjunctive Constructions by Verbs in the
173 182 191 Infinitive
202
The Past Subjunctive Impersonal Expressing
177 Expressions with the to take time The Formal
Subjunctive 194 Imperative
185 207
Pronunciation Guide 2:
Grammar Summary 21
Glossary 261

How to Use This Course
Welcome to Living Language Advanced Italian!
Before we begin, let’s take a quick look at what you’ll see in this course.
CONTENT
Advanced Italian is a continuation of Intermediate Italian. Now that you’ve
mastered the basics with Essential and Intermediate Italian, you’ll take your
Italian even further with a comprehensive look at irregular verbs, advanced verb
tenses, and complex sentences.
UNITS
There are four units in this course. Each unit has four lessons arranged in a
“building block” structure: the first lesson will present essential words, the second
will introduce longer phrases, the third will teach sentences, and the fourth will
show how everything works together in everyday conversations.
At the beginning of each unit is an introduction highlighting what you’ll learn in
that unit. At the end of each unit you’ll find the Unit Essentials, which reviews
the key information from that unit, and a self-graded Unit Quiz, which tests what
you’ve learned.
LESSONS
There are four lessons per unit for a total of 16 lessons in the course. Each lesson
has the following components:
Q
Advanced Italian

• Introduction outlining what you will cover in the lesson.
• Word Builder 1 (first lesson of the unit) presenting key words and phrases.
• Phrase Builder 1 (second lesson of the unit) introducing longer phrases and
expressions.
• Sentence Builder 1 (third lesson of the unit) teaching sentences.
• Conversation 1 (fourth lesson of the unit) for a natural dialogue that brings
together important vocabulary and grammar from the unit.
• Take It Further providing extra information about the new vocabulary you just
saw, expanding on certain grammar points, or introducing additional words and
phrases.
• Word/Phrase/Sentence/Conversation Practice 1 practicing what you learned in
Word Builder 1, Phrase Builder 1, Sentence Builder 1, or Conversation 1.
• Grammar Builder 1 guiding you through important Italian grammar that you
need to know.
• Work Out 1 for a comprehensive practice of what you saw in Grammar Builder 1.
• Word Builder 2/Phrase Builder 2/Sentence Builder 2/Conversation 2 for
more key words, phrases, or sentences, or a second dialogue.
• Take It Further for expansion on what you’ve seen so far and additional
vocabulary.
• Word/Phrase/Sentence/Conversation Practice 2 practicing what you learned
in Word Builder 2, Phrase Builder 2, Sentence Builder 2, or Conversation 2.
• Grammar Builder 2 for more information on Italian grammar.
• Work Out 2 for a comprehensive practice of what you saw in Grammar Builder 2.
• Tip or Culture Note for a helpful language tip or useful cultural information
related to the lesson or unit.
How to Use This Course q

• Drive It Home reviewing important grammar and vocabulary from the lesson.
• How Did You Do? outlining what you learned in the lesson.
UNIT ESSENTIALS
You will see Unit Essentials at the end of every unit. This section summarizes
and reviews the key information from the unit, but with missing vocabulary
information for you to fill in. In other words, each Unit Essentials works as both a
study guide and a blank “cheat sheet.” Once you complete it, you’ll have your very
own reference for the most essential vocabulary and grammar from the unit.
UNIT QUIZ
After each Unit Essentials, you’ll see a Unit Quiz. The quizzes are self-graded so
it’s easy for you to test your progress and see if you should go back and review.
PROGRESS BAR
You will see a Progress Bar on each page that has course material. It indicates
your current position within the unit and lets you know how much progress
you’re making. Each line in the bar represents a Grammar Builder section.
AUDIO
Look for the symbol to help guide you through the audio as you’re reading the
book. It will tell you which track to listen to for each section that has audio. When
you see the symbol, select the indicated track and start listening. If you don’t see
the symbol, then there isn’t any audio for that section. You’ll also see , which
will tell you where that track ends.
You can listen to the audio on its own, when you’re on the go, to brush up on your
pronunciation or review what you’ve learned in the book.
Q
Advanced Italian

PRONUNCIATION GUIDE, GRAMMAR
SUMMARY, GLOSSARY
At the back of this book you will find a Pronunciation Guide, Grammar
Summary, and Glossary. The Pronunciation Guide provides information on
Italian pronunciation and the phonetics system used in this course. The Grammar
Summary contains a brief overview of key Italian grammar from Essential and
Intermediate Italian. The Glossary (Italian-English and English-Italian) includes
all of the essential words from Essential and Intermediate Italian, as well as
additional vocabulary.
FREE ONLINE TOOLS
Go to www.livinglanguage.com/languagelab to access your free online tools.
The tools are organized around the units in this course, with audiovisual
flashcards, and interactive games and quizzes. These tools will help you to review
and practice the vocabulary and grammar that you’ve seen in the units, as well as
provide some bonus words and phrases related to the unit’s topic.
How to Use This Course 0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
Unit 1:
Getting Around Italy
If you intend to travel in Italy, there are amazing choices: the seaside, the Alps,
beautiful alpine lakes, little towns built on rocky hills, beautiful cities rich in art
and history, and more. Are you ready to learn how to explain what you want to a
travel agent? By the end of this unit, you’ll know:
vocabulary related to nature
more on using past tenses
vocabulary related to travel and tourism
how to express must, want, can, and know in the past
how to say there using the pronoun c
how to form sentences with both direct and indirect objects
ways to compare things using as
ways to compare things using more than and less than
how to say the most and the least
how to say I had gone
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
Lesson 1: Words
By the end of this lesson, youTl know:
vocabulary related to nature
— more on using past tenses
vocabulary related to travel and tourism
how to express must, want, can, and know in the past
Word Builder 1
© 1A Word Builder 1 (CD 7, Track 1)
(il) mare sea, seaside
(la) spiaggia beach
(la) montagna mountains
(la) campagna country, countryside
(la) gita day trip/short trip
(la ) nuvola cloud
(il) sole sun
(la) pioggia rain
(il) vento wind
(il) tuono thunder
(il) fulmine lightning
(la) neve snow
Unit 1 Lesson 1: Words o

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the pas t or imperfect
% Word Practice 1
A. Translate the following words into English.
1. (la) nuvola
2. (la) neve
3. (la) gita
4. (la) spiaggia
5. (il) fulmine_
B. Translate the following words into Italian.
1. mountains
2. rain
3. sea
4. sun
5. wind
ANSWER KEY
A. 1. cloud; 2. snow; 3. day trip; 4. beach; 5. lightning
B. 1. (la) montagna; 2. (la) pioggia; 3. (il) mare; 4. (il) sole; 5. (il) vento
Grammar Builder 1
® IB Grammar Builder 1 (CD 7, Track 2)
MORE ON USING THE PAST AND IMPERFECT TENSES
In Lessons 15 and 19 of Intermediate Italian, we studied the past tense and the
imperfect, both used to speak of events that occurred in the past. However,
while the past is a narrative tense, the imperfect is a descriptive tense. When we
want to speak about a past action that occurred in a specific moment in time, no
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality
Comparatives of Inequality \e Past Perfect
matter how long it lasted, we use the passato, while when we want to describe
the circumstances associated with a past action, we use the imperfetto. In other
words, the imperfetto expresses the physical or psychological circumstances
surrounding the action, which is expressed by the passato.
As we saw in Lesson 19, the imperfetto is used to express a habitual action in the
past, as well as a progressive action in the past.
Quando andavo in montagna facevo molte escursioni.
When I used to go to the mountains, I would hike a lot.
Mentre camminavo improwisamente ha cominciato a piovere.
I was walking, when all of a sudden it started to rain.
In addition, the imperfetto is used to express age, time, weather, and a physical
or emotional state in the past.
Quando avevo dieci anni andavo sempre al lago.
When I was ten, I would always go to the lake.
Erano le 11:30 quando finalmente siamo partiti.
It was 11:30 when we finally left.
II sole splendeva e non c’era una nuvola in cielo.
The sun was shining and there wasn’t a single cloud in the sky.
Ero molto felice.
I was very happy.
Unit 1 Lesson 1: Words
0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere
in the past or imperfect
\ Work Out 1
Complete the following sentences using either the past or the imperfect of the
verbs in parentheses as appropriate.
1.
(arrivare).
2. Voi non (andare) al parco perche
__ _(piovere) molto forte.
3. Loro (mangiare) quando Enrico
(entrare) in casa.
4. Mentre lui (dormire) Mariella
(leggere) un libro.
5. Noi (avere) dieci anni quando _
_(venire) a vivere in America.
ANSWER KEY
1. era, e arrivato; 2. siete andati/e, pioveva; 3. mangiavano, e entrato; 4. dormiva, leggeva;
5. avevamo, siamo venuti/e
Word Builder 2
© 1C Word Builder 2 (CD 7, Track 3)
trip
island
Sardinia
Sicily
story, history
culture
(il) viaggio_
(l’)isola
(la) Sardegna
(la) Sicilia
(la) storia
(la) cultura
Q
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality
Comparatives of Inequality
1 1
t The Past Perfect
(il) tempio temple
greco
i arabo
Greek
Arab
1 barocco baroque
selvaggio
entrambi/ entrambe
wild
both (of them)
% Word Practice 2
Match the following expressions.
1. greco
2. il) tempio
3. arabo
a. Sardinia
b. both (of them)
c. temple
4. (la) cultura
5. la) Sardegna
6. entrambi/entrambe
7. sola
8. selvaggio
d. island
e. wild
f. Greek
g. Arab
h. culture
ANSWER KEY
1. f; 2. c; 3. g; 4. h; 5. a; 6. b; 7. d; 8. e
Unit 1 Lesson 1: Words o

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
.t.\.
I
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere
in the past or imperfect
Grammar Builder 2
® ID Grammar Builder 2 (CD 7, Track 4)
MODAL VERBS, SAPERE, AND CONOSCERE IN THE PAST OR
IMPERFECT
Modal verbs (dove , vclerc , and poterc) have slightly different meanings when
used in the past or the imperfect. Generally, the past has a stronger meaning than
the imperfect, as exemplified in the following sentences:
Dovevo andare a cena a casa di amici dei miei genitori.
I was supposed to go to dinner at my parents’ friends’ house. (I didn’t necessarily go)
Sono dovuta andare a cena a casa di amici dei miei genitori.
I had to go to dinner at my parents’ friends’ house. (I did go)
Volevo fare un viaggio in Sicilia.
I wanted to take a trip to Sicily. (I didn’t necessarily go)
Ho voluto fare un viaggio in Sicilia.
I wanted to take a trip to Sicily. (I did go)
Potevo andare in montagna.
I could have gone to the mountains. (I had the means and opportunity, but I didn’t
necessarily go)
Sono potuto andare in montagna.
I managed to go to the mountains.
Also, the verbs and have a slightly different meaning when used
in the past or the imperfect.
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equaiity Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
When used in the imperfect, conoscere means to be familiar with, while in the
past it means to meet (for the first time).
Non conoscevo Giuseppe Nannini, ma Pho conosciuto ieri sera.
I didn’t know Giuseppe Nannini, but I met him last night.
Used in the imperfect, sapere means to be aware, while in the past it means to
find out.
Non sapevo che volevi andare in vacanza con Gigi.
I didn’t know you wanted to go on vacation with Gigi.
Hanno saputo che lui e gia partito.
They found out that he has already left.
\ Work Out 2
Complete the following sentences with either the past or the imperfect of the
verbs in parentheses.
1. Lui ha vinto un milione di euro alia lotteria e
(potere) permettersi di fare un viaggio di un anno intorno al mondo.
2. Noi_ _ (dovere) andare in Italia quest’estate, ma Mirko
si e ammalato e cosi non andremo.
3. “Tu __(sapere) che Franco si e fidanzato?” Si, P_
__(sapere) la settimana scorsa.
Unit 1 Lesson 1: Words
0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere
in the past or imperfect
4. Quando ho visto quel vestito, 1’
a tutti i costi!
5. Quando ha cominciato a piovere, loro
(dovere) interrompere la passeggiata.
ANSWER KEY
1. ha potut(> 2. dovevamo; 3. sapevi? ho saputO; 4. ho voluto; 5. hanno dovuto
% Drive It Home
Complete the following sentences using either the past or the imperfect of the
verbs in parentheses.
1. Quando Paolo (arrivare)
_ _la televisione.
2. Quando lui (essere) un bambino (avere)_ _molti
giocattoli.
3. Mentre lei (cucinare) suo fratello (preparare)
_il caffe.
4. Quando noi (arrivare)
sole (splendere) __.
5. Ieri alia festa di Laura io (essere) molto annoiato, ma poi (conoscere)
Franco e insieme (divertirsi)
tanto.
6. Lei (volere) venire al cinema con noi, invece (andare)
al bar con Gino.
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
7. Loro non (sapere) che oggi e il mio compleanno.
8. Quando Franco non (lavorare)_, non (potere)
_noleggiare la macchina spesso.
9. Io (sapere) finalmente dove Maria compra
quei dolci buonissimi.
10. (volere) _ pagare il conto io, ma non (avere)_
abbastanza soldi e cosi (dovere)_pagare Bruno.
ANSWER KEY
1. rivato,guardavo; 2.era,aveva; 3.cucinava,preparava; 4.siamo arrivati,splendeva; 5.ero,ho
onosciuto,ci siamo divertiti; 6.voleva,e andata; 7.sapevano; 8.1avorava,poteva; 9. ho saputo;
10. Volevo,avevo, ha dovuto
How Did You Do?
Let’s see how you did in this lesson. By now, you should know:
vocabulary related to nature (Still unsure? Jump back to page 13.)
□ more on using past tenses (Still unsure? Jump back to page 14.)
vocabulary related to travel and tourism (Still unsure? Jump back to page 16.)
' how to express must, want, can, and know in the past
(Still unsure? Jump back to page 18.)
\ Word Recall
A. Translate the following words into English.
1. (il) sole _
2. (la) pioggia_
3. (la) neve _
Unit 1 Lesson 1: Words
0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
4. (l’)isola _
5. barocco _
B. Translate the following words into Italian.
1. wild __
2. trip
3. lightning
4. Greek
5. beach
ANSWER KEY
A. 1. sun; 2. rain; 3. snow; 4. island; 5. baroque
B. 1. selvaggio; 2. (il) viaggio; 3. (il) fulmine; 4. greco; 5. (la) spiaggia
Lesson 2: Phrases
By the end of this lesson, you’ll know:
how to say there using the pronoun ci
how to form sentences with both direct and indirect objects
Phrase Builder 1
® 2A Phrase Builder 1 (CD 7, Track 5)
Ci va. He/she goes there.
Ne parla. He/she speaks about it.
Lucky you!
Q
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
Sto per ... I’m about to...
| raccogliere funghi to pick mushrooms
piu adatto more appropriate
del solito than usual
mai piu never again
al mare at the beach
al lago at the lake
in montagna to the mountains
in campagna to the country
\ Phrase Practice 1
Match the following expressions.
1. raccogliere funghi
2. mai piu
3. Beato te!
4. piu adatto
5. Sfe parla.
6. Ci va.
7. al lago
8. al mare
ANSWER KEY
1. f; 2. c; 3. a; 4. h; 5. b; 6. g; 7. d; 8. e
a. Lucky you!
b. He/she speaks about it.
c. never again
d. at the lake
e. at the beach
f. to pick mushrooms
g. He/she goes there.
h. more appropriate
Unit 1 Lesson 2: Phrases
0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
Grammar Builder 1
® 2B Grammar Builder 1 (CD 7, Track 6)
THE PRONOUN Cl
You have already encountered the pronoun ci in different functions: as a direct
object pronoun (us), as an indirect object pronoun (to us), and as a reflexive
pronoun (ourselves). You have also encountered it in the expression and
ci sono where it expresses a location and has the meaning of there. With this
function it replaces the preposition a (or da, in, and su) + a place.
“Vai spesso in montagna?” “Si, ci vado spesso ”
“Do you often go to the mountains?” “Yes, I go there a lot/often”
“Vieni a casa mia stasera?” “Si, ci vengo”
“Are you coming to my house tonight?” “Yes, I’m coming (there).”
can also be used to replace a prepositional phrase introduced by a, , or ,
even if it doesn’t refer to location.
“Pensi di fare una vacanza in Europa?” “Oh, si, ci penso spesso!”
“Do you think about taking a vacation to Europe?” “Oh, yes, I often think about it.”
“Credi a quello che ci ha raccontato Mario?” “Non, non ci credo affatto.”
“Do you believe what Mario told us?” “No, I don’t believe it at all.”
The pronoun ne means of/about it or of/about them. It is used to replace a
partitive some construction, including one introduced by a number, or expression
indicating quantity.
Non me ne hai mai parlato.
You never spoke to me about it.
Q
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
“Puoi comprare delle riviste?” “Quante ne devo comprare?”
“Can you buy some magazines?” “How many (of them) shall I buy?”
“Quanti viaggi fai quest’anno?” “Ne faccio due.”
“How many trips are you taking this year?” “I’m taking two (trips).”
Ne also replaces a noun or expression introduced by the preposition di.
“Hai bisogno di aiuto?” “No, non ne ho bisogno.”
“Do you need help?” “No, I don’t need any.”
% Work Out 1
Complete the following sentences with either ci or ne.
1. Se vuoi andare in Sicilia possiamo andare insieme.
2. Non preoccuparti, penso io!
3. Mi hanno offerto dei soldi, ma io non ho bisogno.
4. Sapevo che non c’erano piu mele e cosi ho comprato un chilo.
5. Stasera andiamo in discoteca, _vieni anche tu?
6. “Vuoi ancora un po’ di vino?” “No grazie, non voglio piu.”
ANSWER KEY
1. ci; 2. ci; 3. ne; 4. ne; 5. ci; 6. ne
Unit 1 Lesson 2: Phrases

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
Phrase Builder 2
® 2C Phrase Builder 2 (CD 7, Track 7)
fare un viaggio
in macchina
| in treno
in aereo
fare una foto
insieme a te
Te ne voglio parlare.
Gliele do.
| Posso mandargliele.
| in ogni caso
piu culture
piu selvaggia
testa o croce
% Phrase Practice 2
A. Translate the following phrases into English.
1. re ma foto
2. G iele do.
3.
4. testa o croce
to take a trip; to go on a trip
by car
by train
by plane
to take a picture
(together) with you
I want to talk with you about it. I want
to discuss it with you.
I give them to him/to her.
I can send them to him/to her.
in any event
more/different cultures
wilder
heads or tails
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
B. Translate the following phrases into Italian.
1. by plane
2. I want to talk with you about it.
3. in any event
4. to take a trip; to go on a trip
ANSWER KEY
A. 1. to take a picture; 2.1 give them to him/to her. 3. (together) with you; 4. heads or tails
B. 1. in aereo; 2. Te ne voglio parlare. 3. in ogni caso; 4. fare un viaggio
Grammar Builder 2
0 2D Grammar Builder 2 (CD 7, Track 8)
DOUBLE OBJECT PRONOUNS
So far you have learned to replace either a direct or an indirect object with a pronoun
(see Lessons 16 and 17 of Intermediate Italian). However, sentences often contain
both a direct and an indirect object as in Mando una lettera a mio zio (I send a letter
to my uncle), where una lettera is the direct object and a mio zio is the indirect
object. Both objects can be replaced by a pronoun, called a double object pronoun.
+ LO + LA + LI + LE + NE*
mi me lo me la me li me le me ne
ti te lo te la te li te le te ne
ci ce lo ce la ce li ce le ce ne
vi ve lo ve la ve li ve le ve ne
gli
glielo gliela glieli gliele gliene
le/Le glielo gliela glieli gliele gliene
* Me is included in this chart, even though it’s not a direct object pronoun, because it behaves the
same as direct object pronouns.
Unit 1 Lesson 2: Phrases
0

The Pronoun ci
More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses
Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
As you can see from the chart, the indirect object pronoun always precedes the
direct object pronoun. In addition, some spelling changes occur to the indirect object
pronouns: when followed by a direct object pronoun, the indirect object pronoun
ending changes to . Also, the indirect object pronouns gii, e, and change to
g , which is attached to the direct object’s pronoun, forming a single word. Please
note that in double object pronouns there is no difference between to her and to him.
The position of double object pronouns is the same as for single object pronouns.
Faccio un viaggio e volevo parlartene.
I’m taking a trip and I wanted to talk to you about it/discuss it with you.
Ho sentito una barzelletta divertente e ve la voglio raccontare.
I want to tell you a funny joke I heard.
“Dove hai comprato questa borsa?” “Me l’ha regalata mia madre.”
“Where did you buy this purse?” “My mother gave it to me as a present.”
In compound tenses the past participle agrees in gender and number with the
preceding direct object.
Giuseppe mi ha chiesto di fare delle foto e io gliele ho promesse.
Giuseppe asked me to take some pictures and I promised him I would.
% Work Out 2
Complete the following sentences using a double object pronoun.
1. Hai parlato a Vittorio del viaggio? No, non ho parlato.
2. Ti fa dei regali il tuo ragazzo? Si fa molti.
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
3. Vi siete ricordati di comprare il pane? Si, _siamo ricordati.
4. Hai dato la rivista a tuo padre? No, non _ho ancora data.
5. Mi mandi quella lettera per favore? Si, mando domani.
6. Piu tardi ti racconto una fiaba. _puoi raccontare subito?
ANSWER KEY
1- gliene; 2. me ne; 3. ce ne; 4. gliel’; 5. te la; 6 Me la
% Drive It Home
Answer the following questions using the pronoun ci, ne, or the direct object
pronouns as needed.
1. A che ora vai al cinema?__alle quattro.
2. Quanti amici hai invitato? _ sette.
3. Vieni al museo con me domani? Si, volentieri.
4. Hai dato il giornale a Paolo? No, _
5. Ti ha scritto l’email tuo fratello? Si, .
6. Insegni i pronomi agli studenti oggi? Si,_
7. Mi prometti che penserai a cio che ti ho detto? Si, prometto,
_pensero.
8. Quante volte siete andate al ristorante il mese scorso?
_sei volte.
9. Ci racconti il film che hai visto? Va bene,
10. Quanti fiori hai comprato a Giulia?
due dozzine.
Unit 1 Lesson 2: Phrases

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
ANSWER KEY
1. Ci vado; 2. Ne ho invitati; 3. ci vengo; 4. non gliel’ho dato; 5. me l’ha scritta; 6. glieli insegno;
7. te lo, ci; 8. Ci siamo andate; 9. ve lo racconto; 10. Gliene ho comprate
How Did You Do?
Let’s see how you did in this lesson. By now, you should know:
how to say there using the pronoun (Still unsure? Jump back to page 24.)
how to form sentences with both direct and indirect objects
(Still unsure? Jump back to page 27.)
\ Word Recall
A. Translate the following phrases into English.
1. Glieledo. _ _ _
2. in ogni caso
3. maipiu
4. sto pe
5. fare una foto__
B. Translate the following phrases into Italian.
1. more appropriate
2. He/she speaks about it.
3. to the country
4. I can send them to him/to her.
5. to pick mushrooms
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
ANSWER KEY
A. 1.1 give them to him/to her. 2. in any event; 3. never again; 4. I’m about to ...; 5. to take a picture
B. 1. piu adatto; 2. Ne parla. 3. in campagna; 4. Posso mandargliele/li. 5. raccogliere funghi
Lesson 3: Sentences
By the end of this lesson, you’ll know:
ways to compare things using as
ways to compare things using more than and less than
Sentence Builder 1
® 3A Sentence Builder 1 (CD 7, Track 9)
Sto per andare in vacanza. I’m about to go on vacation.
Non ci andro mai pin. I’ll never go there again.
Non ne hai mai parlato. You never talked about it.
Quando andavo in montagna facevo
escursioni.
When I used to go to the mountains, I
would hike.
Sembrava la giornata migliore di tutte. It seemed like the ideal day.
Mentre camminavo il cielo si e
riempito di nuvole.
While I was walking, the skyfdled with
clouds.
Tuonava e un fulmine e caduto
vicino a me.
It was thundering, and lightning struck
near me.
Il mare non e cosi interessante come
la montagna.
The beach is not as interesting as the
mountains.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Sentences 0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
\ Sentence Practice 1
A. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Quando andavo in montagna facevo escursioni.
2. Non ci andro mai piu.
3. Il mare non e cosi interessante come la montagna.
B. Translate the following sentences into Italian.
1. It was thundering, and lightning struck near me.
2. You never talked about it.
3. Fm about to go on vacation.
ANSWER KEY
A. 1. When I used to go to the mountains, I would hike. 2. I'll never go there again. 3. The beach is not as
interesting as the mountains.
B. L Tuonava e un fulmine e caduto vicino a me. 2. Non ne hai mai parlato. 3. Sto per andare in vacanza.
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
Grammar Builder 1
® 3B Grammar Builder 1 (CD 7, Track 10)
COMPARATIVES OF EQUALITY
To express a comparative of equality (as/so ...as; as much/as many ... as) Italian
uses either cosi... come, tanto ... quanto, or sia... che. The first part of the
comparison (cosi or tanto) is often omitted.
Il mare non e (cosi) interessante come la montagna.
The beach is not as interesting as the mountains.
La Sicilia e (tanto) bella quanto ricca di storia.
Sicily is as beautiful as it is rich in history.
When two nouns are compared, tanto ... quanto must be used, and they must
agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
Lui sembra avere tanti giorni di lavoro quante vacanze.
He seems to have as many working days as vacation days.
% Work Out 1
Form complete sentences with the given expressions, using a comparative of
equality. Don’t forget to conjugate the verb.
1. Mario/avere/libri/CD/.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Sentences

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
2. Noi/essere/stanchi/felici/.
3. Loro/mangiare/pasta/carne/.
4. Voi/viaggiare/in Ei
5. La campagna/non essere/divertente/mare/.
ANSWER KEY
1. Mario ha tanti libri quanti CD. 2. Noi siamo tanto stanchi quanto felici. 3. Loro mangiano tanta
pasta quanta carne. 4. Voi viaggiate (cosi) in Europa come in Asia. 5. La campagna non e cosi
divertente come il mare.
Sentence Builder 2
® 3C Sentence Builder 2 (CD 7, Track 11)
Quando hai chiamato ero gia uscita.
Sono dovuta andare a cena a casa di
amici dei miei genitori.
Sia in Sicilia che in Sardegna ci sono
spiagge bellissime.
La Sicilia ha una storia piu ricca della
Sardegna.
In Sicilia si sono alternate piu
culture che in Sardegna.
La natura e piu selvaggia in Sardegna
che in Sicilia.
When you called I had already gone
out/left.
I had to go to dinner at my parents’
friends’ house.
There are beautiful beaches in both
Sicily and Sardinia.
Sicily has a richer history than
Sardinia.
In Sicily there have been more cultures
than in Sardinia.
Nature is wilder in Sardinia than in
Sicily.
Q
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
I nuraghi sono forse piu antichi di
qualsiasi monumento in Sicilia.
Nuraghi are perhaps more ancient than
any monument in Sicily.
Giuseppe mi ha chiesto di fare delle
foto e io gliele ho promesse.
Giuseppe asked me to take some pictures
and Ipromised him that I would.
\ Sentence Practice 2
Match the following expressions.
1. La natura e piu selvaggia in
Sardegna che in Sicilia.
2.1 nuraghi sono forse piu antichi di
qualsiasi monumento in Sicilia.
3. La Sicilia ha una storia piu ricca
della Sardegna.
4. Giuseppe mi ha chiesto di fare
delle foto e io gliele ho promesse.
5. Sia in Sicilia che in Sardegna ci
sono spiagge bellissime.
6. Quando hai chiamato ero gia
uscita.
ANSWER KEY
1. e; 2. d; 3. a; 4. f; 5. b; 6. c
a. Sicily has a richer history than
Sardinia.
b. There are beautiful beaches in both
Sicily and Sardinia.
c. When you called I had already gone
out/left.
d. Nuraghi are perhaps more ancient
than any monument in Sicily.
e. Nature is wilder in Sardinia than in
Sicily.
f. Giuseppe asked me to take some
pictures and I promised him that I
would.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Sentences
0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
Grammar Builder 2
® 3D Grammar Builder 2 (CD 7, Track 12)
COMPARATIVES OF INEQUALITY
The comparison of inequality can be either of superiority (more, -er... than) or
of inferiority (less... than). They are expressed in Italian by piu and by meno
respectively. Than can either be translated as di or che. Di is used in front of
numbers, or when two entities are compared in terms of the same quality or action.
La Sicilia ha una storia piu ricca della Sardegna.
Sicily has a richer history than Sardinia.
I treni sono meno cari degli aerei.
Trains are less expensive than planes.
is used when comparing two entities of the same quality (expressed by
nouns, adjectives, verbs, or adverbs).
La natura e piu selvaggia in Sardegna che in Sicilia.
Nature is wilder in Sardinia than in Sicily.
E piu comodo viaggiare in macchina che in treno.
It's more comfortable to travel by car than by train.
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
^ Work Out 2
Complete the following sentences with either di or che. Don’t forget to combine
di with the article when necessary.
1. La campagna e piu noiosa
2. In Italia e piu costoso viaggiare in maechina_in treno.
3. Noi viaggiamo meno____ voi.
4. Il biglietto aereo costa piu
5. Tu viaggi piu in Europa in Asia.
6. La Toscana ha piu opere d’arte _ le altre regioni in Italia.
ANSWER KEY
1. La campagna e piu noiosa del mare. 2. In Italia e piu costoso viaggiare in maechina che in treno.
3. Noi viaggiamo meno di voi. 4. Il biglietto aereo costa piu di 1.500 dollari. 5. Tu viaggi piu in
Europa che in Asia. 6. La Toscana ha piu opere d’arte delle altre regioni in Italia.
\ Drive It Home
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of di, che, or quanto.
1. A Venezia d’estate ci sono piu turisti
2. L’italiano e piu difficile_ _lo spagnolo.
3. Tu leggi piu libri giornali.
4. Il mio amico Luigi e tanto simpatico
5. La maechina di Giulio e piu veloce la tua.
6. Roma e tanto bella
7. I film di Fellini sono piu interessanti _ quelli di Rossellini.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Sentences 0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
8. La torta che fa mia madre e decisamente buona la mia.
9. Luigi e alto quanto grasso.
10. A casa ho tanti CD libri.
ANSWER KEY
1. che; 2. dello; 3. che; 4. quanto; 5. della; 6. quanto; 7. di; 8. piu, della; 9. tanto; 10. quanti
m Culture Note
Not too many people outside of Italy travel to Sardinia, perhaps because it is
isolated and inconvenient to reach. Sardinia, however, offers some of the cleanest
and most beautiful beaches in Europe, and it’s certainly worth the trip!
How Did You Do?
Let’s see how you did in this lesson. By now, you should know:
ways to compare things using as (Still unsure? Jump back to page 33.)
ways to compare things using more than and less than
(Still unsure? Jump back to page 36.)
% Word Recall
A. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Il mare non e eosi interessante come la montagna.
2. La natura e piu selvaggia in Sardegna che in Sicilia.
3. Sia in Sicilia che in Sardegna ci sono spiagge bellissime.
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
4. Sto per andare in vacanza.
5. Non ne hai mai parlato.
B. Translate the following sentences into Italian.
1. Sicily has a richer history than Sardinia.
2. When you called I had already gone out/left.
3. I had to go to dinner to my parents’ friends' house.
4. I’ll never go there again.
5. While I was walking, the sky filled with clouds.
ANSWER KEY
A. 1. The beach is not as interesting as the mountains. 2. Nature is wilder in Sardinia than in Sicily. 3. There
are beautiful beaches in both Sicily and Sardinia. 4. I’m about to go on vacation. 5. You never talked about it.
B. 1. La Sicilia ha una storia piu ricca della Sardegna. 2. Quando hai chiamato ero gia uscita.
3. Sono dovuta andare a cena a casa di amici dei miei genitori. 4. Non ci andro mai piu. 5. Mentre
camminavo il cielo si e riempito di nuvole.
Unit 1 Lesson 3: Sentences

The Pronoun ci
More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere
in the past or imperfect
Dot DP 'Die
Lesson 4: Conversations
By the end of this lesson, you’ll know:
how to say the most and the least
□ how to say I had gone
q Conversation 1
0 4A Conversation 1 (CD 7, Track 13 - Italian; Track 14 - Italian and English)
Gabriele:
Paolo:
Gabriele:
Paolo:
Gabriele:
Paolo:
Gabriele:
Paolo:
Ciao Paolo, come va?
Molto bene, sto per andare finalmente in vacanza.
Beato te, vai di nuovo in montagna?
No, non ci andro mai piu! Non sai cosa mi e successo l’anno
scorso?
No, non me ne hai mai parlato.
Allora, sai che mi piace molto camminare e quando andavo in
montagna ogni giorno facevo delle escursioni (sulle montagne)
o passeggiavo nei boschi per raccogliere funghi. Un giorno
l’anno scorso mi sono svegliato ed era una giornata bellissima,
splendeva il sole e non c’era una nuvola in cielo. Ero molto
felice perche volevo fare un’escursione piu lunga del solito e
questa sembrava la giornata ideale. Dopo circa tre ore, mentre
camminavo, improwisamente il cielo si e riempito di nuvole e
ha cominciato a piovere. Tuonava e lampeggiava e un fulmine
e caduto a due metri da me e ha distrutto un albero! In quel
momento ho deciso di non andare mai piu in montagna!
E allora dove vai in vacanza?
Vado al mare! Non e cosi interessante come la montagna, ma
non e nemmeno cosi pericoloso.
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
Gabriele:
Paolo:
Gabriele:
Paolo:
Gabriele:
Paolo:
Gabriele:
Paolo:
ii
Hello Paolo, how’s it going?
Very well, I’m finally about to go on vacation.
Lucky you; are you going to the mountains again?
No, I’ll never go there again! Don’t you know what happened to me
last year?
No, you never told me about it.
Well, you know I like to walk a lot, and when I used to go to the
mountains every day, I would hike (on mountains) or walk in the
woods to pick up mushrooms. One day last year, I woke up and it
was a gorgeous day: the sun was shining and there wasn’t a cloud
in the sky. I was very happy because I wanted to take a longer hike
than usual, and that seemed like the perfect day. After about three
hours, while I was walking, all of a sudden the sky filled with clouds
and it began to rain. It was thundering and lightning, and lightning
struck and destroyed a tree two meters away from me. At that
precise moment, I decided never to go to the mountains again!
So, where are you going on vacation?
I’m going to the seaside/beach! It’s not as interesting as the
mountains, but it’s not as dangerous either.
Notes:
Stare per + infinitive translates to the idiomatic expression to be about to: I’aereo
sta per decollare (the plane is about to take off).
The verb fare is used idiomatically to express weather conditions: Fa caldo/
freddo (it is hot/cold), fa bello/brutto (it’s good/bad [weather]).
Unit 1 Lesson 4: Conversations 0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
\ Conversation Practice 1
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the missing words in the word bank.
If you’re unsure of the answer, listen to the conversation on your audio one more time.
c’era, camminavo, cosi interessante come, ci andro, sai, mai piu, sono svegliato,
piu lunga del solito, facevo, si e riempito, sto per
1. Molto bene, andare finalmente in vacanza.
2. No, non mai piu!
3. che mi piace molto camminare.
4. Quando andavo in montagna ogni giorno
5. Un giorno l’anno scorso mi_
una giornata bellissima.
6. Ero molto felice perche volevo fare un’escursione
delle escursioni.
ed era
7. Mentre , improvvisamente il cielo
di nuvole e ha cominciato a piovere.
8. In quel momento ho deciso di non andare
9. Ion una nuvola in cielo.
in montagna!
10. la
montagna.
ANSWER KEY
1. ; 2. idrd; 3. Sai; 4. evo; 5. sono svegliato; 6. piu
riempito; 8. mai piu; 9. c’era; 10. cosi interessante come
lunga del solito; 7. camminavo, si e
Q
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
Grammar Builder 1
® 4B Grammar Builder 1 (CD 7, Track 15)
SUPERLATIVES
There are two superlatives in Italian: the relative superlative (more/less beautiful
than), and the absolute superlative (the most/least beautiful).
The relative superlative is formed by placing the appropriate definite article in
front of the comparatives piu or meno, or by using a noun + piu or meno. Italian
uses di or fra/tra to express the English in or of in superlative constructions.
Sembrava la giornata piu adatta di tutte.
It seemed like the ideal day.
Cortina e la cittadina piu famosa delle Dolomiti.
Cortina is the best known town in the Dolomites.
L’aereo e il mezzo di trasporto piu veloce (di tutti).
Airplanes are the fastest means of transportation (of all).
The absolute superlative is formed by adding the appropriate form of the suffix
-ssimo (-ssima, -ssim , -ssime) to the masculine plural form of the adjective:
bello -> belli -> bellissimo/a/i/e; felice -» felici -> felicissimo/a/i/e.
Era una giornata bellissima.
It was a very beautiful/gorgeous day.
Ho fatto un viaggio interessantissimo.
I went on a very interesting trip.
Unit 1 Lesson 4: Conversations 9

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere, and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
The absolute superlative can also be expressed by preceding an adjective with the
adverb molto.
Ero molto felice.
I was very happy.
Abbiamo visto monumenti molto antichi.
We saw very ancient monuments.
% Work Out 1
Rewrite the following sentences following the example:
Marco e un ragazzo gentile. -» Marco e il ragazzo piu gentile del mondo. ->
Marco e un ragazzo gentilissimo.
1. Loro sono ragazzi simpatici.
2. Questo e un viaggio lungo.
3. L’Eurostar e un treno veloce.
4. Questo e un libro noioso.
5. Questa e una modella bella.
Q
Advanced Italian

Comparatives of Equality Superlatives
Comparatives of Inequality The Past Perfect
ANSWER KEY
1. (Loro) sono i ragazzi piu simpatici del mondo. (Loro) sono ragazzi simpaticissimi. 2. Questo e il
viaggio piu lungo del mondo. Questo e un viaggio lunghissimo. 3. L’Eurostar e il treno piu veloce
del mondo. L’Eurostar e un treno velocissimo. 4. Questo e il libro piu noioso del mondo. Questo e
un libro noiosissimo. 5. Questa e la modella piu bella del mondo. Questa e una modella bellissima.
<S Conversation 2
® 4C Conversation 2 (CD 7, Track 16 - Italian; Track 17 - Italian and English)
Mario:
Giulietta:
Mario:
Giulietta:
Mario:
Giulietta:
Mario:
Giulietta:
Ciao Giulietta, ti ho chiamata ieri sera, ma non c’eri.
Si, ho ricevuto il tuo messaggio; quando hai chiamato ero gia
uscita. Sono dovuta andare a cena a casa di amici dei miei
genitori. Li ho conosciuto Giuseppe Nannini, lo conosci?
No. Scusa se cambio discorso, ma volevo chiederti se vuoi fare
un viaggio con me quest’estate.
Dove hai in progetto di andare?
Non lo so, pensavo di andare in Sicilia o in Sardegna, ma volevo
parlartene e decidere insieme a te.
Sono due isole molto belle, simili e diverse alio stesso tempo,
sara una decisione difficile. Vuoi andare in treno o in aereo?
Come vuoi, non importa, ma prima dobbiamo decidere che
cosa vogliamo fare, sia in Sicilia che in Sardegna ci sono spiagge
bellissime, ma la Sicilia ha una storia piu ricca della Sardegna.
In Sicilia si sono alternate piu culture che in Sardegna. Ci
sono molti templi e teatri greci da visitare, molti edifici con
influenze arabe e molte chiese barocche. La natura e piu
selvaggia in Sardegna che in Sicilia e in Sardegna ci sono i
famosi nuraghi, i monumenti archeologici forse piu antichi
di qualsiasi monumento in Sicilia. In ogni caso, in Sicilia o in
Sardegna dovro fare molte foto: Giuseppe mi ha chiesto se
posso mandargliene perche vuole usarle nella sua agenzia di
viaggi ed io gliele ho promesse.
Mi sembrano entrambi due posti meravigliosi, e non so proprio
quale scegliere. Perche non facciamo testa o croce?
Unit 1 Lesson 4; Conversations 0

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
Mario:
Giulietta:
Mario:
Giulietta:
Mario:
Giulietta:
Mario:
Giulietta:
ii)
Hi, Giulietta, I called you last night, but you were not there.
Yes, I got your message; when you called I had already left. I had to
go to my parents' friends’ house for dinner. There I met Giuseppe
Nannini; do you know him?
No. Excuse me if I change the subject, but I wanted to ask you if you
would like to take a trip with me this summer.
Where were you thinking of going?
I don't know. I was thinking of going to Sicily, or Sardinia, but I
wanted to talk to you about it, and decide with you.
They are two very beautiful islands, similar and different at the
same time; it is going to be a difficult decision. Do you want to go by
train or by plane?
I'll leave that up to you, it doesn't matter to me; but first we must
decide what we want to do. There are beautiful beaches in both
Sicily and Sardinia. Sicily has a richer history than Sardinia. In
Sicily there have been more cultures than in Sardinia. There are
many Greek temples and theaters to visit, many buildings with
Arab influences, and many Baroque churches. Nature is wilder
in Sardinia than in Sicily, and in Sardinia there are the famous
nuraghi, archeological monuments perhaps more ancient than any
monument in Sicily. In any event, either in Sicily or in Sardinia I
will have to take many pictures because Giuseppe asked me if I can
send him some as he wants to use them for his travel agency and I
promised him that I will.
They both seem like wonderful places, I wouldn't know which one to
choose. Why don't we flip a coin?
Notes:
(temple) has an irregular plural:
expresses the English both ... and.
Q
Advanced Italian

Superlatives Comparatives of Equality
Comparatives of inec uality The Past Perfect
\ Conversation Practice 2
Translate the expressions written in parentheses in the following sentences.
1. Ciao Giulietta (I called you last night)
__, ma (you were not there)
2. Vuoi andare (by train or by plane)
3. Prima (we must) _decidere che cosa (we want)
_fare.
4. (both) in Sicilia (and) in Sardegna (there are)
_spiagge bellissime.
5. La Sicilia (has a richer history than)
_Sardegna.
6. In Sicilia si sono alternate (more cultures than)
_in Sardegna.
7. La natura e (wilder) ________*n Sardegna che in Sicilia.
8. In ogni caso, in Sicilia o in Sardegna (I will have to take)
_molte foto.
9. Giuseppe mi ha chiesto se posso (send him some)
perche vuole (to use them) __ _nella sua agenzia di viaggi.
10. Perche non (we flip a coin)
?
Unit 1 Lesson 4: Conversations

More on Using the Past
and Imperfect Tenses The Pronoun ci
Modal verbs, sapere. and conoscere Double Object Pronouns
in the past or imperfect
ANSWER KEY
1. ti ho chiamata ieri sera, non c’eri; 2. in treno o in aereo; 3. dobbiamo, vogliamo; 4. Sia, che, ci
sono; 5. ha una storia piu ricca della; 6. piu culture che; 7. piu selvaggia; 8. dovro fare;
9. mandargliene, usarle; 10. facciamo testa o croce
Grammar Builder 2
® 4D Grammar Builder 2 (CD 7, Track 18)
THE PAST PERFECT
The trapassato prossimo, or past perfect (had + past participle) is used to express
an action that happened before another action in the past. It is formed with the
imperfect of the auxiliary verb essere or avere followed by the past participle of
the main verb. The same agreement rules of the oassato prossimc apply to the
trapassato prossimo.
io avevo viaggiato I had traveled io ero andato/a I had gone
tu avevi viaggiato you had traveled tu eri andato/a you had gone
lui aveva
viaggiato
he had traveled lui era andato he had gone
lei aveva
viaggiato
she had traveled 1 lei era andata she had gone
Lei aveva
viaggiato
you (fml.) had
traveled
Lei era andato/a you (fml.) had
gone
noi avevamo
viaggiato
we had traveled noi eravamo
andati/e
we had gone
voiavevate
viaggiato
you had traveled voieravate
andati/e
you had gone
loro/Loro they had traveled; loro/Loro erano they had gone; you
avevano
viaggiato
you (fml.pl.) had
traveled
andati/e (fml. pi.) had gone
Advanced Italian

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“This ’un can’t!” declared the old hermit. “Sech groans an’ cries,
an’ goin’s on! An’ cold winds sweeping over you ’fore you know
what’s up.”
“Maybe you left a door open?” suggested Marie.
“No’m, I never do that. It’s the ghost—that’s what ’tis. Th’ mill is
haunted. I’ve allers heard ’twas, but I never believed it until lately.
Now, I’m goin’ to quit!”
The girls and the Guardian gathered closer together and watched
the preparations to move on the part of Old Hanson. He had most of
his household goods out of the shack next to the mill now. As he
went back for something one of the horses started slightly.
“There it is! There it is!” suddenly cried the old hermit from within
the shack. “It jest brushed past me! I felt a cold hand on the back of
my neck! Oh, I’m a goner! I’m doomed. It’s the call of fate!”
“Whoa there!” called the farm hand to the restless steeds, that
had jumped nervously at the sound of the old man’s weird scream.
“Come on!” cried Natalie. “I’ve had enough of this. I won’t sleep a
wink to-night. Come on, girls!”
“Yes, it’s—getting late,” added Marie. “We must get back to camp.”
“Not to mention staying here after dark,” added Mabel. “Oh!
Perhaps it’s silly, but I don’t like it. Are you sure you saw something,
Nat?”
“Of course I did. I don’t know what it was, but it looked like a face
— Oh, don’t let’s talk about it,” she begged.
Mr. Rossmore had rushed from the shack with the last few of his
household goods. He threw them into the wagon.
“Go on!” he cried to the farm hand. “Drive away from here as fast
as you can. I don’t ever want to see the place again. It near had me
that time.”
“What was it?” demanded Mrs. Bonnell.
“The hant, sure. Oh, what a place!” and leaping up on the wagon
seat he called to the horses which seemed glad enough to leave the
eerie place.

“Come on, girls!” cried Natalie, as the wagon rattled off down the
road. “We must get back to camp.”
“Before dark,” added Mabel.
“My! but we’ve had a full day!” declared Alice. “But we found the
Gypsy camp.”
“And a lot of good it did us,” said Marie. “We didn’t locate the girl
we wanted.”
“Oh, the police can do that,” said Mrs. Bonnell. “We’ll tell them
where the camp is, and the constables can look after the suspects.”
With a last glance at the old mill, which seemed silent and
deserted enough now, and a parting look at the disappearing
wagon, the Camp Fire Girls made their way to where they had left
their boats. Soon they were rowing over the peaceful lake, which the
setting sun was painting in hues of vermillion, olive and yellow.
“Isn’t it beautiful,” said Natalie softly, as she hummed a few strains
of “The Land of the Sky-blue Water.” “Beautiful!”
“And to think of the old mill and—” began Marie.
“Don’t,” suggested Alice. “Let’s enjoy the sunset.”
Silently they rowed onward, their faces to the glorious colors in
the west.
“Wo-he-lo! Wo-he-lo!” suddenly called Marie, as they neared the
shore. “Wo-he-lo!”
“What is it? Who is it?” asked Mabel.
“The boys. There they are on shore, waiting for us,” and she
waved her hand.
Over the water came floating the echo of the call of the Camp Fire
Girls:
“Wo-he-lo!”
“Work—health—love!” murmured Natalie. “What a wonderful
combination for—girls.”
“And the greatest of these is—love,” softly quoted Alice.

“I’m thinking of that poor Gypsy girl,” murmured Natalie. “She
perhaps had plenty of work—but I wonder how much of—love? Did
she have any?”
“She had health, at any rate,” observed Mabel, as she pulled on
her left oar to change the course of the craft.
“Of course—if she was anything like the other girls in the camp,”
admitted Natalie. “But perhaps she has been driven away—maybe
the rest of the tribe found she had been—been taking things, and
drove her away. She may have taken her health with her, but very
little of love, I’m afraid.”
“Oh, no doubt some of those Gypsy lads, with their beautifully
white teeth, are in love with her,” suggested Mabel.
“That isn’t the only kind of love there is,” said Natalie softly.
“Oh, my! How romantic we’re getting!” cried Alice. “I declare, that
haunted mill must have affected all of us.”
“Let’s forget it,” suggested Mrs. Bonnell. “I wonder what the boys
want? They seem a bit excited.”
The three chums were hurrying down to the water’s edge and, as
the boats approached, Blake hailed the girls.
“Where have you been?” he demanded.
“Out for a row,” evaded Marie.
“Were you over to our camp?” asked Jack.
“Your camp? No,” answered his sister. “What do you mean?”
“Why some one has been there and about cleaned us out of grub.
We thought maybe you girls had borrowed some.”
“Indeed not,” answered Marie. “We are just getting back. We’ve
been to Bear Pond again. But, girls!” she exclaimed, “if the boys
have had unseen visitors, perhaps we have too. Let’s look,” and,
springing from the boat she hurried up to the tents.

CHAPTER XXIII
MYSTIFICATION
“Anything missing?” gasped Mrs. Bonnell, as she came up the
slope from the lake, whither Natalie had sped in advance.
“Don’t you dare tell us there is!” cried Marie.
“There doesn’t seem to be,” went on the Guardian, whose rather
short breath bore to her the unwelcome intelligence that she was
getting stout. “I really must exercise more,” she told herself. “I am
positively getting indolent, and in camp—of all things!”
“Everything seems to be as we left it,” declared Natalie after a
hurried glance around, while Mrs. Bonnell sat down on a board
nailed between two trees making a rustic seat.
“They could easily have opened our tent, gone in and tied the
flaps back again,” suggested Alice. “Do hurry and look in, Nat!” for
breath-of-the-pine-tree was fumbling with the knots of the cords.
“We must learn to tie some of the queer knots the boy scouts
have in their manual book,” suggested Mabel.
By this time Natalie had succeeded in loosening the tent-flaps.
With the boys gathered in a circle back of them the girls peered into
their sleeping and living quarters.
“Everything seems all right,” murmured Natalie.
“Unlock the trunks and make sure,” suggested Alice. “If they have
taken my best dress I——”
“You won’t go over to the dance at the Point to-morrow night; will
you?” asked Jack.

“Indeed, I’ll not. But don’t suggest such a thing!”
The girls crowded into the tent, and a hurried search disclosed
that, so far as they could tell, nothing was missing.
“Though they may have taken all our things to eat,” said Marie. “If
they have, we’ll have to depend on you boys.”
“Huh! We’re cleaned out,” exclaimed Phil. “We came to get enough
of your stuff for supper.”
“You poor boys!” murmured Mabel.
“This is the first they’ve thought of us,” declared Blake. “They’re
so anxious about their own stuff that they didn’t care what had
happened to ours.”
“Oh, we did so!” declared Alice. “Only you frightened us, meeting
us the way you did.”
“Tell us all about it,” urged Natalie.
“There isn’t anything to tell,” replied Jack. “We had been off
fishing, and when we came back we found our pantry pretty well
cleaned out. Lucky we didn’t have an awful lot. We had to stock up
again to-morrow, anyhow.”
“Let’s go over and take a look, girls,” proposed Marie. “We won’t
need to get much for supper. There are some cold beans and——”
“What about us?” came from Jack. “Don’t you s’pose we want to
eat?”
“Well, you can come to supper with us,” suggested Mrs. Bonnell.
“After that we’ll all go over to the Point in the motor-boat—that is if
it runs—and we’ll stock up.”
“Good!” cried Blake. “And we’ll have a dance after it.”
“Then come on!” proposed Alice. “We’ll look for clues, and decide
who it is took their things.”
“Ha! Ha! That’s a good one!” jeered Jack. “Look for clues! Why
you couldn’t even find your way home from Bear Pond!”
“But we did to-day,” said his sister quietly.
“You did? Were you over there again?”

“We were,” replied Marie.
“You must be fond of the place,” suggested Jack. “What did you
find this time—a snake?”
“We located the Gypsy Camp,” said Natalie gently.
“You did?” chorused the boys, all excitement.
“We did,” went on Natalie. “And we’re going to tell the constable
about it, and see if he can get back Mabel’s mother’s ring—it was the
same band of Gypsies we think.”
“The same band!” cried Jack.
“Yes,” continued Mabel. “There was a Hadee in it, only she was
missing. And we had our fortunes told, and there seemed to be
some excitement in the camp, and——”
“Don’t tell it all!” exclaimed Mabel. “Leave some for the rest of us.
Old Hanson is moving, boys because——”
“He saw a ghost!” broke in Alice.
“He heard it, you mean,” corrected Marie. “Nat was the only one
who saw it.”
“I’m not so sure,” said Natalie, doubtfully.
“Say, kindly translate,” begged Blake in a weak voice as he
pretended to support himself against Jack. “What does all this mean,
anyhow?”
“It’s got me going,” admitted Phil.
“Let me sit down—then please tell it all over again,” pleaded Jack.
“Now proceed,” and he took a seat beside Mrs. Bonnell.
Gradually the girls gave a connected story of their trip that
afternoon, including their meeting with the man of the old mill.
“And to cap the climax,” finished Natalie, “you boys meet us and
say your camp has been looted—is that the proper word?”
“We’ll permit you to use it semi-occasionally,” said Blake, “though I
think it is taboo in Camp Fire Girls’ rules.”
“Well, anyhow, let’s go over and see what we can find in the boys’
camp,” suggested Marie.

“After what you have gone through with to-day you can
accomplish anything,” declared Blake. “To think of you finding the
Gypsy camp at Bear Pond, when, all the while, we had a notion that
it was at Mt. Harry.”
“And we’ve been trying to locate it there,” added Phil.
“We know it,” laughed Marie. “That’s why we didn’t tell you where
we were going. We wanted to surprise you.”
“And you succeeded beautifully,” put in her brother. “Come on over
to our desolate abode. Maybe you can look at the place where the
dog biscuits were kept and tell what kind of an ostrich ate them.”
“I have it!” suddenly cried Natalie, while they all prepared to walk
to the other camp.
“What—the dog biscuits?” demanded Jack.
“No, but I know who has been at your camp. It’s some of the
Gypsies—that’s why they were so excited to-day when we had our
fortunes told. They knew we girls were friends of yours, and they
thought we had come to spy on them.”
“Well, we hope you are friends of ours,” spoke Jack, “but as for
the Gypsies suspecting that you had come to spy on them, because
our camp had been looted, as Nat puts it, why it couldn’t be. They
must have known you made an early start, and they didn’t come to
our camp—if it was they who did it—until after you had left here.
No, you’ve got to think up a better reason than that.”
“Well, I’m sure the Gypsies were at your camp,” insisted Mabel.
“A woman’s reason—because,” laughed Jack.
They were soon at the boys’ camp, and in the gathering dusk the
girls were shown where a box containing the provisions had been
broken open, and a considerable quantity of supplies taken.
“Did they only take victuals?” asked Mrs. Bonnell.
“I guess so,” answered Phil. “We didn’t look after we found that
our grub—I beg your pardon, ladies, I should say our choice viands
—were taken,” and he bowed low.

Blake who had gone into the sleeping tent came out with a woeful
face.
“It’s gone!” he cried. “It’s gone!”
“What?” demanded Natalie.
“My best silk handkerchief!” cried Blake. “I paid two dollars for it—
all the colors of the rainbow, too! Oh, woe is me!”
“Well, if I’m glad of one thing, I’m glad that’s missing!” fairly yelled
Jack. “Of all the gaudy Italian opera effects that was the limit! You
could hear it halfway across the lake. I couldn’t sleep with it in the
same tent. Now, we’ll have some peace!”
“Is it really gone, Blake?” asked Alice.
“It sure is.”
“And I was hoping I’d fall heir to that to make a sash of,” his sister
went on. “But it proves one thing.”
“Oh, yes!” Blake exclaimed sarcastically. “As long as we get some
proof out of it, no matter whether or not our whole camp is looted—
notice that word looted. Well, sis, what is it that’s proved?”
“The Gypsies were here.”
“Huh! We knew that before.”
“But this makes it certain. Gypsies, as you know, are very fond of
bright-colored articles—especially to wear. They could not resist your
handkerchief.”
“Encyclopædia Britannica—volume Gyp to Jap!” exclaimed Blake.
“With marginal notes on colored handkerchiefs and silk weaving in
particular. Sis, you’re a wonder! Fellows; bustle around and see what
you’ve missed. Maybe she can build up a theory to prove that a fish
climbed out of the water and took my handkerchief to make a
hammock for the little ones. Is it not mar-vee-li-ous!”
“Horrid thing!” pouted Alice. “I was trying to help you.”
“I think she’s right,” announced Natalie, and, as she was no one’s
sister, the boys at once changed their viewpoint.

“Well, there may be something in it,” admitted Blake. “Gypsies
sure do like bright-colored things. But why did they stop at my
handkerchief? Why didn’t they take some of those rainbow neckties
that Phil insists on tearing the atmosphere with; or some of Jack’s
——”
“That’ll do old man!” came from the latter quickly. “There are
some objects too sacred to mention. Let us have peace.”
“I say let’s have supper,” broke in Marie. “We’re nearly starved. If
you boys are coming over with us, come on. We can theorize later.”
“Good idea,” declared Phil. “Lead on—we’ll all follow.”
“Perhaps the ladies have a few more deductions to make,”
suggested Jack, politely.
“I think we have discovered enough for one day,” spoke Natalie.
“We have been doing all the discovering. Why don’t you boys do
some?”
“The action has been entirely too rapid for us,” confessed Blake.
“We are willing to let you have a try at the mystificating problem. All
we know is that we are hungry, and we have not the wherewithal to
eat.”
“Then come on over to our camp,” proposed the Guardian. “Girls—
show that you are real members of the Camp Fire tribe. We must
feed these hungry warriors.”
“Where are their fish?” asked Alice.
“We didn’t get any,” confessed her brother.
“Feed us this time, and we’ll get up a party for you next week.”
“Wait until I see if we’ve got gasoline enough to run the motor-
boat over to the Point and back,” suggested Jack, as he hurried
down to the little dock. “Then we’ll dine with you, fair ladies.”
He was seen to come to a halt near the edge of the water.
“What’s the matter?” called Blake.
“More mysteries,” answered Jack. “Our little canoe is gone!”

CHAPTER XXIV
NATALIE IS GONE
Camp Fire Girls and camping boys gathered in a little group on the
edge of the lake, standing about Jack, who was mutely pointing to a
stake in the water.
“There’s where she was tied,” he said. “And now she’s gone!”
“Maybe she floated away,” suggested Blake.
“Not much!” cried Jack. “I haven’t learned to tie all sorts of sailor
knots now to slip up and make a grannie-hitch at this day. That
canoe couldn’t come untied unless some one did it.”
“And it’s out of sight now,” remarked Phil, as he swept his eyes
over the surface of the lake. “Hadn’t we better get after it in the
motor-boat? Have we any gas?”
“I forgot to look. When I saw the canoe gone I got all worked up.”
“Did it belong to you boys?” asked Natalie.
“No, and that’s the worst of it. We hired it over at Glen’s dock,”
said Jack, “and he’s sure to charge us double what it was worth if
we don’t return it at the end of the season.”
“When did you notice it was gone?” asked Mrs. Bonnell.
“Just now. Of course it was gone when we came back here from
our trip, but we didn’t notice it, I guess. But it’s sure gone all right,”
and Jack added his searching gaze to that of his two chums. But on
the darkening surface of the lake there was no such craft to be seen
as the small green canoe the boys had hired.

“Let’s get right out in the motor,” proposed Jack, who had taken
the screw-plug from the gasoline tank in the bow, and ascertained,
by dipping in a stick, that there was fuel enough to run to the Point
and back.
“Better wait until after supper,” advised Marie. “Come over to our
camp, boys, and we’ll give you the best meal we can get up in a
hurry. Then we’ll go over to the Point with you.”
“But we want to look for our canoe,” insisted Phil.
“I know,” replied his sister, “but we’ve got to go to the Point
anyhow. You need some supplies, and the canoe is just as likely to
be in that direction as any other.”
“Not much!” insisted Jack. “The Gypsies wouldn’t take it over that
way—too many chances of being seen.”
“What makes you think the Gypsies took it?” asked Mabel.
“Of course they took it!” cried Jack. “Who else? We come back to
find our camp looted, to quote Natalie, and——”
“Oh, Jack! You’re making fun of me?” she exclaimed.
“I am not, Nat! Looted is a dandy word. Anyhow, our camp is
cleaned out, Blake’s best handkerchief is gone, and good riddance to
that Italian opera, I claim——”
“You wait!” threatened the loser. “I’ll get even with you all right!”
“And then our canoe is gone,” went on Jack, ignoring the protest.
“The Gypsies must have been going about the lake in some kind of
boat. They saw our camp deserted, and helped themselves. Then
they towed off our canoe.”
“But how do you account for them not taking anything from our
camp?” asked Mabel.
“Oh, they were too polite,” said Blake. “Besides, they may not
have had time. Well, if we’re going to get a move on, let’s do it!”
“Come over in about fifteen minutes,” suggested Mrs. Bonnell.
“We’ll be ready for you then. Come on, girls,” and she led the way
back to Dogwood camp, leaving the boys to discuss among

themselves the queer happenings, while the girls were no less
exercised over what had occurred.
“Oh, dear!” exclaimed Natalie. “I don’t like these Gypsies so near
at hand. It makes me nervous.”
“They’re not near,” said Mabel. “Why, are you afraid of being
kidnapped?”
“Hardly,” replied Natalie. “But who knows? They may take all our
clothes some day when we’re not at camp, and we’d have to go
home in these suits.”
“If they all became us as well as yours does you, Nat,” said the
Guardian, “I’m sure we wouldn’t object. I’m sure mine makes me
look ever so much stouter. I really must exercise more and eat less.”
“If the Gypsies make off with our larder we’ll all of us eat less,”
suggested Alice with a laugh. “Well, we must see what we can give
the boys. I know they must be nearly famished.”
And from the manner in which the campers of Stony Point did
justice to the hasty meal that the Camp Fire Girls prepared, it was
evident that Alice’s conjecture was right.
“And now for the Point!” cried Blake. “Shall we help you lock up,
girls?”
“Such locking as we can do,” spoke Marie. “I wish there was some
way of making a tent more secure. The next time we go camping we
must have a log cabin. We can lock that.”
“Leave a lantern burning,” suggested Phil. “That will make any
unwelcome visitors think some one is at home. That’s what we
always do.”
The girls agreed that this might be a good plan, and a light was
left within the tent, securely fastened against the possibility of an
upset, should a squirrel or other prowler enter in search of food.
Another lantern was lighted and hung outside, and the boys, having
done likewise at their camp, the motor-boat was gotten in readiness
for the trip to the Point after supplies.

“And we’ll keep a lookout for our canoe on the way,” suggested
Phil.
“Not much chance of spotting it after dark,” replied Blake.
“But if we see a rowboat, or one canoe towing another we’ll sort
of sneak up and take a look,” remarked Jack.
“Oh, boys!” cried Natalie, “please don’t have any—
unpleasantness.”
“Unpleasantness is—good!” affirmed Phil. “We’ll just throw them
overboard, Nat, if we find any of them have our canoe, and then all
the unpleasantness will be on their side.”
“Oh, boys! You couldn’t!” and she seemed really alarmed.
“Of course they won’t,” said Alice witheringly. “Don’t let them
scare you.”
“Well, we’re going to get our canoe,” declared Phil doggedly.
But though the boys kept a sharp lookout on their way to the
Point they saw no signs of their missing craft. Once at the Point,
which was a sort of gathering place for the campers and cottagers
from all the coves and inlets of the lake, the boys gave their orders
for groceries, and then danced with the girls, for the nightly hops
were a feature there.
“‘A good time was had by all,’ as the Weekly Clarion of Hensfoot
Corners will say next week,” remarked Blake, as the little party
prepared to go back to camp.
“It was enjoyable,” declared Natalie who was very fond of dancing.
“I hated to come away.”
“I’ll go back with you,” offered Blake. “We can get a boat to bring
us over.”
“You’ll do nothing of the kind!” exclaimed Mrs. Bonnell, with a
laugh. “It’s time my Camp Fire Girls were home and in bed.”
“Oh, very well, Nat,” sighed Blake. “Some other time.”
They found their camps undisturbed, the lighted lanterns
seemingly serving them well in their absence. But, as on the going

trip, there was no sign of the missing canoe. Nor did a casual search
the boys made the next day bring it to light.
They reported their loss to the local authorities, and one of the
constables said he would do what he could to find the craft.
“Though it isn’t very hopeful,” he told them. “It’s so easy to paint
a canoe over, and they all look alike.”
The officer seemed more interested in hearing about the location
of the Gypsy wagons and tents at Bear Pond, and made a trip to the
girls’ camp to learn about them. He was given the directions to find
it, and said he would make an investigation at once.
“And, if you can,” urged Mabel, “see if you can get back my
mother’s ring.”
“I will,” he promised, but the girls well knew that there was but a
small chance of success.
“Maybe we should have told him about the haunted mill,”
suggested Natalie.
“No!” declared Mrs. Bonnell. “That was only some foolish fancy of
that hermit. The mill isn’t haunted.”
“Of course not,” Natalie agreed, “but I’m sure I saw a face at the
window that day.”
But nothing was said to the constable about it.
Several days passed, and nothing new developed. The boys did
not find their canoe, and nothing was heard about the visit of the
constable to the Gypsy camp.
The Camp Fire Girls and their brothers and friend, went on
excursions together, and had a general good time. The summer had
been an ideal one, so far, they all agreed. The girls did some more
clay work, and Mrs. Bonnell sent to the Camp Fire Headquarters for
a hand loom on which to make bead work.
“For you girls will soon be Fire Makers,” she said, “and will want to
wear some of the bead head-bands. You can begin weaving your
particular designs now. Natalie can make a pine tree for her symbol,
Marie a bird, Mabel an ear of corn, and Alice an Indian tepee.”

“I think Natalie will look perfectly stunning with a bead head-band
over her black hair,” whispered Marie.
“She’s stunning as she is now—a regular Pocahontas,” answered
Mabel.
The girls were delighted with the bead work, and kept at it so
steadily that the boys complained they would not “come out and
play.”
It was late one afternoon when Mrs. Bonnell, who had been
walking through the woods with Marie, who wanted to look for a
certain flower, came back. She had left Natalie and Mabel together,
at their bead work.
“Where’s Natalie?” asked the Guardian. “I have a lovely idea for
her bead head-band.”
“She went out to meet you,” said Mabel. “Some time ago. Didn’t
you see her?”
“No!” exclaimed Mrs. Bonnell, as she looked at the lengthening
shadows over the lake. “I—wish—she would come back.”
In spite of themselves the girls and their Guardian felt a chill of
fear strike to their hearts.
“Let’s call!” suggested Marie.
They united their voices in Natalie’s name, varying the summons
with “Wo-he-lo!” and “Dogwood camp!”
“What’s the matter?” asked Blake, who came running over a little
later.
“Natalie is missing!” exclaimed Mabel. “Oh, Blake, what could have
happened to her?”

CHAPTER XXV
ON THE TRAIL
“Now, the first thing you want to do is to keep cool,” advised
Blake. “Take it easy—nothing could have happened to her.”
“Oh, but you don’t know—there might,” gasped Alice.
“What is it?” asked Jack, as he and Phil came up on the run,
having followed Blake when they heard the girls calling.
“Natalie is missing!” exclaimed Mrs. Bonnell. “Marie and I went for
a walk in the woods, leaving Mabel and Natalie here. When did she
leave you, Mabel?”
“Soon after you started out.”
“That’s nearly two hours ago. And she’s been gone all this time,”
commented the Guardian. “Did she say which way she was going?”
“No,” answered Mabel. “I didn’t pay much attention. I was looking
after that beef stew, and I didn’t want it to burn, so I kept going in
the tent ever so often.”
“I heard Natalie say, when I was over the stove at one time, that
she was going into the woods, and I took it for granted that she
would follow you.”
“We didn’t see anything of her,” said Marie. “We walked slowly at
first, so she could easily have caught up to us.”
“And it’s getting darker,” murmured Alice, who had been over to
the boys’ camp, doing a bit of sewing for her brother. She had
followed them as they ran to Dogwood in response to the calls.

“Oh, isn’t it too bad!” exclaimed Mrs. Bonnell.
“She’ll turn up all right!” asserted Blake. “Then you didn’t see
which way she went, Mabel?”
“No, I was in the cooking tent. But she wouldn’t go off the main
path; would she?”
“It doesn’t seem so,” spoke Marie. “Oh, we must find her! She
can’t stay in the woods,” and there was a catch in her voice.
“Now, take it easy, sis,” advised her brother. “We’ll find her all
right. All we’ll have to do is to begin a search. She probably went
farther than she meant to and it takes longer to come back. Come
on, boys, we’ll start on the trail.”
“You must have lanterns!” insisted the Guardian. “It will soon be
too dark to see. We have a number of ’em. Girls, light ’em up!”
“Are we going to stay here—alone?” asked Alice.
“You always have,” said her brother.
“But Natalie——”
“Let ’em come along, if they want to,” suggested Jack. “It’s no fun
waiting around for news. But we’ll soon find her,” he added. “We’ll
each take a different trail—there are three main ones into the woods
—Nat must be on one of those. Each fellow can take a girl, and Mrs.
Bonnell can be a sort of director of operations.”
The girls paired off with their brothers, and soon the woods bore
the appearance of a forest wherein flickered big fireflies, for the
lanterns bobbed here and there amid the trees, as do the insects on
a June evening.
As the boys and Camp Fire Girls went slowly along they called
from time to time, their voices echoing through the fast-darkening
woods. But there came no answering cry.
The three main trails into the woods did not diverge greatly, and it
was possible for the three searching parties to keep in
communication with one another. From time to time one or the other
called, asking for any news. But none was forthcoming.

“Oh, we must find her!” exclaimed Mrs. Bonnell. “Something must
have happened to her!”
“I think that must be it,” agreed Jack; Mrs. Bonnell having
accompanied him and his sister. “Maybe she has fallen and——”
“Oh, Jack!” begged Marie. “Don’t say such horrid things!”
“Why not—if they’re true? We might as well recognize that
something is likely to have happened. We’ve got to face the music.”
“Poor Natalie!” breathed Marie. “Oh!” she screamed a moment
later.
“What is it?” demanded Mrs. Bonnell.
“Something went right over my foot.”
“A snake—I mean hoptoad,” and Jack quickly corrected himself.
“Don’t mention it!” cried Marie with a shudder.
She clung to her brother, who flashed the lantern back and forth.
Again and again was Natalie’s name called, but the echoes from the
dark woods were the only replies.
“Oh, what can have become of her?” whispered Mabel to Phil. “Do
you suppose——?”
“What’s the use of supposing anything?” he answered a bit
shortly. “We’ll know when we find her, and not before.”
Then they tramped on, and, a little later, a call from their left gave
them hope. Blake and Alice were over there.
“What is it?” called Phil. “Have you found her?”
“No,” answered Blake in disappointed tones. “Alice thought she
heard her, but it turned out to be a stray cow. Any luck?”
“Not a bit!”
“Where are the others?”
“Not far off. I can see their light. I guess they haven’t struck any
clues.”
“We’ll have to wait until morning.”
“I think so, but we’ll look a little farther.”

So they kept on. But it was evident that Natalie was not in that
part of the woods. After some difficulty the three bands of searchers
got together again, Jack, his sister and Mrs. Bonnell having
wandered into a sort of swamp, where the water oozed over their
shoes. They were wet, tired and miserable.
“We—we can’t find her!” faltered Marie.
“Oh, where can she be?” murmured Mabel.
“Now, there’s no use worrying,” insisted Blake.
“But, we can’t help it,” said his sister.
“We just must, girls,” declared Mrs. Bonnell in firm tones. “We
must not worry!”
“But, poor Natalie!” cried Alice.
“Be sensible,” ordered the Guardian. “She is well and strong, and
able to take care of herself. Something may have unavoidably
detained her, and——”
“But, where did she go? Where could she stay after dark?” Marie
wanted to know.
“We can’t tell. Certainly we will have to find her. Perhaps we had
better go back to camp and summon help,” suggested Mrs. Bonnell.
“Oh, let’s!” chorused the girls, and this was voted the best plan.
“There’s a camp of young fellows not far from ours,” said Jack
when they were all back at Dogwood—a disconsolate enough party.
“We’ll get them and beat the woods. You girls had better stay here
now. We’ll find her. I’ll row down in one of your boats, and get
them.”
He hurried to the little dock, and at once called out:
“Where’s your small rowboat?”
“Isn’t it there?” asked Mrs. Bonnell in surprised tones.
“Not a sign of it.”
In the flickering light of the lanterns those near the tents looked at
each other. Then Marie cried:

“I see it now! Natalie went out in a boat and is drowned! Oh,
Natalie!” and she fell to sobbing on Mrs. Bonnell’s shoulder.

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Italian Advanced 1st Various Authors Of The Living Language Team

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