Karl Marx's Alienation Theory

This presentation provides the definition of the term alienation, the four (4) types of alienation, the historical background of the 19th century and economic forces that may promoted the development of Marx Alienation Theory.
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1. Karl Marx’s Alienation

2. Alienation A Philosophical Term adopted by Marx from Hegel.

3. Alienation I n social sciences, the state of feeling estranged or separated from one’s milieu, work, products of work, or self.  

4. Alienation I n social sciences, the state of feeling estranged or separated from one’s milieu , work , products of work , or self.  

5. 4 Types of alienation Alienation of the worker from their product Alienation of the worker from the act of production Alienation of the worker from their species-essence Alienation of the worker from other workers

6. Alienation of the worker from their product The design and development of a production rest not in the hands of a worker but within the decisions of the capitalists. A worker does not have control over what he or she intends to produce or the specifications of his or her product.

7. Alienation of the worker from the act of production The production of goods and services within a capitalist society is repetitive and mechanical that offers little to no psychological satisfaction to the worker. Labor seems coerced because a worker undertakes this as a means of survival.

8. Alienation of the worker from their species-essence The species-essence or “ Gattungswesen ” of an individual comprises all of his or her innate potentials. Under a capitalist mode of production, an individual losses identity and the opportunity for self-development as he or she is forced to sell his or her labor-power as a market commodity.

9. Alienation of the worker from other workers The reduction of labor to a mere market commodity creates the so-called labor market in which a worker competes against another worker. Labor is traded in a competitive labor market instead of considering it as a constructive socioeconomic activity characterized by collective common effort.

10. Historical forces behind the alienation theory 7 Main Historical Events of the 19 th Century: Napoleonic War (1802-1815) The US expands with the Louisiana Purchase (1803) Slavery abolished in the West (1807-1888 ) The Opium Wars and fall of the Qing Dynasty (1839-1860 ) Widespread European Revolution (1848) Japan opens its borders (1854)  Asiatic Flu wipes out one million people globally (1889-1890)

11. Economic forces behind the alienation theory *The rise of Capitalism *The Industrial Revolution

12. Conclusion From the perspective of Karl Marx and within the context of capitalism, alienation is the surrender of control and the separation of an essential aspect of the self. A society based on a capitalist economic system promotes norms and standards that reduces an individual worker to a mere commodity or instrument of production who lacks control over his or her vocation. Simply put. for Marx and his adherents, capitalism involves the objectification and commodification of the experiences and activities of workers.