java swing tutorial for beginners(java programming tutorials)

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1. Swing

A Quick Tutorial on Programming
Swing Applications

2. MVC — Model View Controller

« Swing is based on this design pattern

« lt means separating the implementation of
an application into layers or components:
— The Model - the data structure that
represents something (like a customer info
rec)

— The Controller - the user interface logic for
manipulating it

— The View - the display of that data structure to
the user.

3. What is Swing?

« A set of classes (part of JFC) that support
platform independent GUI (Graphical User
Interface)

« Successor to the original Java GUI
classes (AWT) which didn’t work very well
(they had platform dependencies that
really made it a difficult API to use)

« AWT wasn't very “sexy”

4. Swing

« Visible “widgets” - windows, buttons,
combo boxes, trees, tables, checkboxes,
text fields, menus, ...

« Containers of components — applets,
dialogs, windows and frames

« Supporting classes and utility methods

5. Some important Swing visible
component classes

JApplet **
JButton
JCheckBox
JColorChooser
JComboBox
JDialog **

JFileChooser
JFormattedTextField
JFrame **

JLabel

JList

JMenu

JMenuBar
JMenultem

JPanel

JPasswordField
JPopupMenu
JProgressBar
JRadioButton
JScrollBar
JSlider
JSpinner
JTable
JTextArea
JTextField
JToggleButton
JToolBar
JTree
JWindow **

** means a top level containers

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003 5

6. Using netbeans to create a
JDialog

7. adding fields

8. steps Create Methods

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New Object Name
Basic Cass Derntion

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Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

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CustomerlnfoDialog:JDialog

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osiman & Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

11. To kill a zombie or running process in
netbeans right click and choose: "terminate”

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Poelman & Associates,

12. executing the class displays:

13. Editing a dialog

» 15! select a layout manager for the dialog

14. edit properties!

<select component

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

16. what layout manager should |
use?

« Start with the absolute and then
experiment when you feel comfortable (or
hire a graphic artist and let them worry
about it ;-).

17. Adding other components to the
view - JTextFields

18. execute the class

19. Adding a combo box

20. edit the model property for the
combo box

AE]

type in state
abbreviations
separated

by commas

21. customer name

Address

City

Zipcode

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

22. preferred size property

or , vert

23. MVC

Model — View — Controller Design
Pattern

24. Design Patterns

A design pattern is a way of designing code that benefits from experience of
other developers — see GoF (Gang of Four) on Patterns
Design patterns are “rules of thumb” & best practices
A GUI is based on many design patterns
— 3D Pliancy

Feedback

Icons

Menus

Pointing

Mnemonics 8 Accelerators

Many more ...
A pattern usually has a name (and several aliases), a context, a problem it
addresses, a description of the solution, hints of when to use it and when
not to.
See http://www.csc.calpoly.edu/-dbutler/tutorials/winter96/patterns/ ,
http://choices.cs.uiuc.edu/sane/dpatterns.html#dp and
http://www.stanford.edu/-borchers/hcipatterns

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

25. MVC — Model View Controller
pattern
« Swing components are designed as MVC
components

— Model = data or object that is the to be
visually represented

— View = one or more visual representations of
that data/object

— Controller = code to manage input to the
model

26. View Selection

User Gestures

mm Method invocations

SB BD Events

« © Sun 2002

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

27. MVC in Swing Components

The Swing component class is the view
and controller

A separate class is the model

Most components come with a default
model

You can set the model to your own model
for a control

Several controls could share a model!

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Pogiman & Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

29. Creating icons using the blank icon
to start with

30. Change the properties of the button
to use you icon

Inspector]

31. Pushing the buttons changes the
displayed prices.

32. A different and better layout

® NYU Cafe’ UI - Virtual Menu

33. JFileChooser

Enter Password

¡Button2

E]

JButton

>| a (8 [ca] (es

< JTable
<GPasswordFit

JProgressBar

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lasrroot

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Filename: [bea

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34. private
private
private
private
private
private
private

private

javax.
javax.
javax.

javax.

javax

javax.
javax.
javax.

javax.

swing.

swing.

swing

swing.
„swing.
swing.
swing.
swing.

swing.

JPasswordField
JTree

Slider
JProgressBar
JTable

Button

jPasswordFieldl;
jTreel;
jSlider1;

jProgressBarl;
jTablel;
jButton2;
jButton1;
jFileChooserl;
jLabell;

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

35. Swing based MenuLookDemo

‚A Menu | Another Menu

Atext-onlymenuitem Alt
Both text and icon

radio button menu item
© Another one

(7 A check box menu item
Another one

A sul

Poelman & Associates, Inc. () 2003

36. TopLevelWindows.java

37. TopLevelWindows.java

package SwingSamples;
import javax.swing.*;
public class TopLevelWindows
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame("The JFrame");
myJFrame.setSize (300, 300) ;
myJFrame.setLocation (100, 100) ;

JWindow myJWindow = new JWindow () ;
my JWindow.setSize (300, 300) ;
myJWindow.setLocation(500, 100);

myJFrame.setVisible (true) ;
myJWindow.setVisible (true) ;

Poelman & Associates, Inc. () 2003

38. Top Level Containers

« Must have a top level container in Swing

« You must add components to the
associated content pane

39. ContentPaneExample. java

package SwingSamples; —
DETTE
import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*; Cajas]

With the pack() [one two |

public class ContentPaneExample
{
public static void main(String args{])
{
JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame ("JFrame") ;
my JFrame. setLocation (100,100);

Container myContentPane = myJFrame.getContentPane (); (
myContentPane.setLayout (new FlowLayout ());
myContentPane.add(new JLabel ("One") ) ;
myContentPane.add(new JLabel ("Two") ) ;

myJFrame.pack (); //reformats the layout to the minimum size to fit
everything

myJFrame.setVisible (true) ;

}

Poelman & Associates, Inc. () 2003

40. ContentPaneExample2.java

package SwingSamples;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class ContentPaneExample2
{

public static void main(String args[])

{
JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame ("JFrame");
my JFrame. setLocation (100,100);

Se = von. orassae ME

myContentPane.add(new JLabel ("One"));
myContentPane.add(new JLabel ("Two"));

myJFrame.setContentPane (myContentPane) ; (
myJFrame.pack () ;

myJFrame.setVisible (true) ;

Poelman & Associates, Inc. () 2003

41. Events

« Swing uses them to communicate
between swing componenis.

« An event is just a method call on the
receiving object by the sending object. The
method passes the event object.

addActionListener (ActionListener listener) ;
removeActionListener (ActionListener listener) ;

« An object registers to receive events. The
method that gets called is:

actionPerformed (ActionEvent e);

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

42. Events

In Swing they are multicast — 1 to many
possible. Manes multiple method calls by
the send basically.

Order isn’t defined, though.

Events are immutable to the receiver.
Events may be queued as in the keyboard
event queue.

Multiple events maybe compressed into
one as in mouse movements.

43. Event Modifier Flags

SHIFT_MASK

CTRL_MASK

META_MASK

ALT_MASK

BUTTON1_MASK

BUTTON2_MASK

BUTTON3_MASK

Detect when certain keys are also pressed.

int modifierFlags = myEvent.getModifiers();

if ((modifierFlags & InputEvent.CRTL_MASK) !=0)
System.println.out (“Pressing the contrl key”);

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

44. Event Types

ComponentEvent //resized,moved, shown, hidden
FocusEvent //gained, lost
KeyEvent //typed, pressed, released

MouseEvent //clicked, pressed, released,
//entered, exited

ContainerEvent //componentAdded componentRemoved
ActionEvent //fired by: JButton, JChekBox,
AdjustmentEvent //fired by: JScrollBar

Many more ....

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

45. Event Adapter Classes

Map incoming events to a method to invoke on the
model to achieve the function.

Separates the View & Controller from the Model (MVC)
Prebuilt adapter has stubbed out methods for events.
You only implement the ones you are interested. You do
this by extending the adapter and overiding the methods
you need.

Follows a general design pattern of called “adapter”.
MouseAdapter, MouseInputAdapter,
MouseMotionAdapter, KeyAdapter, ComponentAdapter,

ContainerAdapter, DragSourceAdapter,
DropTargetAdapter, FocusAdapter, WindowAdapter, ..

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

46. AWT Robot!

« Used to simulate keyboard and mouse
programmatically.

«+ It places events in the native system
queues for the platform you are on (not
just the java queue).

« Used for recording and replaying activities
in regression testing and other uses.

47. Multithreading and Swing

Swing components always execute on a
single thread within your application. Not
the main thread of your application, either.
Swing components are NOT multithread
safe!

This is done for speed but influences how
you must design for them.

We can ignore this for protoyping Uls but
not for design of applications.

48. Swing Components

49. Sample dialog with a few controls.
MySampleOfSwingControlsl.java

50. JButton

Go

Toggle

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+--java.awt.Component

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| First Item |

+--java.awt.Container

|

+--javax.swing.JComponent

+--javax.swing.AbstractButton

+--javax.swing.JButton

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

51. JButton

Used for a command
Push and shows a state change visually (pliancy)
Has a name, label text,

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

52. Adding items to the List

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53. Add items to the model for the list

54. Changing the border of a list box

Cheesecake
French Fries

Turkey Burger
Falafelin Pita
New York Strip Steak:

55. A Titled Border for a List Box

ae E Turkey Burger
ES ramon

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56. List Box Selection Modes

m fc

oI

« Single

+ Multiple_Interval
« Single_Interval

57. Setting the Button group on a radio
button

58. Setting the Mnemonics

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59. Final Dialog Version

Order Burger

‘Burger Customization Dialog - Please select the attributes
and then press the Order Burger button

Tomato
Bacon

Rare
© Medium Rare

Order Burger

Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

60. JComboBox

+ Two styles in the app — a]
non-editable and editable
If you use the editable
type you should check the
input of the user to make
sure it is acceptable.
You can change the style
by changing the
editable property.

61. Creating a
JavaGUI -> SampleForms -> Application

E

62. Menu and Menu item hierarchy that
defines the menus for the app

63. The default menus

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Pogimaná Associates, Inc. (0) 2003

65. Copy and paste a menu into the
hierarchy

66. This shows 2 Edit menus

Document Edit View Help