Jamun

crop production in jamun

1. Jamun

2. Jamun- Syzigium cumini Called as Malabar plum, Java plum, black plum Origin- Indian subcontinent Ever green tropical tree It can reach heights of up to 30 m and can live more than 100 years Fruit - rich in iron, -medicine for diabetes, heart and liver trouble

3. Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Angiosperms Order: Myrtales Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Syzygium Species: S.  cumini

4. Climate and soil Hardy crop- can grown under adverse soil and climatic conditions Suitable for tropical and subtropical climates Requires dry weather at the time of flowering and fruit setting Rains are beneficial for better growth, development and ripening of fruit Young plants are susceptible to frost

5. Contd … Can grown on calcareous, saline, sodic soils and marshy areas Well drained deep loam is ideal Do not prefer heavy and light sandy soil

6. Varieties There is no improved variety for commercial cultivation Common types Ram jamun-for north India –large ,oblong, purple fruit Paras – Gujarat- large sized fruit Narendra Jamun 6 – Faizabad,UP

7. Propagation Seed Most common method Seed has no dormancy Fresh seeds are sown (within 10 to 15 days) 4-5 cm deep Germination: 10-15 days after sowing Polyembryony: 30-40%

8. Asexual propagation Budding Patch and forket budding- 70% success in march In low rainfall area July august is ideal Done on one year old root stock with 10 mm thickness

9. Planting Planting time July- September - ideal February- march – in irrigated area 1m 3 pits are dug out before onset of monsoon and filled with 3 part soil and 1 part FYM Spacing :10x10m- seedlings 8x8m – budded plants

10. Training and pruning Regular pruning is not required Weak, diseased and crisscross branches are removed Branches are allowed only 60- 90 cm above ground level

11. Manuring and fertilizers Pre bearing period- 20-25 kg FYM/plant/year Bearing trees- 50-60 kg FYM/plant/year 500:600:300g NPK /plant/year They should be spread near canopy of plant and mix with soil by hoeing

12. Irrigation Young plant require 6- 8 irrigation Bearing trees September to October- for better fruit bud formation May to June- for better development of fruits 5-6 irrigations are required for bearing trees

13. Flowering and fruiting Flowers are borne in the axils of leaves on branchlets In North Indian conditions, flowering occurs in the 1 st week of March till the end of April Pollen fertility is higher in the beginning of the season Maximum receptivity of stigma is observed one day after anthesis Jamun is cross-pollinated by honey bees, houseflies and wind

14. Contd … Maximum fruit set can be obtained by hand pollination when it is done after one day of anthesis Thereafter, a sharp decline is observed in fruit set Heavy drop of flowers and fruits occur within 3 to 4 weeks after blooming Natural fruit drop can be reduced with two sprays of GA3 60 ppm - @ full bloom @ 15 days after initial setting of fruits

15. The pattern of growth and fruit development of jamun can be divided into three phases: 15-52 days after fruit set having slow growth of fruit 52 to 58 days after fruit set having fast growth 58 to 60 days after fruit set having slow growth and very little addition in fruit weight

16. Harvest Seedling tree start bearing in 9-10 years Budded trees – 5-6 years Non-climacteric fruit- fully ripe fruits are harvested Harvesting period- June- July Yield Seedling tree- 80-100 kg/plant/year Budded tree- 50-70 kg/plant/year

17. Postharvest management Highly perishable; shelf life- 2days in ambient temperature Storage- 8-10°C and 85-90% RH for 3 weeks Package- bamboo baskets Products- vinegar, cider, RTS, squash Seed powder- cure diabetes

18. Physiological disorders Heavy flower and fruit drop 50% of flowers are drop within 3-4 weeks of flowering Spray 60 ppm GA 3 at full bloom and 15 days after fruit set

19. Diseases Anthracnose Pests White fly Leaf eating caterpillar

20. Thankyou