IWC-20-35-Yallaly Final PPT slides 092820 090923wb.pdf

IWC-20-35-Yallaly Final PPT slides 092820 090923wb.pdf

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FULL SCALE BRINE MINIMIZATION
LESSONS LEARNED AT THE CHINO CONCENTRATE
REDUCTION FACILITY
Brandon C. Yallaly, P.E.
Ben Armel
Vincent Hart, P.E.
IWC 20-35

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The Brine Challenge In Southern California
Chino II
Chino I
Tustin
Irvine
Temescal
Arlington
Perris &
Menifee
Brine Line Export is
Expensive and
Capacity is Fixed

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The Chino II Brine Reduction Facility (CRF) Was the
Product of Multiple Drivers
Reduce Discharge To Brine Line
•Allow for Expansion of Chino II Desalter
•Utilize Capital Project Specific Grant Funding
Resource Recovery and Sustainability
•Recover Additional Potable Water from Wellfield
•Produce Residuals That Have Beneficial Reuse
(Economic and Environmental)
•Reduce Scaling Potential In Brine Line

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The CRF Provided an Option to Purchasing Additional
Brine Line Capacity
Expanded facility brine volume of
2.68-mgd exceeded current brine
line capacity of 1.62-mgd.

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The CRF Allows Chino II To Meet Disposal Goals And
Recover Potable Water
A large portion of solid residuals
have beneficial use value.

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Process Goals In Addition to Volume
Reduction
Nitrate Reduction
>95% Removal
(Feed NO
3> 500 mg/L)
Stable Brine
Minimize Risk of Post CRF
Brine Line Precipitation
These additional goals eliminated EDR and induction time-based volume
reduction processes from consideration

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CRF Feedwater Quality Summary
Water Quality Summary For CRF
Parameter
1
Primary RO Concentrate
Secondary RO Feed (Post
Solids Contact Softening)
Secondary RO Permeate
Calcium 679 7 0
Magnesium 102 4 0
Sodium 252 778 8
Chloride 455 468 2
Nitrate 524 524 17
Alkalinity 1145 302 1
Calcium Hardness 1697 17 0
Magnesium Hardness 420 16 0
Total Hardness 2116 33 0
Total Dissolved Solids 3319 2718 29.8
Silica 194.3 74.8 0.7
pH 7.61 9.0 8.8
Notes:
1. All units as mg/L except for alkalinity and hardness (mg/L as CaCO
3) and pH (pH units).

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Energy Recovery And
Pelletized Softening

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Pellet Reactors Were Selected As The Primary Chemical Softening
Configuration
•Basics
•Upflow, fluidized bed
•Lime and/or caustic is injected at bottom of bed
•Seed (sand or CaCO
3) introduced to provide crystal
growth sites
•Pellet blowdownfrequency determines size
•Benefits
•High rate (small footprint)
•Easily dewatered residuals
•Beneficial reuse opportunities
RHDHV Crystallactor®

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Dried pellets have marketable value and are
easier to store and transport
•Pellets are value-added
products
•Industrial applications:
•Concrete block manufacturers
•Specialty mineral suppliers
•Convert waste stream to
usable commodity

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Energy Recovery And
Pelletized Softening
Solids Contact Clarification
and Filtration

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Chemical Softening Removes Scaling Precursors In The
Primary RO Concentrate
Secondary RO recovery of 66%
(and higher) achieved through:
•Calcium reduction
•Magnesium reduction
•Alkalinity reduction
•Silica reduction
SilicaCalcium
180 mg/L1,700 mg/L
<40 mg/L<80 mg/L
CRF TREATMENT GOALS
Achieving <50 mg/L

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Energy Recovery And
Pelletized Softening
Solids Contact Clarification
and Filtration
Secondary ROSolids Handling

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•Capacity:
•Influent: Up to 2.47 mgd of primary RO
concentrate
•RO Permeate: >1.73 mgd
•Brine and IX Waste: < 0.94-mgd
•Secondary RO Recovery: 66-85 Percent
•Overall Facility Recovery: >94 Percent
•Solid Residual Disposal:
•Pellets: Sold to local minerals distributer
•Dewatered solids: Landfill with option for
composting
•Product Water Use: Potable
Facility in Operation Since May 2017
Facility Facts and Features

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Lessons Learned
Inaugural Combination of Established Processes = Unknowns

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Lessons Learned –Pellet Bed Management
Extreme Hardness = Uncharted Territory for Pellet Reactors
•Removal rate per area of reactor is 10X higher typical
applications
•Traditional bed DP and bed level detection
instruments had limitations
Problem: Reactor performance was difficult to
control without effective pellet bed
management

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Lessons Learned –Pellet Bed Management
Strategy 1: Reactors installed on load cells
•Reactor weight pre and post pellet
blowdown correlates to weight of pellet
discharge
•A secondary option would be to place
storage hoppers on load cells and track
weight
Pellet Reactors on Load Cells
Included for South Adams (Denver)
Design Based on CRF

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Lessons Learned –Pellet Bed Management
Strategy 2: Measure pellet blowdown using
mass flowmeters on pellet blowdown line.
•By measuring the flowrate and
density, the mass of pellets removed
can be calculated
•Less invasive option over retrofitting
the existing pellet reactors with load
cells

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Lessons Learned –Pellet Bed Management
Test Results: Plugging of meter led to inaccurate
results.
Test Installation At CRF
Next Step: Try different model with straighter
flow path but lower accuracy

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Lessons Learned –Seed Inventory Control
Seed material is hydraulically injected into the pellet
reactor at a mass ratio of 1/27
th
of the pellet
blowdown mass
•Controlling seed dosing is critical to stable reactor
performance
•Seed is metered using a volumetric screw feeder
Silo mounted volumetric screw feeders for
seed metering
Problem: Range of seed material sizing can lead
to washout of seed material, causing inaccurate
inventory of seed.

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Lessons Learned –Seed Inventory Control
Sieve analysis of seed material
showed that nearly 50% of
seed material was smaller than
target 0.3 mm diameter.
Next Step: Owner working with supplier to
improve seed material size range.

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Lessons Learned –Two Stage Softening Process
Optimizing the balance between
hardness and silica removal and
chemical usage and sludge
production is key for long term
O&M efficiency.
Problem: Balancing two different softening
processes requires operational finesse.

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Lessons Learned –Two Stage Softening Process
Current Optimization Efforts:
•Remove silica via calcium silicate
precipitation by using lime to
deplete alkalinity
•Advantage: Reduce/eliminate need
for magnesium removal
Silica
180 mg/L
<80 mg/L
Eliminating Mg(OH)
2precipitation could
dramatically reduce solids handling
requirements

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Lessons Learned –Process
Initial Results:
•Lime addition in the pellet reactor was problematic due to injection lance
plugging (even with high-quality high-density lime and decarbonated RO
permeate as motive water)
•Silica reduction was achieved when carbonate alkalinity was exhausted
•DP rise and rapid pretreatment bag filter fouling occurred even though
silica and calcium carbonate were well below saturation levels
Next Steps:
•Restart test using caustic soda in pellet reactors and lime in the solids
contact clarifiers (silica removal in SCCs)
•Incrementally step through pH adjustment in SCCs to get optimum
balance of silica and Mg reduction.

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The optimization steps and lessons learned, combined with the skill and
determination of the CRF’s operating staff, will ultimately result in a
more reliable and more efficient CRF for years to come.

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Acknowledgements
Both the commissioning and the ongoing operational success can be
attributed almost entirely to the exceptional Jurupa Community Services
District operations staff:
•Ben Armel
•Aaron Anderson
•Matt Abel
•Daniel Cardenas