Joints_aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaPPT.pptx

aaaa

1. Joints in Human Body A Physiotherapy Perspective

2. Introduction • Joints are connections between bones that allow movement and provide mechanical support. • Also called articulations. • Study of joints: Arthrology.

3. Classification of Joints 1. Fibrous Joints (Immovable) 2. Cartilaginous Joints (Partly movable) 3. Synovial Joints (Freely movable)

4. Fibrous Joints • No joint cavity. • Bones held by fibrous tissue. Examples: Sutures of the skull, Syndesmosis (radius-ulna).

5. Cartilaginous Joints • Bones connected by cartilage. • Two types: - Primary (Synchondrosis): Temporary, e.g., epiphyseal plates. - Secondary (Symphysis): Permanent, e.g., pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs.

6. Synovial Joints • Freely movable joints. • Have synovial cavity, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage. • Most common joint type in the body.

7. Types of Synovial Joints 1. Hinge (Elbow, knee) 2. Ball & Socket (Shoulder, hip) 3. Pivot (Atlas-axis) 4. Saddle (Thumb carpometacarpal) 5. Condyloid (Wrist) 6. Plane/Gliding (Intercarpal joints)

8. Relevance to Physiotherapy • Understanding joint mechanics is vital for rehabilitation. • Helps in diagnosis of movement disorders. • Basis for therapeutic exercises and mobilization techniques. • Prevents injuries and aids in recovery.

9. Clinical Examples • Osteoarthritis – degeneration of synovial joints. • Frozen shoulder – limited synovial mobility. • Ligament injuries – common in knee/ankle joints.

10. Summary • Joints connect bones and enable movement. • Classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. • Synovial joints are most important for physiotherapy. • Knowledge of joints aids in clinical assessment and treatment.

11. References • Tortora GJ, Derrickson B. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. • Kisner C, Colby LA. Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques. • Moore KL, Dalley AF. Clinically Oriented Anatomy.