Jan Mark Dalut Report on Stem Cells and Development of Biology.pptx

The presentation "Stem Cells and Development of Biology" explores the fascinating intersection of stem cell biology and developmental biology. It delves into the fundamental concepts of stem cells, including their types, properties, and roles in development and regeneration. The presentation covers key topics such as pluripotency, differentiation, and the ethical considerations surrounding stem cell research. Additionally, it highlights the applications of stem cell biology in regenerative medicine and biotechnology, providing insights into how these cells contribute to tissue repair and disease treatment. By integrating developmental biology principles, the presentation illustrates how stem cells guide embryonic development and maintain tissue homeostasis throughout life.
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1. Where biology meets brilliance! By I Jan Mark A. Dalut and Gerald Bohol

2. RECAP : Jainfol , please stand up! Q1: Atoms are the building blocks of ________. Q2: Monosaccharides (simple sugar) are the building blocks of ________. Q3: _____ are the building blocks of proteins. Q4: Nucleotides are the building blocks of_____. Q5: _____ are the building blocks of tissues and organs.

3. Development of Biology Stem Cells and the

4. Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: 01 02 03 To understand the fundamental concepts of stem cells, classifications, and their role in development biology To discuss recent advancements and future directions in stem cells research. Define and classify stem cells (embryonic, adult, induced pluripotent).

5. Topics Definition of a Cell What is Stem Cells? What is Development Biology? Stem Cells and the Development of Biology Types of Stem cells Why is there such an interest in stem cells? Application of stem cells research.

6. 01 Definition of a Cell

7. What is a cell? It is a small compartment that holds all of the biological equipment necessary to keep an organism alive.

8. 02 What is Stem Cells?

9. Are the body’s raw materials, which can develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. Stem Cells

10. 03 What is Development Biology?

11. Development Biology Biology – study of life. Development Biology – is a branch of biology that studies the process by which living organisms grow and develop. Development – process of continuous change.

12. 04 Stem Cells and the Development of Biology

13. Stem Cells and Development of Biology Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of undifferentiated cells. Stem cell research is an exciting field that has the potential to revolutionize medicine. Keywords: differentiate into, undifferentiated biological cells, specialized cells

14. Keywords: differentiate into – means that stem cells have the ability to transform or develop into. (Develop into, mature into, transform into, and specialize into) undifferentiated biological cells – refer to cells that; Lack specialized functions or structures. Haven’t developed specific characteristics. specialized cells – are cells that perform specific functions and have distinct structures.

15. 05 Types of Stem Cells

16. 05 Types of Embryonic Stem Cells Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) Adult Stem Cells (ACCs) Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

17. Derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, these cells can differentiate into any cell type. 1. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)

18. Produce all cells of an organism. Example: Zygote 1.1 Totipotent Stem Cells TSCs) Subtypes of ESCs

19. Produce all the 3 germ layer, but not placenta. 3 Germ layer: Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm Example: Inner cell mass (ICM) 1.2 Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) Subtypes of ESCs

20. Differentiate into discrete cell types Example: Hematopoietic Stem Cells ( hPSCs ) 1.3 Multipotent Stem Cells (MSCs) Subtypes of ESCs

21. Found in bone marrow, these cells can produce all types of blood cells (red and white blood cells). 1.3.1 Hematopoietic Stem cells Example of MSCs

22. Located in the brain, these can differentiate into various types of neurons and glial cells but are limited to the nervous system. 1.3.2 Neural Stem Cells Examples of MSCs

23. These stem cells can differentiate into a new cell types. Example: Lymphoid or Myeloid Stem Cells. 1.4 Oligopotent Stem cells (OSCs) Subtypes of ESCs

24. Can differentiate into B and T cells, and natural killers. Lymphoid Stem Cells Example of OSCs

25. Gives rise to red blood cells, platelets, and various types of white blood cells (like neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells). Lymphoid Stem Cells Example of OSCs

26. These are the most limited stem cells, capable of producing only one cell type. Example: Skin Stem Cells (SSCs) and Muscle Stem Cells (MSCs) 1.5 Unipotent Stem cells (USCs) Subtypes of ESCs

27. Capable of producing skin cells only. Skin Stem Cells (SSCs) Example of USCs

28. Specialized cells found in skeletal muscle tissue. They play a crucial role in muscle growth, repair, and regeneration. Muscle Stem Cells ( mSCs ) Example of USCs .

29. Undifferentiated cells found in fully developed tissues; can generate specific cell types related to their tissue. Replace the damaged tissues in the region where they are located. 2. Adult Stem cells

30. Found in bone marrow, these cells can produce all types of blood cells (red and white blood cells). Application: Used in bone marrow transplantation to treat cancer Hematopoietic Stem Cells ( hPSCs ) Example of ASCs

31. Adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state, allowing them to differentiate into various cell types. 3. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

32. Formed from the connective tissues. Example: Found in various tissues, they can differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat cells. 4. Masenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

33. Found in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood, these cells can differentiate into various cell types and have potential therapeutic uses. 5. Perinatal Stem Cells (PSCs

34. Types Subtypes Examples 1. Embryonic Stem Cells Totipotent Stem Cells Ex. 1: Zygote Pluripotent Stem Cells Multipotent Stem Cells Ex. 1: Hematopietic Stem Cells Ex. 2: Neural Stem Cells Oligopotent Stem Cells Ex. 1: Lymphoid Stem Cells Ex. 2: Myeloid Stem Cells Unipotent Stem Cells Ex. 1: Skin Stem Cells Ex. 2: Muscle Stem Cells

35. Types Subtypes Examples 2. Adult Stem Cells (ASCs) -- Ex. 1: Hematopietic Stem Cells 3. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) -- -- 4. Masenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) -- -- 5. Perinatal Stem Cells (PSCs) -- --

36. 06 Why is there such an interest in stem cells?

37. Why is there such an interest in stem cells? Increase understanding of how diseases occur. Generate healthy cells to replace cells affected by disease (regenerative medicine) Stem cells are being studied to treat type 1 diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, heart failure, osteoarthritis, and other conditions. Stem cells may have the potential to be grown to become new tissue for use in transplant and regenerative medicine.

38. 07 Application of Stem Cells Research

39. Stem Spinal Cord Injury Stem cells could be used to regenerate damaged heart tissue, improving heart function. Stem cells potentially repair damaged spinal cords, restoring mobility. Heart Disease Stem cells could potentially replace damaged insulin-producing cells, offering a cure for diabetes. Diabetes Application of Stem Cells Research

40. Thank you!