JUDAISM-World Religion and Belief System

JUDAISM- WORLD RELIGION AND BELIEF SYSTEM

1. JUDAISM World Religion and Belief System

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson the learners should be able to: Identify the founder of Judaism and its history Know their sacred text, doctrines, and basic teachings. Determine Judaism festival as well as their issues.

3. Abraham and Moises: Founders of Judaism A Journey Through the Foundations of Judaism

4. Birth and Early Life : Abraham was born as Abram in Ur of Chaldeans, around 2000 BCE Covenant with God: Abraham is called by God to leave his homeland and journey to the land of Canaan Father of the Jewish People: God promises Abraham that his descendants will become a great nation. The Promise: God makes a covenant with Abraham, marking the beginning of the Jewish faith. Abraham

5. The Covenant: Abraham is promised the land of Canaan and many descendants. The Testing of Faith: The story of God’s test of Abraham’s faith by asking him to sacrifice his son Isaac. Abraham

6. Birth and Early Life: Moses was born in Egypt during a time of slavery for the Israelites. Escape to Midian: Moses flees Egypt after killing an Egyptian guard who was abusing a Hebrew slave. Divine Calling: God calls Moses through the burning bush and instructs him to free the Israelites from slavery. Moises

7. Moises Lawgiver: Moses gives the laws of God, making him the founder of Jewish legal and moral code. Leadership in the Wilderness: Moses led the Israelites for 40 years through the wilderness, guiding them spiritually and physically.

8. Why Abraham and Moses the founder of Judaism? Abrahams Role Mose’s Role Moral

9. History of Judaism Key Dates and Events in the Development of Judaism

10. Early History (1800 BCE - 1200 BCE) 1800 BCE: Abraham’s Covenant – God’s promise to Abraham, marking the beginning of Judaism. 1700 BCE : Isaac and Jacob – Continuation of Abraham’s covenant through Isaac and Jacob (Israel). 1300 BCE : Moses and the Exodus – Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt (Exodus), receives the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai.

11. Establishment of Israel (1200 BCE - 1000 BCE) 1200 BCE : Conquest of Canaan – The Israelites enter and begin settling in the Promised Land (Canaan). 1000 BCE : King David – Establishment of the Kingdom of Israel, Jerusalem as the capital. 960 BCE : King Solomon – Solomon builds the First Temple in Jerusalem.

12. The Divided Kingdom and Exiles (900 BCE - 586 BCE) 931 BCE : Divided Kingdom – After Solomon’s death, Israel splits into two kingdoms: Israel (North) and Judah (South). 722 BCE : Assyrian Exile – The Kingdom of Israel falls to the Assyrians. 586 BCE : Babylonian Exile – The Kingdom of Judah falls to the Babylonians, and the First Temple is destroyed.

13. The Return to Jerusalem and the Second Temple (538 BCE - 70 CE) 538 BCE : Return from Babylonian Exile – King Cyrus of Persia allows the Jews to return to Jerusalem. 516 BCE : Second Temple – Reconstruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. 70 CE : Destruction of the Second Temple – The Romans destroy the Second Temple, leading to the Jewish Diaspora.

14. The Jewish Diaspora (70 CE - 1948 CE) 135 CE : Bar Kokhba Revolt – A failed revolt against the Romans results in the further dispersion of Jews. Middle Ages : Jews in Exile – Jews live in various regions across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. 1492 CE : Expulsion from Spain – Jews are expelled from Spain during the Spanish Inquisition. 19th Century : Rise of Zionism – The movement for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

15. The Birth of the Modern State of Israel (1948 CE - Present) 1948 CE : Establishment of the State of Israel – The modern state of Israel is established following the end of British rule in Palestine. Present Day : Judaism Today – The global Jewish population and the importance of Israel as the Jewish homeland.

16. Sources of Basic Teachings and Doctrine of Judaism Sacred Text of Judaism

17. Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh is not just a compilation of books but also a collection of historical narratives, myths, poems, laws, genealogies, sayings, love songs, prophecies, and prayers. The Hebrew Bible is divided into three major sections: the Torah , which is composed of the first five books (Pentateuch) and the most authoritative among the three: the Nevi’im , or the Prophetic Books; and the Ketuvim , or the Writings. Often parallels the Christian “Old Testament” but arranged differently.

18. The Torah Consist of the following books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy . The book of Genesis tells about the creation story, the origin of sin the account of Adam and Eve , and the story of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph.

19. The Prophetic Book Feature stories and narratives on the plight, sufferings, exploitation, and other encounters of the Jews under the hands of their conquerors. The book contain the teaching and preaching of prophets such as Amos, Joshua , Isaiah , Ezekiel , Jeremiah , Jonah , Habbakkuk , and Micah .

20. The Sacred Writings Is the storehouse of literarcy genres such as poetry and metaphors . It includes the book of Psalms which contains prayers full of emotions .

21. The Mishnah A compilation of the Rabbis teachings of the Torah that were collated in 200 ce . It records teachings, insights, and ideas on how to live according to the Torah. It contains many teachings that deal with the various aspects of Jewish life. It contains two important documents: the halakhah and the aggadah . Halakhah deals with judicial matters while the Aggadah contains story, moral teachings, and theological discussions .

22. The Talmud A collection of rabbinic teachings that provide deep insights into the life of Jewish people following the Torah. Mishnah and Gemarah were incorporated in it. Neusner defined Talmud as “a sustained, systematic amplification and analysis of passages of the Mishnah and other teachings alongside the Mishnah.”

23. The Midrash Refers to the rabbis interpretation of the Torah. Ancient rabbis used this to draw meanings from the Torah and apply them in real-life situations. The collection of interpretation or investigation are called Midrashim. This source contains many stories used for sermons in the synagogues .

24. Doctrines of Judaism The basic dogmas of Judaism

25. DOCTRINES OF JUDAISM 1. The belief in God’s existence 2. The belief in His unity 3.The belief in his incorporeality 4. The belief that He is approachable through prayer 5.The belief in his timelessness 6.The belief in prophecy 7. The belief in the superiority of Moses to all other prophets. 8.The belief in the revelation of the Law, and that the Law as contained in the Pentateuch is that revealed by Moses . 9.The belief in the immutability of the Law. 10.The belief in Divine providence 11. The belief in the coming of the Messiah 12 The belief in the resurrection and human immortality.

26. Morality in Judaism Basic Teachings

27. Morality in Judaism 1. Belief in One God- Judaism teaches the belief in one, all powerful, eternal, and compassionate God. God is the creator and ruler of the universe, and His will is revealed through Torah. Central prayer: Shema Yisreal (“Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is One”).

28. Morality in Judaism 2. The Covenant- the relationship between God and the Jewish people is based on a sacred covenant. This covenant obligates Jews to follow God’s commandments in exchange for His protection and blessings.

29. Morality in Judaism 3. The Torah and Commandments- the torah is the central sacred text , containing laws, teachings, and stories that guide Jewish life. Jews expected to follow 13 mitzvot (commandments) , which govern ethical, religious, and social behaviour .

30. Morality in Judaism 4. Worship and Prayer- prayer is the central to Jewish life and is a way to connect with God. Jews observe Sabbath (Shabbat), a day of rest and worship , and celebrate festivals and holy days.

31. Morality in Judaism 5. The Messiah and Redemption- Judaism teaches the belief in a future Messiah who will bring peace and justice to the world. This includes hope for the ultimate redemption and a better future for humanity

32. Issues of Judaism Today Judaism and Ecological Crisis- There are plenty of organizations and advocacies in the world that try to respond to the problems caused by climate change and Global warming. The Jews have recently tied to find connection between ecology and their tradition, calling the attention to do new Midrash or interpretation of the Torah .

33. Issues of Judaism Today Peace in Jewish Worldview- The Jews see peace as the highest good. They condemn revenge and aggression. They are a people who see peace as a desirable because it is what God desires or wills for them. Many ask why the Jews are often persecuted. The simple answer is love and peace.

34. QUESTION AND ANSWER PORTION

35. 1.When can you say you are at peace?

36. 2.In one word, how would you describe Judaism?

37. 3.What do you think is the value of prayer?

38. 4.How does your belief in God affect your conduct toward other people?

39. 5.Do you think we can have an idea of what is good or bad, right or wrong without reference to God?

40. Thank so much for listening guys!