Iv fluid infusion

IV fluid Infusion

1. IV Fluid Infusion In Children Prepared By: Sapana Dahal Roll. No. 22 B.Sc.Nursing 4 th year MNC,IOM,TU

2. Definition It is an effective and efficient method of supplying fluid directly into the intravenous compartment producing rapid effect with availability of injecting large volume of fluid more than any other method of administration.

3. Types of IV fluid Colloid Crystalloid

4. Colloid Fluids with large molecules which donot pass the cell membranes, when infused remain mainly in the intravascular compartment. It expands intravascular volume and draw fluid from extravascular spaces. Eg . Albumin, hemacel , dextran.

5. 2. Crystalloid It contains small molecules flowing easily through cell membranes,allowing for transfer from blood stream into cells and body tissues. It increases the blood volume in both interstitial and intravascular spaces.

6. It is further divided into: Isotonic: eg . 0.9% Sodium Chloride, Ringer Lactate,5% dextrose in water. Hypotonic : eg . 0.45% sodium chloride,0.33% Sodium Chloride,o.2% sodium chloride,2.5% dextrose in water. Hypertonic: eg . 3% Sodium Chloride,5% Sodium Chloride.

7. Principles of IV fluid Therapy Maintenance Fluids are given for compensating ongoing sensible losses. It includes urine output, fecal matter, respiration, perspiration. Its requirement is higher in children than adults because of higher metabolic rate, more body surface area, higher respiratory rate

8. ¼ NS,1/4 NS+ D5, ½ NS, 1/2NS+D5 are the most commonly used fluid for maintenance. Normal range for children is (70-150)ml/hr. Calculated by Holliday Segar Method . 4/2/1 rule In case electrolyte is to be added then,

9. Sodium(Na)= 3mEq/kg/day Potassium(k)=2 mEq /kg/day Chloride( Cl )=2 mEq /kg/day

10. For most children, 5% dextrose with 0.45 % Nacl provides need of sodium when used as maintenance fluid.

11. 2. Replacement Fluid It includes fluid to meet ongoing losses due to medical treatment.Eg . Patient with chest tube drain, umcontrolled vomotong , continue diarrhea,CSF shunt, etc. Ringer lactate, Normal saline are preferred.

12. Types of Fluid Administration Set Buroset Infusion Pump

13. IV Infusion Preparation through Buro Set 1. Confirm Patient’s Identification

14. 2. Review Physician’s Order

15. 3. Explanation about the procedure

16. 4. Perform Hand Hygiene

17. 5. Gather Equipments Cardex Tray containing gloves, syringe with normal saline, marker medicine. IV drip fluid Buroset

18. 6. Inspect administration set

19. 7. Place IV level on the IVF bottle

20. 8. Hang solution container on the pole.

21. 9. Open IV set aseptically.

22. 10. Fill the drip chamber half.

23. 11. Expel air bubble if any. 12. Connect tubing to catheter and initiate infusion. 13. Infuse as per the rate and amount. 14. Observe for complications like signs of infection, phlebitis, infiltration, kin color changes, fluid and electrolyte overload, etc.

24. 15. Never allow the bottle to get empty completely. 16. Quickly remove the spike from the old IV solution without touching the tip and insert spike into the new intravenous bottle. 17. Document accurately.

25. 18. IV tubing should be changed every 48-72 hours and cannula every 72 hours.

26. SUMMARY

27. THANK YOU

28. References Pathak.S ., Devkota.R .(2014).A Textbook of Fundamentals of Nursing, 4 th edition, Lumbini Printing and Publication,Unit 10, p.g.no: 171-174. Kozier and Erb (2014), Fundamentals of Nursing, 9 th edition,Dorling Kinderslay P.vt , New Delhi, chapter- 52, P.g.no:152

29. 3. William L and Wilkins(2014), Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice, 10 th edition, Wolter Kluwer, New delhi , Chapter 6, P.g.no: 82-85 4. Janice. L. Hinkle, Cheever H.K.(2014), Brunner and Siddharth’s Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, 13 th edition, Wolter Kluwer, New Delhi, Unit 3, P.g.no 248, 272-276.

30. 5. http://mdcalc.com/maintenancefluidcalculations ( retrived on 4/9) 6. Holliday MA,Segar WE, the maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy, Paediatrics vol.19( retrived on 4/9)

31. 7. Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ, Neonatal Perinatal Medicine. 7 th edition. St. Louis, Mosby, Inc;2002 8. Friis Hansen B. Body Water Compartments in Children: Changes during growth and related changes in body composition, Paediatrics . 1961; 28:169-181