Johann Pestalozzi

A presentation on Johann Pestalozzi

1. JohannHeinrich
Pestalozzi
-Dr. S.Prakash
Principal
Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
Madurai.
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2. Biography
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3. Biography…..
•Heinculcatedthevirtuesofcompassion,
sensitivityandgenerosityfromhismother
•Inturn,thesetraitsmadeanimpressiononhis
philosophyofeducation.
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4. Biography…..
•Pestalozzienteredand
completedmostofhis
studiesattheUniversity
ofZurich
•Beganasastudentfor
theMinistry,buthis
shynessledhimaway
fromtheologyintolaw
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5. After college…
•In 1775 he began a social
experiment in which he hoped to
make his newly purchased farm a
center of humanistic activity
•Took in a group of orphans and
abandoned children
•He used teaching methods that he
learned from experiences with his
son Jacobi
•The instruction he gave these
children were very successful
•Five years later he went bankrupt
and began to write
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6. Books
•Publishedhisfirstbook“Leonardand
Gertrude”in1782.
•Thisbecamemorefamousasanovelandnot
asatreatiseoneducation
•Generallypeopledidnotshowaninterest
towardshisplansofreformsintheeducation
system.
•Hepersistedinhiseffortsandlookedtowards
bringingaboutanawarenessoftheinherent
powersineachchildandman
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7. “How Gertrude Teaches Her Children”
•AbookwrittenbyPestalozzi
•Describeshisphilosophy:
-statedthatteachersmuststudychild
development
-learningproceedsthroughstages,with
childrenneedingtomasterskillsand
knowledgebeforemovingtothenext
stage
-promotedthe“wholechild”pointof
view-thatchildren’sphysical,
emotional,social,moralandintellectual
developmentareintegratedandunited
-calledthesethe“thehand,heartand
head”
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8. Aims of Education
•Alltruereformsmuststartwiththeindividual
andnotwithsociety,becauseitisthe
individualwhomustbedevelopedfirstfor
utilizingtheadvantagesofthereformed
institutions.
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9. Aims of Education…
•Inculcatingthepowerofhelpinghimselfinan
individualhelpstoreformtheindividual.
Philanthropyhowevershouldnotbe
consideredasagoodmeans,becauseitcould
robtheman’sselfrespect.Henceitis
importanttheindividualmustbetaughtto
helphimselfandtorespecthimself.
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10. Aims of Education….
•Theprocessofdevelopmentistheonlysure
meansofimprovingthelivingconditionsof
thedowntroddenhumanity.Everychildhas
therequisitepowertodevelophimself.But
thispowersarelatendedandtheymerely
awaitanopportunitytobedeveloped.
Educationmustfurnishthisopportunityof
development
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11. Method of Education
•Apersonshouldbeabletodevelophis
thoughtsinanyparticularareabasedonhis
ownexperienceandnotbyjustgoingbythe
descriptionofsuchexperienceasgivenby
others.
•Forinstance,toknowthemeaningoflove,the
personshouldhimselffeeltheemotionoflove
andalsopassonthisemotiontoothers.
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12. Curriculum
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13. Curriculum…..
•Ample opportunities should be provided to
the children to enable them to study their
own experience by relating incidents and
happenings in life.
•Curriculum was to be based on particular
activities and consequent experiences and not
based primarily on the textbooks only.
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14. Observation and Education
•Pestalozzibelievedthatinstructionshould
spontaneouslyfollowthethingsobservedfor
himselfbythechild.
•Instructionshouldbeinharmonywiththe
psychologicaldevelopmentofthechild
•Hedevisedauniquemethodtoteach
numbers,addition,subtractionand
multiplicationbyplacingdotsonlinesdrawn
onsquaresofaboard,
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15. Observation and Education….
•Thestudentsweretodrawlines,anglesand
rectanglesrepresentingvariousobjects.
•Thingslikesticksandpencilswereplaced
beforethemandtheyweretodrawlines
representingthem.
•Theyweretorepeatnamesofthethingstill
theymasterthemcompletely.
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16. Observation and Education….
•Pestalozzisaid“Asaresultofthese
experiments,thereunfoldeditselfgraduallyin
mymindtheideaofthepossibilityofan‘ABC’
ofobservation,towhichInowattachgreat
importance.
•Heemployedtheobservationalmethodsin
theteachingofallsubjects.
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17. Methodology
•METHODOLOGY . The following are the chief points of Pestalozzi's method:
a. Child Centered.
b. Direct Experience. The teacher must never teach by words when a child can
see, hear or touch an object for himself. Nature can teach the child better
than man can.
c. Activity. The child is expected to be continually active in seeing for himself,
making and correcting mistakes, describing his observations, analyzing
objects and satisfying his natural curiosity.
d. Induction. The child must observe, learn to express his impressions of
concrete objects perceived by the senses and must learn to formulate new
generalizations for himself.
e. No Books. Early elementary education needs direct and concrete experience
rather than books. In this way the child proceeds from the concrete to the
abstract.
f. Simplify All Subjects.All subjects are reduced to their simple elements. The
child proceeds, through experiencing the simple parts, to formulate more
abstract generalizations.
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18. Organization of Education
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19. Organization of Education
•Notimetableforprimaryclass
•Tenperiodsadayforlowerandupperclasses
•Resttimeprovidedattheendofeachperiod
•Childrenenjoyedsportsintheevening
•Hisconcernwastocreateahomely
atmosphereatschool.
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20. Role of the Teacher
•Childdevelopsinthesamewayasaplant
growsgraduallyfromwithin.Thetaskofthe
teacheristoaidthisnaturalgrowthandnotto
forceanythingunnaturalonthechild.
•Theteachershouldrealizethateverypersonis
bornwithcertaininnatecapacities.Education
shouldthereforefacilitatethedevelopmentof
thechildaccordingtohisinherentnature-
Physically,mentallyandsociallyina
harmoniusway.
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21. Role of the Teacher…..
•Homelyatmosphereistobeprovidedat
school.Theteachershouldinculcateloveand
sympatheticattitudeinordertoproperlydeal
withthechildren.
•Theteachershouldconsiderdevelopinglevels
ofthemindofthechildinordertoimpart
educationaccordingtotheneeds,interests
andrequirementsateachstage
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22. Evaluation
•Concreteobjectsshouldoccupytheprimary
placeintheinitialstagesoflearning.
•AVaidsshouldfollowconcreteexperiences
•Useofsensesinlearningisimportant
•Rotelearningwithoutunderstandingthe
contentistobeavoided
•Drillandpracticewithoutthestudentbeing
actuallyinterestedintheparticularactivityis
tobeavoided
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23. Manual Training Movement
•Pestalozziwhoisconsideredasthethe“
Fatherofmanualtraining”.Establisheda
schoolinEuropewheremanualworkwas
combinedwithgeneraleducation.
•In1879,Calvin.M.Woodwardfeltitisrequired
forproperintellectualandmoralEducation.
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24. Other important ideas of
Pestalozzi…
•Believedthatallchildren-includingthe
oneswholivedinpoverty-couldbenefit
fromeducation
•Childrenneedtodiscoverideasfor
themselvesthroughtheirownactivity
•Rejectedpunishmentasamotivatorandfelt
thatinsteadchildrenaremotivatedtolearn
bytheirinterests
•Vieweddevelopmentasanaturalunfoldingor
blossomingfrowithin,withteachersacting
asgardenerswhonurturetheprocessrather
thandirectit
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25. Impact of his work…
•Ideasdirectlyinfluencedschoolsfor
youngchildreninthe19
th
century
•Awell-knownschoolinfluencedby
PestalozziwasfoundedbyRobertOwen
•Thesuperintendentofschoolsin
Oswego,NewYork,Dr.EdwardA.
Sheldon,importedthematerials
developedinEnglandandCanadafrom
Pestalozzi.Thisledtothe
establishmentofateachernormal
schooltoprepareteachersinthe
applicationofPestalozzi'smethod.
TheNormalSchoolatOswego
(establishedin1861),becamethe
centerofPestalozzieducationinthe
UnitedStates.
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