Java 8 Lambda Built-in Functional Interfaces

In Java 8, the java.util.function has numerous built-in interfaces. Other packages in the Java library (notably java.util.stream package) make use of the interfaces defined in this package. Java 8 developers should be familiar with using key interfaces provided in this package. This presentation provides an overview of four key functional interfaces (Consumer, Supplier, Function, and Predicate) provided in this package.

1. JAVA 8: LAMBDA BUILT-IN
FUNCTIONAL INTERFACES
ganesh samarthyam
[email protected]

2. Functional interfaces
@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaFunction {
void call();
}
Functional interface
Abstract method providing the signature of the
lambda function
Annotation to explicitly state that it is a functional
interface

3. Java 8 lambdas - “Hello world!”
@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaFunction {
void call();
}
class FirstLambda {
public static void main(String []args) {
LambdaFunction lambdaFunction = () -> System.out.println("Hello world");
lambdaFunction.call();
}
}
Functional interface - provides
signature for lambda functions
Lambda function/expression
Call to the lambda
Prints “Hello world” on the console when executed

4. Older Single Abstract Methods (SAMs)
// in java.lang package
interface Runnable { void run(); }
// in java.util package
interface Comparator<T> { boolean compare(T x, T y); }
// java.awt.event package:
interface ActionListener { void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) }
// java.io package
interface FileFilter { boolean accept(File pathName); }

5. Functional interfaces: Single abstract methods
@FunctionalInterface
interface LambdaFunction {
void call();
// Single Abstract Method (SAM)
}

6. Using built-in functional interfaces
// within Iterable interface
default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (T t : this) {
action.accept(t);
}
}
// in java.util.function package
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {
void accept(T t);
// the default andThen method elided
}

7. Using built-in functional interfaces
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("eeny", "meeny", "miny", "mo");
Consumer<String> printString = string -> System.out.println(string);
strings.forEach(printString);
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("eeny", "meeny", "miny", "mo");
strings.forEach(string -> System.out.println(string));

8. Built-in functional interfaces

9. Built-in functional interfaces are a
part of the java.util.function
package (in Java 8)

10. Built-in interfaces
Predicate<T> Checks a condition and returns a
boolean value as result
In filter() method in
java.util.stream.Stream
which is used to remove elements
in the stream that don’t match the
given condition (i.e., predicate) as Consumer<T> Operation that takes an argument but
returns nothing
In forEach() method in
collections and in
java.util.stream.Stream; this
method is used for traversing all
the elements in the collection or Function<T,
R>
Functions that take an argument and
return a result
In map() method in
java.util.stream.Stream to
transform or operate on the passed
value and return a result.
Supplier<T> Operation that returns a value to the
caller (the returned value could be
same or different values)
In generate() method in
java.util.stream.Stream to
create a infinite stream of
elements.

11. Predicate interface
Stream.of("hello", "world")
.filter(str -> str.startsWith("h"))
.forEach(System.out::println);
The filter() method takes a Predicate
as an argument (predicates are
functions that check a condition and
return a boolean value)

12. Predicate interface

13. Predicate interface
A Predicate<T> “affirms” something as true or
false: it takes an argument of type T, and returns a
boolean value. You can call test() method on a
Predicate object.
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {
boolean test(T t);
// other methods elided
}

14. Predicate interface: Example
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class PredicateTest {
public static void main(String []args) {
Predicate<String> nullCheck = arg -> arg != null;
Predicate<String> emptyCheck = arg -> arg.length() > 0;
Predicate<String> nullAndEmptyCheck = nullCheck.and(emptyCheck);
String helloStr = "hello";
System.out.println(nullAndEmptyCheck.test(helloStr));
String nullStr = null;
System.out.println(nullAndEmptyCheck.test(nullStr));
}
}
Prints:
true
false

15. Predicate interface: Example
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class RemoveIfMethod {
public static void main(String []args) {
List<String> greeting = new ArrayList<>();
greeting.add("hello");
greeting.add("world");
greeting.removeIf(str -> !str.startsWith("h"));
greeting.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
Prints:
hello

16. Consumer interface
Stream.of("hello", "world")
.forEach(System.out::println);
// void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action);
Prints:
hello
world

17. Consumer interface

18. Consumer interface
A Consumer<T> “consumes” something: it takes
an argument (of generic type T) and returns
nothing (void). You can call accept() method on a
Consumer object.
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {
void accept(T t);
// the default andThen method elided
}

19. Consumer interface: Example
Consumer<String> printUpperCase =
str -> System.out.println(str.toUpperCase());
printUpperCase.accept("hello");
Prints:
HELLO

20. Consumer interface: Example
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
class ConsumerUse {
public static void main(String []args) {
Stream<String> strings = Stream.of("hello", "world");
Consumer<String> printString = System.out::println;
strings.forEach(printString);
}
}
Prints:
hello
world

21. Function interface
import java.util.Arrays;
public class FunctionUse {
public static void main(String []args) {
Arrays.stream("4, -9, 16".split(", "))
.map(Integer::parseInt)
.map(i -> (i < 0) ? -i : i)
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
Prints:
4
9
16

22. Function interface

23. Function interface
A Function<T, R> “operates” on something and
returns something: it takes one argument (of
generic type T) and returns an object (of generic
type R). You can call apply() method on a Function
object.
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {
R apply(T t);
// other methods elided
}

24. Function interface: Example
Function<String, Integer> strLength = str -> str.length();
System.out.println(strLength.apply("supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"));
Prints:
34

25. Function interface: Example
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.function.Function;
public class CombineFunctions {
public static void main(String []args) {
Function<String, Integer> parseInt = Integer:: parseInt ;
Function<Integer, Integer> absInt = Math:: abs ;
Function<String, Integer> parseAndAbsInt = parseInt.andThen(absInt);
Arrays.stream("4, -9, 16".split(", "))
.map(parseAndAbsInt)
.forEach(System. out ::println);
}
}
Prints:
4
9
16

26. Supplier interface
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.Random;
class GenerateBooleans {
public static void main(String []args) {
Random random = new Random();
Stream.generate(random::nextBoolean)
.limit(2)
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
Prints two boolean
values “true” and “false”
in random order

27. Supplier interface

28. Supplier interface
A Supplier<T> “supplies” takes nothing but
returns something: it has no arguments and
returns an object (of generic type T). You can call
get() method on a Supplier object
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {
T get();
// no other methods in this interface
}

29. Supplier interface: Example
Supplier<String> currentDateTime = () -> LocalDateTime.now().toString();
System.out.println(currentDateTime.get());
Prints current time:
2015-10-16T12:40:55.164

30. Summary of built-in interfaces in
java.util.function interface
❖There are only four core functional interfaces in this
package: Predicate, Consumer, Function, and Supplier.
❖The rest of the interfaces are primitive versions, binary
versions, and derived interfaces such as
UnaryOperator interface.
❖These interfaces differ mainly on the signature of the
abstract methods they declare.
❖You need to choose the suitable functional interface
based on the context and your need.

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32. email [email protected]
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twitter @GSamarthyam
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