KARONGI INCEPTION PPT FINAL- Dr Ange Felix NSANZIYERRA

Land use planning is the process of regulating the use of land by a central authority. Usually, this is done to promote more desirable social and environmental outcomes as well as a more efficient use of resources.

1. The evergreen fluid city Study for developing KARONGI DIST RICT LAND - USE PLAN

2. KARONGI DISTRICT LAND - USE PLAN Inception Report

3. 01 I n t r oduction

4. Description of Karongi District Karongi land use plan _ inception report 22

5. C This document remains the property of Nationa land Authority , NLA No reproduction is allowed KARONGI DISTRICT The evergreen fluid city

6. Karongi District has 13 sectors, 88 cells and 538 villages The district may be subdivided into 3 sub-regions: (1) region alongside Lake Kivu (Rubengera, Bwishyura, Mubuga and Gishyita sectors); (2) region having essentially acidic soil (Rugabano, Murundi, Mu r ambi, Gashar i and Ru g ando sectors); (3) region of high slopes (Twumba, Mutuntu, Rwankuba and Gitesi sectors). Karongi District land size is 993 km2 for a population of 373,869 increasing at nearly 2.3% per annum. Its current density of 482 inhabitants / km2 (NISR, PHC5, 2022) will increase up to 911 inhabitants per km2 in 2050 at the growth rate of 2.3%. The land at risk of Karongi District is estimated to 34,525 ha (44%) in the total land of 79,298 ha (MoE, 2020) . Only 9% of the population is in urban area. 1.3.1. Geographical location Karongi District is one of the 7 districts that make up the Western Province. Karongi District borders Rutsiro and Ngororero Districts in the north, Southern Province in the east, Ruhango and Muhanga districts, and Nyamagabe District in the south. In the southwest is Nyamasheke District, in the west is Lake Kivu and it borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo (RDC). Kayo n za Nyaga t are Kirehe Buge s era Ngoma Karongi Bure r a G a k enke Ruhango Gicumbi Gatsibo Rul i n d o Rutsiro Ngororero Musanze Rubavu Nyabihu o Gasabo Muhanga Kam N o y n a y r i uge K n i g cu e kir Rwamagana KARONGI NYAMAGABE NYAMASHEKE RUTSIRO NGORORERO RUHA N G O N Y A N Z A Gi s h y it a Gi t e s i T w u m b a M ub u g a Bwishyura Murundi Rubengera Mutuntu Rugabano Ga sh a ri Rwankuba Ruganda Murambi M U H A N M UH A Rusizi Karongi Rutsiro Nyamasheke Ngorore r o Nyabihu Rubavu Legend KARONGI_WATER_BODY Sectors Boundaries Legend Lakes KA R O N G I _ D IS TR I C T Districts Legend KARONGI_DISTRICT W e s t e r n_ D i s t r i c t s Lakes F F F 3 6 9 1 2 3 1.5 Kilometers 0 5 10 20 30 40 K il om et e r s Nyanza Nyamasheke Nyamagabe Huye Rusizi G i s agara Nyaruguru 10 20 40 60 80 Kilometers Karongi land use plan _ inception report Map 01. Karongi District Location map 373,869 Population 538 Villages 88 Cells 13 Sec t o r s 993km 2 AREA 482 /km 2 Density

7. Hydrology Watercourses and their catchment areas Karongi District has a very dense hydrographic network made up of several watercourses The watercourses located west of the District flow into Lake Kivu while those draining the waters from the basins eastern slopes feed the Nyabarongo. The latter is one of the polluted rivers by the eroded soil on the steep watersheds cultivated without measures of appropriate protection. Most of the watercourses cross small marshes which are also silted up during the rainy season. Th e superposition o f the h y d r ologi c al and topographic map makes it possible to locate and name the main rivers and their tributaries as summarized in the table below. Soil and erosion The available soil is fertile along the region around lake Kivu and Nyungwe forest, but more acidic along few sectors (Ruganda, Gashali, Murambi, Murundi and Rugabano Sectors). Karongi district is characterized by the high lands area with steep features and has an altitude varying between 1470 to 2200 meters. On one hand, the topographical characteristics allow the district to be faced with soil erosion. The various land uses decrease forest area accentuate the land slide phenomena, bring heavy siltation downstream, and flood in some cases. Human and property losses associated with the storm water, erosion for the 2022 year has been dramatic where 8 people KAR O NGI N Y AM A GABE NYAMASHEKE RUH A NGO N Y AN Z A MUH A NGA Gi s h y i t a Gitesi T w u m b a M ub u g a B wi sh y u ra M u r u nd i R u be n ge r a M u t un t u R u ga b an o G a s h a ri R w a n ku b a R u ga n d a Nyabarongo M u s o g o ro Murambi Mashyiga Nyabahanga M un za ng a Muregeya K i r i m b i 2,8505,700 11,400 Meters Legend Karongi_rivers KAR O NGI_ W A TER _ BO D Y KARONGI_WETLAND Sector_boundaries Table 02 : Status of disasters in Karongi District from 2016 to 2022 Houses Death Injured Dam- aged Karongi land use plan _ inception report C r o p s Da m- aged F o r e s t Dam- aged Live- Class- st ock r ooms Health Ce n t r e R oads Chu r c h- es Brid g - es Admin Build- ings W at e r Electric Supply Lines (Ha) (Ha) 2016 11 8 76 26 - 45 12 2 1 2017 7 6 82 521 - 8 11 1 2018 32 14 663 1059.3 - 29 5 2 2019 8 10 57 54 - 3 11 5 2 6 1 2020 16 15 99 53 25 35 2 9 1 1 2021 7 9 35 0.07 8 10 21 8 1 1 2 2022 8 17 260 85.5 7 1 22 1 2 1 1 Source: Source: Data compiled from MINEMA, Disaster Response and Recovery unit (2016- 2022) Map 02. Karongi waterbodies and wetlands

8. Map 03 . Existing type of soil Karongi land use plan _ inception report

9. Map 04 . Erosion and Landslide Risk Map Karongi land use plan _ inception report

10. Map 05. Natural hazards risks map Karongi land use plan _ inception report

11. lost their lives , 17 injured while 260 households have been destroyed by erosion and li=and slides , 85.5 ha of crops have been flooded by land slides, 7 hectares of forest have been damaged by land slides and 22 classrooms destroyed. The Districy is also exposed to other natural disasters including fire, floods, hailstorm, house collapse, lightning, mine disaster, rainstorms & windstorm, due to its topography with high mountains and steep slopes. Table 02 illustrates the status of disasters in Karongi District from 2016 to 2022. Overall, each year, Karongi district has encountered 7 to 32 deaths and 7 to 16 injuries. Many properties and utilities including houses, farming land, livestock, classrooms, health centre, roads, churches, bridges, admin buildings, water supply and electrical lines. The land use master plan under preparation will propose the required land use proposals to reduce the disasters in the district. T opography Karongi District is characterized by the high lands area with steep features and has an altitude varying between 1470 to 2200 metres. These high and steep mountains are highly susceptible to erosion and landslide. On one hand, the topographic characteristics allow the district to be faced with soil erosion; and on the other hand, the proper usage of the existing topography may limit the erosion and landslides phenomena. Hence a proper planning of the land use may lead to the proper exploitation of the District land. KARONGI NYAMAGABE NYAMASHEKE RU TSI R O NGORORERO RUHANGO M U H AN M U H AN Gishyita Gitesi T w u m b a M ub u ga Bwishyura M uru n di Rubengera M utu n tu Rugabano Gas h ari Rwankuba Ruganda M uram b i NR 14 N R 7 N R 1 1 N R 12 N R 15 D R 15 D R 16 D R 1 3 D R 1 D R 1 7 D R 14 DR 21 N y a b ar o ngo M u s og o ro Mashyiga N y a b ah a n g a M unz a nga M ur e g e ya K i r i mbi LEGEND KARONGI_BIG_RIVERS KARON G I _ W A T ER_B O DY Sector_boundaries M a i n _ ro a d s _K a ro n gi TOPOGRAPHY Value High : 261 Low : Karongi land use plan _ inception report Map 06. Karongi Topography

12. Climate and Rainfall Karongi enjoys an equatorial climate. The average annual temperatures range between 16 and 18°C, but can reach 30 °C on hot day hours and (Figure 1) and 12 °C during cold nights. The rainfall is minimum close to zero in the dry season (June to early September) and can reach 200 mm in the rainy period (November/December and March/April). Annually, the rainfall varies around 1500 mm to 2500 mm. As shown in Figure 1, the rainfall has been decreasing over time (from 1979 to 2021). The opposite trend has been observed for the temperature (Figure 2). This is attributed to the climate change effect. The land use master plan under preparation will propose the required actions for the climate change adaptation and resilience. Year mean [°C] anomaly stripes Mean yearly temperature, trend and anomaly, 1979-2023. Karongi 1.88°S, 29.31°E. 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 16 17 18 19 meteoblue.com Figure 01. Variation of temperature from 1979 to 2021 (Available at http s://ww w.me teoblue.com/en/climate-change/ karongi_rwanda_6997973) Mean yearly precipitation, trend and anomaly, 1979-2023. Karongi 1.88°S, 29.31°E. Karongi land use plan _ inception report mean [mm] anomaly stripes 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1500 2000 2500 3000 Figure 02. Year Variation of annual rainfall from 1979 to 2021 ( Available at http s://ww w.me teoblue.com/en/climate- change/karongi_rwanda_6997973 )

13. K arong i lan d us e pla n _ inc e p tio n report 30 Fauna and flora

14. Photo1 : Landslides Karongi land use plan _ inception report Photo2 : Kivu lake Biodiversity The biodiversity in Karongi district is dominated by agricultural farming, natural forest plantations, livestock, birds, and other biodiversity found on land and in the Lake Kivu. The agricultural farming is dominated by coffee, tea, macadamia, maize, sorghum, beans, soya beans, peas, irish potatoes, bananas, cassava, wheat, vegetables and fruit trees. Livestock in Karongi comprises animals such as cows, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. In terms of forestry, Karongi district has a forest cover of 23,915ha (30.2% of its total land) of which 22,719 hectares are forest plantations and 1,070 hectares are natural forests (mainly Mukura natural forest). As the rest of the Lake Kivu, Karongi lake water is of a great poverty in terms of fauna, but the largest source of fish in Rwanda. According to the various authors, it is considered that up to 26 fish species classified into 4 families (Cichlidae, Claridae and Cyprinidae, Clupeidae) . Lake Kivu islands in Karongi district has a lot of biodiversity divided into 6 groups: birds, vascular plants, invertebrates, mammals, reptiles and amphibians: 80 bird species, 142 plants, 52 invertebrates, 6 mammals, 6 reptiles and 5 species of amphibians. Nyamunini Island is the most diverse, followed respectively by Mukondwe and Shegesha. The master plan under preparation will consider the above characteristics of the biodiversity in Karongo district. It is worth noting that invasive species mainly Lantana camara and Caesalpinia decapetala are very common to the islands Table 03 : Dominant tree species in Karongi district No. Tree Species Shrub Species Herb Species 1. Acacia mearnsii Clerodendrum rotundifolium Ageratum conyzoides 2. Acacia melanoxylon Coffea arabica Bidens pilosa 3. Alnus glutinosa Dracaena afromontana Conyza sumatrensis 4. Casuarina equisetifolia Lantana camara Crassocephalum vitellinum 5. Eucalyptus sp Manihot esculenta Cyperus latifolius 6. Euphorbia tirucalli Manihot glaziovii Digitaria abyssinica 7. Erythrina abyssinica Ricinus communis Hyparrhenia sp 8. Ficuss sp. Tithonia diversifolia Lactuca sp 9. Grevillea robusta Tetradenia riparia Leonotis nepaetifolia 10. Jacaranda mimosifolia Vernonia amygdalina Mikania cordata 11. Leucena leucocephala Musa sp 12. Melia azedarach Ocimum sp 13. Macadamia tetraphylla Oryza sativum 14. Mangifera indica Pennisetum purpureum 15. Persea americana Phytolacca dodecandra 16. Pinus patula Spermacoce princae 17. Psidium guajava Tagetes minuta 18. Rhus longipes

15. Karongi land use plan _ inception report mentioned above and are considered the main threat to island species. Lantana camara is progressively becoming a serious threat to vegetation as they cover very large parts of the islands like Mukondwe, Shegesha and Mbabara islands while Caesalpinia decapetala is now spreading at Mbarara island. This master plan will also consider the ecological restoration of the islands. Forestry According to the Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping (2019), Karongi district has a forest cover of 23,915ha (30.2% of its total land) of which 22,719 hectares are forest plantations and 1,070 hectares are natural forests (mainly Mukura natural forest) located in Twumba sector. The existing forest cover reflects the balance between the afforestation and deforestation. From 2009 to 2019, the Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping (2019) recorded a deforestation rate of 3,554 ha (16.9%) and an afforestation of 5,677 ha (27%). The highest forested sectors are Twumba with 4,242ha (43%), Rwankuba with 2,574ha (37%), Rugabano with 2,506ha (31%) and Ruganda with 2,339ha (38%). The least forest sector is Mubuga with 774ha (17% of the sector land). The forest density map (Map 12) shows that many forests in Bwishyura, Twumba, Mubuga, Nyarusange, and Ruganda are degraded and need a reforestation program to improve the productivity. Thus, it is recommended that Karongi district forest management plan (DFMP) prioritize the reforestation activities in these sectors while planning for afforestation in Mubuga sector. In terms of the size of forest plantations in Karongi District, 71% of forest plantations have largescale plantations of greater than 2 ha per plot with the highest large area forests found in Twumba 2,172 ha, followed by Rwankuba (2,008 ha), Ruganda (1,841 ha) and Rugabano (1,839 ha). It is important for Karongi district to increase the forest density in sectors with low density. Reducing permits issued for Charcoal production in the least and degraded sectors could be a strategy to enable existing eucalyptus plantations increase their productivity. In terms of forest cover change the Forest Cover Mapping (2019) has shown that the high rate of afforestation is observed in Mutuntu (58.7%), Rubengera (42.9%), and Rugabano (42.1%). In other sectors also, the afforestation surpassed far thedeforestation duringthelastdecadefrom 2009. The overall trend is positive with a 12% increase in forest cover for the past ten years which is about 1.2% of forest gain every year in Karongi district. W e tlands Karongi district has many wetlands, which are all cultivated. According to the Prime Minister Order No 006/03 of 30/01/2017, some can be used without specific conditions, other under specific conditions (Table 4) . None of them is listed under protected wetland, despite that Nyabarongo was proposed as a RAMSAR Site.

16. Karongi land use plan _ inception report

17. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Very steep slopes hard for housing and infra structure

18. Karongi land use plan _ inception report DENSITY MAP

19. Karongi land use plan _ inception report

20. Karongi SWOT analysis Figure 03 : SWOT assessment Karongi land use plan _ inception report The Vision of Karongi District is “ Towards Socio- economic model district and trade hub of Western Province ”. This vision will be achieved through increasing sustainable investments both public and private in key intervention areas of Tourism, Agriculture, Trade and improving livelihood of the population of Karongi District (DDS, 2018 – 2024). In the context of Karongi District land use master plan, the main potentialities to be developed as catalytic projects in the DLUP implementation are the tourism (MINICOM, 2013), cash crop and trade especially the cross-border business, in respect with the environment protection. Therefore, the Karongi DLUP Vision may be defined as “Karongi cash crop development, lakeshore tourism (ecotourism) and cross border trade for sustainable green society”. To understand the district image, different stakeholders have been enganged through a series of workshops and mapping exercises where the issues have been grouped around three main themes, namely main potentialities, main issues and expectations from the project study (table 04). The consultation concerned different key stakeholders at District, sector and cell level. Uniqueness Cash crop: tea, coffee, macadamia, horticulture (pineapple, vegetables) Tourism and Eco-tourism: lakeshore of Kivu, islands, mountainous summits (climbing sport…), NNP Cross border business development (pork, goat…) Strategic location (middle of Kivu Belt Road, between Rusizi and Rubavu Districts, Kigali- Muhanga-Karongi road)

21. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Stakeholders consulted The preliminary findings through different consultations including the introduction of the consultant team to the district authority by the NLA team , consultations with every sector ,cell and some villages have been carried out to better understand prliminary finds and draw out the visioning of the district land use master plan . Consultantions also included the private sector federation , NGOs and local cooperatives. The tables below summarizes the preliminary findings observed, together with attendance lists and photographs. Table 04 : Summarized findings from site visit Potentialities Challenges Expectations 1. Mayor (on 23rd February 2023) - Tourism - Previous master plans that did not consider actual - Affordable and District oriented Land Use Masterplan - Agriculture reality of the district - Manpower 2. President of District Council (on 23rd February 2023) - Tourism - Unexploited landscapes and resources - Construction of a asphalt road alongside Lake Kivu - Agriculture between Kivu Belt Road and Lake Kivu, and transversal roads between the 2 roads 3. Vice Mayor Economic Affairs (on 22nd February 2023) - Tourism - Unexploited buffer zone - Proper planning of residential sites, not on arable land - Agriculture - Topography of the District - People developing buildings on arable land 4. Vice Mayor Social Affairs (on 02nd March 2023) - Tourism: Lake Kivu, islands, high mountains… - Landslides - Formal settlements - Master Plan of Water for 25 years - Few roads - Zoning of agricultural lands - All health centres have WSS - Acidic soil - Cross border market (especially cattle: pork) - Settlement in high risk - Cattle, goat, fish - High slopes - Tea, coffee, maize… - Health facilities to be rehabilitated - Maize processing - Fertile soil alongside Lake Kivu - 3 Tea Factories - Mining and quarries - Possible micro hydropower - NNK 5. E/S of the District (on 02nd March 2023)

22. Karongi land use plan _ inception report - Tourism: Rubengera, Bwishyura, Mubuga and Gishyita Need of affordable hotels Meeting rooms Islands not exploited in tourism No camping sites on the summits of mountains Stadium Meeting rooms in some hotels Asphalt road alongside Lake Kivu and transversal road linking this road and Kivu Belt All hotels with access to Lake Kivu Tourism with recreative activities on Lake Kivu To decrease Lake Kivu Buffer Zone for the tourism activities Extension of Mubuga to the Karongi City (Bwishyura and Rubengera) Aerodrome in Mataraba in Rubengera Zoos to be installed Other crop to support tea crop Grass land (Twumba, Murambi, Gashari, Murundi): to be identified Marshland of Bwishyura: industry zone 6. PSF (on 02nd March 2023) - Cross border market: pork, goat… - Informal settlement - Awareness of the population (DLUP) - Vegetables - High growth rate of the population with a low - Typology of dwelling (vertical settlement) in non- - Lake transport purchasing power - Big economic operators migrating to other cities: CoK… fertile zone Zoning of the agricultural zone (agriculture &livestock) Intensification of vegetable production 7. JADF (on 02nd March 2023) - Tourism - Informal settlement - Soil protection - Lake Kivu High mountains with steep slopes Landslides and erosion caused by heavy rain A few radical terraces Except alongside Lake Kivu, no high land value Migration of Big operators to CoK Physical plan, but affordability of the poor Training of use of District Land Use Master Plans 8. BDEU (on 02nd March 2023) - Jobs: Agriculture & livestock, TVETs, markets - Insufficient sources of employment - Increasing works and employments basing on agriculture and livestock 9. BDEU (on 02nd March 2023) - Tourism: Lake Kivu, high mountains, Urutare rwa Ndaba… - Affordability of the community - Improve undeveloped touristic sites like Urutare rwa - Bas tax: - Low own revenue. E.g. financial year 2021/2022: taxes Ndaba Tourism Trade: markets, cattle Quarries Transport: parking for motos, boats, vehicles of 1.2. bn Rwf (Karongi) over 24 bn (National level) - Exploits more tourism and lake Kivu

23. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Sectors specific needs and challenges Sectors located in a Region alongside Kivu Lake Potentialities Challenges Expectations 1. Rubengera (0n 07th March 2023) - Mataba, Ruragwe and - The available arable land is also a - Remove informal settlements Kiribirizi have an good choice for accommodations. in Gakomeye Village, Gacaca Cell outstanding, productive - Land price is very high compared to - Residential sites to be developed a arable land the neighboring sectors nd upgraded: - The main crops cultivated are - People migration to Kigali and * Cyoya site in Mataba Cell banana, beans and maize. Muhanga due to lack of * Gasharu Site in Gacaca Cell - Touristic Sites (Ibigabiro bya infrastructure * Nyagahinga Site in Ruragwe Cell Rwabugiri & Urutare rwa Ndaba) - Amaninda (Undergroud water * Kagarama Site in Kibirizi Cell - Touches Kivu Lake at sources) Mataba Cell - Airport is being established in Mataba Cell 2. Bwishyura (on 01st March 2023) - Tourism ,- Lake Kivu - Few roads - Affordable masterplan - 17 Hotels - Informal settlement - Provision of free land for infrastructure - Trade,- Cross border market - Master Plan: 10 years without change - Making the islands lively and useful - Fishing - Too expensive purchasing power - Reducing 50m buffer zone - 3 marshlands - Storm water from steep slopes - Methane gas - High density - Kivu Watts - Landslides - 17 islands - Too large buffer zone of Lake Kivu - Each cell has a residential site - The city is located within a valley 3. Mubuga (on 01st March 2023)

24. 16 km to Bwishyura sector TVET ongoing Kivu Belt Road 4 coffee washing stations Cash crop: coffee, macadamia Bio coffee washing station (to be constructed) Tourism, - Lake Kivu,- 4 hotels ongoing 3 Gas Stations Playground with possibility of extension High density Cash crops are undertaking agricultural land Unexploited buffer zone Lack of recreational areas Remove informal settlements in Gakomeye Village, Gacaca Cell Residential sites to be developed and upgraded: Cyoya site in Mataba Cell Gasharu Site in Gacaca Cell Nyagahinga Site in Ruragwe Cell Kagarama Site in Kibirizi Cell 4. Gishyita (on 03rd March 2023) Hotels Islands Cross border trade Agriculture: coffee, banana, maize, sweet potato, beans, cassava Road network Playground & recreative infrastructure Cemetery Pork of Giseke No public toilets at Bus stop Wild animals (monkey) destroying crop DLUP based to the Karongi reality - Irrigation with gravitational water - Tourism: electicity and water accessing to touristic areas (open spaces) Lake Kivu Buffer zone of 50 meters: comestible fruits tree Electricity / Nursery: Buhoro Cell / Ruhunde Village - Ruhanga Site / Mwumvero Site (Ngoma) Crop Dryer Sectors located in a Region having essentially acidic soil Potentialities Challenges Expectations Karongi land use plan _ inception report 1. Rugabano (0n 28th February 2023)

25. Karongi land use plan _ inception report - Many feeder roads - No forests - A market - Tea plantation - Insufficient electricity - Public transport establishment Rugabano Tea Company IDP Model village Rugabano Coffee plantation Cattle market Crete Congo Nil Tourism: Rwabisuka site Destructed bridges by heavy rainfall Rufungo and Mubuga Cells have no schools Minerals are not exploited formally - Develop Rwabisuko Hill into a touristic site 2. Murundi (on 07th March 2023) - Main subsistence crops include cassava, Maize - Lack of recreational areas - ECDs. Secondary and TVET Schools are needed and beans. - Lack of residential sites in Bukiro Cell - Agakiriro - Landscape is not to hilly compared to others - Acidic soil - Bridges connecting villages are highly needed 3. Murambi (on 02nd March 2023) - Agriculture: cassava, bananas - Bad conditions of roads - Cassava & banana to be developed - Livestock: pork, - 90% of population in agriculture sector; few - Proposal: veterinary medicine, prok meat trade - Big market on the side of Ruhango and feeder roads - Suitable for a Town Nyamagabe Districts Low slopes Kirinda Hospital Nyabarongo River: 2 tributaries (Mwogo & Mbirurume rivers) → tourism - No transport agency - Road network inter sectors and toward District Office Head Quarter 4. Gashari (on 06th March 2023)

26. Karongi land use plan _ inception report - Strategic location (Bordered to 9 other Sectors - Natural minerals that are not exploited formally - Develop Udukiriro in the region of Karongi District and to four Districts, Ngororero, - Available transit Center is no longer sufficient - Bridges especially foot bridges Ruhango, Nyamagabe and Nyamasheke) - Waste collection areas are not established - Bamboo plantations near the rivers because they - Developed Birambo Center, surrounded by - Banana hardly grow grow well Kabakobw aand Mashyiga Rivers. Artificial forests dominated by Eucalyptus and Pinus trees Natural minerals Suitable for highway road Tea plantation in Musasa and Birambo Cells Uburiri bwa Ruganzu Touristic site Musasa Village is suitable for residential site Transit Center in Tongati Cell, Mwendo Village Livestock dominated by goats. cows, sheep, rabbits, chicken and dendo are also available - Less interest in apiculture Roads that connect villages A road that connects Karongi and Ruhango Districts Upgrade and expand the available Transit Center A Cemetery is needed 5. Ruganda (on 06th March 2023) - Hilly landscape - Wasted agricultural production due to lack of - Develop forest - Pure water distribution is ongoing transportation means to neighboring markets - Use available rivers for irrigation - High agricultural production of cassava, beans, - Lack of butcheries - Increased number of classrooms within the maize, banana - Insufficient electricity available schools - Pigs are available at a high number - Lack of proper roads - Recreational areas are highly needed - Natural Minerals (Coltan& Gold) - No access to mobile phone network in Nyabikeri, - Agakiriro is highly needed - Touristic sites notably ( Ku Kibuguzo cya Ruganzu, Rugobagoba, and Biguhu Cells - A factory that possesses banana products Budiridiri and Mbirurume River) A TVET school planned to be built in Rubona Sector IDP Model Village - Available soil is more acidic, hence fertilizers are highly needed. - Milk collection points Sectors located in a Region of High slopes Potentialities Challenges Expectations

27. Karongi land use plan _ inception report 1. Twumba (0n 07th March 2023) - Gakuta, Gisovu and Rushishi markets - Gisovu market is not sheltered - A new market is needed as the production is very - Touches Nyungwe forest at Gisovu and Gakuta - Livestock is not developed high Cells - Increasing deforestation to plant cash crops - Develop a recreational area - Potatoes, beans and peas crops especially Tea - Tea and coffee cash crops - Lack of proper roads - Gisovu Tea Factory and headquarter of tea - Electricity is still at 13% planters cooperatives - Landslides in Rutabi Cell - 95% of households have at least a domestic animal - RAB Center that prepares potatoes seeds - Congo-Nile Trail - Mining in Gakuta, Rutabi, Kavumu and Gisovu cells - Pure water distribution is ongoing 2. Mutuntu (on 06th March 2023) - Maize, beans, tea and potatoes crops - High scattered houses -• Establish a public transport facility - High slopes landscape - cold and rainy climate Roads and bridges - Residential site built for Genocide survivors, and - Few infrastructures compared to other sectors Electricity an IDP Model Village - Transport Slaughterhouse - Touches Nyungwe forest, in Kiyonzwe and - Only Byogo Cell have electricity among 7 cells of Kanyege cells, and borders to Nyamagabe District the sector - Many waters source - Insufficient Veterinary pharmacies - Mukungu Hydro-power plant - Insufficient animal foods - Livestock, dominated by pigs. Cows, goats, sheep, - No touristic sites. Few people come to Nyungwe chicken and rabbits are also available Forest - Contribute (more than 400 pigs weekly) to the - Low internet accessibility cross-border market - Unsheltered markets - Apiculture - Only two health posts works among four available posts 3. Rwankuba (on 03rd March 2023)

28. Observation of Kivu Lake, Idjwi Island, DRC, Muhanga and Gisenyi District, standing in the sector Bisesere Genocide Memorial neighbors the sector Tea plantation Divided between hot and cold climate areas Congo-Nile Crest Good natural landscape Gitake natural forest Strong winds on Mont Karongi Minerals Karongi land use plan _ inception report Lack unproper roads Landslides More acidic soil hence fertilizers are needed Strong winds on Mont Karongi Thunders No cemetery Tourism development High hills sports Considering not only topography but also soil type while establishing residential sites A factory that processes eucalyptus leaves A TVET school A hospital 4. Gitesi (on 01st March 2023) Tea and coffee plantation Karongi Tea Factory 1 coffee washing station Minerals Each Cell has a school - Though agriculture is the main economic activity of the Sector, the agriculture land is not well protected - Creating residential sites with easily visible physical boundaries

29. SWOT analysis can be summarized as below: Karongi land use plan _ inception report St r en g th Kivu belt road making Karongi a central node of tourism trajctory between kigali city , Rusizi and Rubavu districts Cash crop farming especially tea and coffee as speciality of the District weakness Poor connevity within the district and with the rest of the surrounding such as Nyungwe national Park and other districts around Karongi due to lack of roads and related infrastructure Opportunity Presence of Kivu lake access and the uniqueness of many islands favorable for tourism and ecological conservations to boost coastal tourism and maritime stransportation to link the district with the neighbouring DRC and other districts along Kivu lake , Nyamasheke , Rusizi , Rubavu and Rutsiro In addtion to the presence of Lake Kivu , Karongi has oportunity of hiking and mountain climbing tourism due to the presence of hilltops and elevated topography favorable for hiking and mountain climbing tourism. Threats S t ee p t opog r ap h y associ at e d t o landslides hindering agricultu r e d e v elopme n ts and residential infrastructures, Landscape that cannot allow machinery, Acidic soil, Limited agriculture modern facilities,

30. Table 05: The table below summarizes detailed SWOT analysis of the District SECTORS Strengths Weaknesses Opportunity Threats Transport Kivu Belt project (Rusizi- Unpaved and not well- Construction of Kivu Belt Road Topographic condition N y amashe k e- K a r ongi-Rutsi r o- maintained roads (Murundi (Rusizi, Nyamasheke, Karongi, that destroys the roads Rubavu road) to Murambi, Murundi to Rutsiro and Rubavu) that link and raise the costs of Paved Roads that link Karongi Gashari, Murundi to Uwitongo our district to the neighboring roads construction and District to other parts of and Gashari, Rugabano to country DRC maintenance the country (Ngororero, Murundi) Stakeholders in roads Landslides that destroy the Muhanga, and Kigali) Unprotected buffer road construction RMF (Road roads Unpaved roads that link Insufficient financial means Maintenance Funds) Karongi District to Ruhango for roads construction and Existence of transport policy and Nyamagabe District and maintenance connecting some sectors and Unmaintained roads cells. Few modern car stations Local cooperatives for road Insufficient transport means maintenances in sectors Lake Kivu (Water transport) Lack of developed port Developed transport agencies Water transport in Lake Kivu Petrol station not well developed Driving school Water and Availability of water sources in Unexploited sources of water District partners that can Erosion that destroys the Sanitation more places Poor management of the provide water to people water sources and pipelines. Existence of water existing water pipelines (NGOs) Insufficiency of water conveyance Limited access to clean water Political will suppliers Local cooperatives for water management Karongi land use plan _ inception report

31. Energy Kivu Watt Project (Methane Some sector offices without Rwanda Energy Group Cut off electricity power Gas) electricity (Rugabano, Private companies which during the rain period Existence of gridlines (High, Mutuntu) operate in solar energy Uncontrolled intensity Medium and lower) Low accessibility to electricity system of electricity that causes Availability of companies that Low purchasing power of Sufficient availability sun for a different damage provides solar energy electricity maximum use of solar system Low purchasing power Enough methane gas that can Few electrical gridlines to increase electricity capacity serve the electricity production ICT Many companies in Few network infrastructures Many communication Weak network Communication and ICT Insufficient materials for Companies Availability of communication communications. Partners in ICT (RDB and materials and tools Unawareness about the others) Use of social media district website District website Low skills on ICT Development of ICT in schools Private Availability of Markets, Hotels, Poor Service delivery PPD (Public Private Dialogue) Fraud Sector PSF, Agakiriro, Cross border No appropriate infrastructure Good policy that promote Informal business Development market, BDS, BDA Low business spirit investors and Youth Insufficient selling point Employment Increasing number of jobless especially youth VTC’s and TVET’s Few building of Agakiriro, they Political will Limited access to finance Agakiriro should be in all sectors Public works institution Cross border market No stadium and other Different partners High interest rate Hotels entertaining places Existence of PSF Availability of market Few clients Existence of BDF Financial institutions Low cooperation between Lake Kivu (Methane gas, investors and local producers. Isambaza) Young population Karongi land use plan _ inception report

32. Availability of arable land Rivers that can be used in Irrigation system Varieties of crop Sufficient water Coffee washing stations Financial institutions that finance agriculture projects Good climate Availability of Minerals and quarries Availability of natural and artificial forests Karongi land use plan _ inception report Unexploited land Unskilled farmers Low number of farmers accessing finance Low Production (Subsistence agriculture, lack of inputs, No Agriculture map Poor post-harvest technologies- Farmers are disorganized- Few numbers of technicians No agriculture research - Unskilled personnel in coordination in agriculture at grass root level Poor water harvesting- Limited value addition for agriculture product- Few market oriented- agriculture Few agricultural units of transformation, Deforestation, and environmental degradation Good climate condition Good policy and strategies of agriculture Subsidies (improved seeds, inorganic fertilizers) Favorable agricultural Season information Agriculture Advisory services Political will Existence of environmental Policy Availability of agriculture infrastructures (feeder roads, terraces, warehouses, dryers.) Cross-border trade of agriculture commodities with DR Congo through Kivu belt road and kivu lake Active population (Majority of the district population is rural youth in agribusiness Landscape that cannot allow machinery Acidic soil-Limited agriculture modern facilities Delay and no availabilities of subsidies Natural disaster Soil erosion Climate change Cash crops Suitable lands for traditional export crops Suitable topography Conducive environment Coffee washing stations Unexploited land favorable for such crops Soil erosion Unskilled labor Poor infrastructure Advanced political will for export crops and European market Available policies to prevent erosion through radical and progressive terraces Available stakeholders providing professional trainings Existing financial institutions supporting the sector Prevalence of pests and diseases Limited agribusiness skills Lack of enough capital Absence of local market

33. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Agroforestry Political will to provide High investment costs and Favorable environmental Premature exploitation due to environmental services access to tree seeds and conditions higher needs Higher demand for fodder seedlings Extension services in the Prevalence of soil erosion and and stakes for animals and Inadequate extension services sector land slides crops respectively and limited farmer knowledge Climate changes Land use intensification Competition with other food and cash crops Livestock Good climate for livestock Insufficient land for livestock Good policies and strategic Frequent landslides and few Existence of pastures in keeping planning on livestock investors in the sector certain sectors such as Gashali Few or no feed factories in development Limited feeds diversification and Twumba some areas Innovative livestock and animal diseases Available market due to cross Rudimentary animal husbandry techniques like Price fluctuation in different border trade husbandry techniques Artificial insemination, cross- markets breeding,.. Increased trade with neighboring secondary cities (Rubavu&Rusizi) via Kivu belt road and lake Kivu Fishing Access to lake Kivu Overfishing, water pollution, Prevalence of stakeholders Uncontrolled and premature No value addition for fish fishing, law quality fish Environment Rivers that can be used in Good climate condition Delay and no availabilities of and Natural irrigation system Season information Subsidies Resources Sufficient water Advisory services Natural disaster Good climate Responsive leadership Availability minerals and Political will quarries Existence of Environmental Availability of natural and Policy artificial forests Urbanization Existence of the land use Poor and unplanned Government will to enforce Topography is very difficult and Rural master plan settlement schemes both in implementation of master for the infrastructure settlement Existing design of the IDP urban and rural areas plans development model villages Limited of access to basic Development of the IDP Landslides which affects Developed road net infrastructures (Water, model villages agriculture electricity etc) Availability of different Climate shocks due to poor Very little involvement of the stakeholders environment and natural private sector resources management

34. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Financial Introduction of Saving Resistance to change Well-developed financial High interest rate Sector schemes across the district High Default risk sector policy Majority of financial development Introduction of e-banking Un digitalized systems used in Financial schemes designed institutions do not operate in Existence of the Credit and SACCOs for vulnerable people rural areas savings schemes Very limited agricultural financial support Education Education for all (12 Years No sufficient TVT and VTC Partners to provide tool kits Use of drugs Basic Education) Less teaching materials in (REB, World Vision...) Negative use of ICT Availability of schools Vocation training centre Good policy on skills High rate of teenage infrastructures High dropout rate and development pregnancy (4%) Existence of a few number of transition Political will TVET’S and VTC’S Irresponsibility of parents Big number of student in class Insufficient financial means to rehabilitate schools infrastructure Health Good management and High rate of poverty Various Government support Limited resources from the delivery of the Government Limited finances for vulnerable people Government to support all support Different problems for the requirements Different stakeholders to vulnerable people (housing, support vulnerable people food, fees, health...) Different schemes designed Insufficient staff to monitor for the poor social protection program Social Lake Kivu Undeveloped touristic site Islands in Lake Kivu No tourism development and Protection Touristic sites (Urutare Insufficient entertainment Napoleon hat Island marketing strategies rwa Ndaba, Ibigabiro bya grounds and materials Good political will Rwabugiri, Nile Source…) Unavailability of stadium Support of RDB for site No Sport centers development Sport, Local leaders’ structures in Lack of enough staff Government structure on Some of external supports Culture and place Lack of day to day follow-up Government in place not reaching the most rural tourism Communication is effective Resistance to change by Decentralized policy in place people Internal capacities are people developed Insufficient infrastructures Participation of people in (Offices, internet, etc.) decision making process JADF in place

35. 2 M e thodology

36. Performance Indicators and Assessment Tools Technical assessment is based on factual data derived from surveys, official publications and records of the national agencies concerned and other entities. Assessment involves the use of indicators such as proportions, rates, frequency, quality/condition (e.g. severity, critical, etc.), standards and other parameters that are vital in characterizing the situations. The result of the situation analysis will hopefully bring out a tailored specification of data that answers to the special requirement for sustainable development .The consultation will also trigger the search –for data’ activity and the secondary source data custodians should then be approached as early as possible in order to get all necessary information required for this step as the search and acquisition for the data is usually a lengthy process. Performance indicators can be developed in line with national visions and targets to assess the implementation of DLUP based on the existing situation according to the national or District priorities. Performance indicators can be developed in line with national visions and targets to assess the existing situation of the respective District according to the national priorities. The table below illustrates some of the key indicators and assessment tools that can be used in a District context. The criteria for the indicator can be exemplified in the following way: Figure 05. Karongi land use plan _ inception report : Sector needs assessment

37. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Table 07: Thematic Groups methodology THEMATIC GROUP DATA TYPE SOURCE OF INFO APPROACH OF COLLECTION ANALYSIS STRATEGY OUTCOME/CONTRIBUTION TO THE DLUP REPORT Agriculture - Agricultural land - Spatial PSF MINAGRI RAB NISR District NLA/ GIS Database Stakeholders NLUMP GIS Expert/ Agronomist Mapping Desk review FGD Questionnaire Field visit Pairwise ranking Crop/animal suitability analysis Interconnectivity Suitability analysis (Soil & Crops) Balance sheet (Proposed)/ Single layer Land use monitoring & Evaluation tools Land use compliance format Stakeholders & Community Engagement plan - Agricultural production - Non spatial - Spatial distribution and land consumption - Spatial - Housing and rural settlements - Spatial & non spatial - Agrotourism - Spatial & non spatial

38. Karongi land use plan _ inception report THEMATIC GROUP DATA TYPE SOURCE OF INFO APPROACH OF COLLECTION ANALYSIS STRATEGY OUTCOME/CONTRIBUTION TO THE DLUP REPORT Society - Housing and Urban settlements - Spatial RHA NISR PSF District NLA/ GIS Stakeholders NLUMP MINALOC MINEDUC MINISANTE RDB & REMA Social-Economist/ GIS Expert/ Urban planner Mapping Desk review FGD Questionnaire Field visit Examining the socio- cultural, institutional, financed operations. To examine urban issues Site selection and suitability Correlation of the population per age and rate of total enrolment in order to propose the future number of facilities per level according to the standards of MINEDUC Analysis of the impact of the FBOs in order to predict the socio- economic activities Correlation of the mortality growth rate and the population, in order to plan the cemeteries land Population projection Visioning of the District Socio-economic issues Integrated zoning plan Land use balance sheet Public facilities & Utilities network plans Interconnectivity Urban landscaping & Housing design & 3D animation Zoning plans Physical plans of selected & approved sites Implementation plans Need assessment & Capacity building Stakeholders & Community Engagement plan Proposed Balance sheet/ single layer - Tourism/ services - Spatial & non spatial - Health - Spatial & non spatial - Education - Spatial & non spatial - Demography - Spatial & non spatial - Physical planning - Spatial

39. Karongi land use plan _ inception report THEMATIC GROUP DATA TYPE SOURCE OF INFO APPROACH OF COLLECTION ANALYSIS STRATEGY OUTCOME/CONTRIBUTION TO THE DLUP REPORT Economy - Macro-economy - Non spatial PSF MINICOM MIN E C OFIN NLA RDB & REMA RTDA MINIFRA WASAC/ REG District S t a k eholde r s NISR Social-Economist/ Urban planner/ GIS Expert/ Civil Engineer/ Environmentalist Mapping Desk review FGD Questionnaire Field visit Projection of the number of annual tourists, the monetary income and the jobs created The growth rate will be based on the economy growth (GDP) of the Karongi District, and quality and quantity of meat Economic specialization of District Visioning Integrated zoning plan Land use Balance sheet Conceptual transport plan & Management strategy Interconnectivity with neighboring areas Existing & Catalytic economic development projects Tourism & cultural heritage analysis (Existing & proposed) Stakeholders & Community Engagement plan Proposed balance sheet/ single layer - Industry and trade - Spatial & non spatial - Mineral deposit & Gas - Spatial - Tourism/ Infrastructure - Spatial & non spatial - Land/ Water/ Air transport - Spatial & non spatial - Energy & ICT & Water & Gas - Spatial - Physical planning - Non spatial

40. Karongi land use plan _ inception report THEMATIC GROUP DATA TYPE SOURCE OF INFO APPROACH OF COLLECTION ANALYSIS STRATEGY OUTCOME/CONTRIBUTION TO THE DLUP REPORT Environment - Mineral deposit & Gas - Spatial & non spatial MIDIMAR RAB REMA NLA MIN A GRI RWB Stakeholders Di s trict PSF Environmentalist/ Social-Economist/ Urban planner/ GIS Expert/ Meteo Rwanda Mapping Desk review FGD Questionnaire Field visit - ArcGIS to analyze and generate maps Interconnectivity with neighboring areas Identify environmental sensitive & Disaster-prone areas and proposal for mitigation measures (Disaster mapping) Proposal for developing slope between 30-55% Identify zones above 55% to be allocated for afforestation. Tourism & cultural heritage analysis (Existing & proposed) Storm water and waste management plans Green & resilient infrastructure proposals Proposed balance sheet/ single layer Stakeholders & Community Engagement plan Green DLUP and Strategic Environmental assessment - Tourism (List and location of attraction sites) - Spatial & non spatial - Nature (List and locations of wetlands, forests and water resources) - Non spatial - Biodiversity/ Natural values protection - Non spatial - Environment quality - Spatial & non spatial - Rainfall - Non spatial - Land use/ Land cover - Spatial/ non spatial - Population settlement and urban growth - spatial/ non spatial - Type and quantity of wastes - Non spatial - Natural hazards and risks - Spatial

41. 3 KARONGI DISTRICT LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING Preliminary findings

42. K arong i lan d us e pla n _ inc e p tio n report 75 Economic speciali z a tion of karongi

43. K arong i lan d us e pla n _ inc e p tio n report 76 KARONGI DISTRICT LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING VISION AND ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION OF KARONGI DISTRICT VISION OF KARONGI DISTRICT According the Vision of Karongi District is “Towards Socio-economic model district and trade hub of Western Province”. This vision will be achieved through increasing sustainable investments both public and private in key intervention areas of Tourism, Agriculture, Trade and improving livelihood of the population of Karongi District (DDS, 2018 – 2024). In the context of Karongi District land use master plan, the main potentialities to be developed as catalytic projects in the DLUP implementation are the tourism (MINICOM, 2013), cash crop and trade especially the cross-border business, in respect with the environment protection. Therefore, the Karongi DLUP Vision may be defined as “Karongi cash crop development, lakeshore tourism (ecotourism) and cross border trade for sustainable green society”. In this regard, Karongi district has a vision to become “sustainable Green coastal tourism ”. This vision will be achieved through the implementation of Government Policies, service delivery and support to sectors to deliver quality services, especially with regard to the implementation of the land use plan. With Karongi DLUP, the formulated objectives are specific, measurable, appropriate, realistic & achievable, and time bound (SMART). Photo 3 : Fishing in Kivu Lake

44. Karongi land use plan _ inception report General Vision “Green and circular economy based on eco- tourism, cross border trade, light industry development and cash crop development by a healthy, well educated and highly skilled, labor force, gainfully employed. ” Thematic Group Vision Agriculture “efficient agriculture land use; increased access to agriculture finance and risk sharing facilities; modern market-oriented horticulture and cash cro production.” Society l “a healthy, well educated and highly skilled labor force that is gainfully employed.” Economy “ Cross border trade development; Kivu lakeshore tourism; light industry development; ease of mobility; and efficient transportatio .” Environment “Green and circular economy; protected natural resources, Eco-tourism, and sustainable development.”

45. Photo 4: Tea plantation Photo 5: Chapeau de Napoleon Island Photo 6: Kivu lakeshore Karongi land use plan _ inception report

46. POPULATION, URBANIZATION, SETTLEMENT AND HOUSING(PUSH) Population Existing population The total population of Karongi District is 373,869 which has the share of 2.8% of the national population of 13,246,394, and 12.9% of the Western Province with 2,896,394 inhabitants as at December 2022 (NISR/PHC5, 2022). The 4 Sectors along side the Late Kivu, namely Rubengera, Bwishyura, Mubuga and Gishyita has a population growth greater than the district level, as well as Gitesi and Twumba. The main reason is the touristic destination. Table 08 : Change of density of the population of Western Province, Karongi District and its sectors between 2012 and 2022 Rwanda 13,246,394 6,429,326 6,817,068 3,701,245 9,545,149 100.0% 503 Western Provin c e 2,896,484 1,384,635 1,511,849 640,307 2,256,177 21.9% 693 Karongi 373,869 178,417 195,452 33,542 340,327 2.8% 482 Rutsiro 369,180 176,498 192,682 20,606 348,574 2.8% 565 Rubavu 546,683 267,299 279,384 294,448 252,235 4.1% 1,614 Ngororero 367,955 171,065 196,890 18,142 349,813 2.8% 551 Nyamasheke 434,221 204,858 229,363 33,377 400,844 3.3% 632 Rusizi 485,529 236,426 249,103 162,165 323,364 3.7% 871 Nyabihu 319,047 150,072 168,975 78,027 241,020 2.4% 642 Karongi land use plan _ inception report Province / District Cou n t Population share (% of total popu- " P opul a tio n density lation) (people/ km2)" Both sexes Male Female Urban Rural Both sexes Source: NISR/RPHC5, 2022

47. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Table 15 : Population projection up to 2050 Description units Year 2022 Year 2025 Year 2030 Year 2035 Year 2040 Year 2045 Year 2050 Population 373,869 400,264 448,461 502,461 562,964 630,753 706,703 Density (persons/km2) inhabitants/ km2 474 508 569 637 714 800 896 Total area/person ha 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.11 Total area/HH ha 0.86 0.81 0.72 0.64 0.57 0.51 0.46 Agricultural area/HH ha 0.36 0.34 0.30 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.19 are 36 34 30 27 24 22 19 m2 3,641 3,401 3,036 2,709 2,418 2,158 1,926 Length of land (m) x Width (m) 100 100 m x 36 m 100 m x 34 m 100 m x 30 m 100 m x 27 m 100 m x 24 m 100 m x 21 m 100 m x 19 m Source: NISR/RPHC5 (2022) adapted by Consultant Table 16 : Population projection per sector Sector Area (km2) Year 2022 Year 2025 Year 2030 Year 2035 Year 2040 Year 2045 Year 2050 Bwishyura 46.21 40,720 43,595 48,844 54,726 61,315 68,699 76,971 Gashari 54.35891529 21,263 22,764 25,505 28,576 32,017 35,873 40,192 Gishyita 44.16 23,687 25,359 28,413 31,834 35,667 39,962 44,774 Gitesi 75.48328054 29,312 31,381 35,160 39,394 44,137 49,452 55,407 Mubuga 37.02 23,455 25,111 28,135 31,522 35,318 39,571 44,336 Murambi 50.6158014 22,374 23,954 26,838 30,070 33,690 37,747 42,292 Murundi 65.82240483 27,236 29,159 32,670 36,604 41,011 45,950 51,483 Mutuntu 64.15607269 25,652 27,463 30,770 34,475 38,626 43,277 48,489 Rubengera 47.34 40,337 43,185 48,385 54,211 60,739 68,052 76,247 Rugabano 75.63463357 34,207 36,622 41,032 45,973 51,508 57,710 64,660 Ruganda 59.53825655 19,132 20,483 22,949 25,712 28,809 32,278 36,164 Rwankuba 69.73980356 38,286 40,989 45,925 51,454 57,650 64,592 72,370 Twumba 98.58747668 28,208 30,199 33,836 37,910 42,475 47,590 53,320 Karongi District 788.6666451 373,869 400,264 448,461 502,461 562,964 630,753 706,703 Source: NISR/RPHC5 (2022) adapted by Consultant

48. The following table also describe the type of housing units used by private households, which clearly indicated that most households live in planned rural settlements and in dispersed housing. Hence, a proper planning strategy is required to maximize planned settlements. Table 18: Distribution (%) of the private households by type of habitat Type of habitat Rate (100%) Umudugudu (planne d ru r al 56.9% settlement) Integrated Model Village 1.4% Old settlements 1.4% Dispersed/ Isolated housing 33.2% Modern planned urban 0.2% housing Spontaneous/ Squatter 3.6% housing Other type of housing 3.3% Source: NISR/RPHC5 (2022) adapted by Consultant Table 19: Distribution of the private housing units by tenure of household. Tenure of household Rate (100%) Owne r 80.8% Tenant 10.7% Hire purchase 0.1% Free lodging 5% Staff housing 0.5% settlement T empo r a r y c amp o r 2.7% Othe r o.3% Source: NISR/RPHC5 (2022) adapted by Consultant From the table below, Most of households (80.8%) own their houses, and only a few (10.7%) rent. In addition to the housing facilities, households have improved toilet facilities at the rate of 78.2%. Most people use unshared pit latrine with constructed floor toilet, and the diagram below illustrates the other used toilet facilities, and their usage rate. Construction Materials More houses are built in earth bricks or trees and mud, in between blocks from sand and cement, roofs with wooden construction, and many imported materials such as iron sheet , paints and steel. The following diagrams below summarizes construction materials used from floor and walls up to the roof. They also summarize the type of toilet facilities used by the households. 7. OTHER 6. SHARED PIT LATRINE WITHOUT CONSTRUCTED SLAB 5. NOT SHARED PIT LATRINE WITHOUT… 4. SHARED PIT LATRINE WITH CONSTRUCTED SLAB NOT SHARED PIT LATRINE WITH CONSTRUCTED… 2. SHARED FLUSH TOILET/ WC SYSTEM NOT SHARED FLUSH TOILET/ WC SYSTEM 20 40 60 80 1. Not shared flush toilet/ WC system 2. Shared flush toilet/ WC system 3. Not shared pit latrine with constructed floor slab 4. Shared pit latrine with constructed slab 5. Not shared pit latrine without c o n str u c t e d slab 6. Shared pit latrine without c o n str u c t e d slab 7. Other Percentage 2.2 0.5 74.9 13 6.4 1 2 TYPE OF TOILET FACILITIES Figure 09 : Toilet facilities Karongi land use plan _ inception report

49. 2. LOCAL TILES 3. INDUSTRIAL TILES 4. ASBESTOS 5. CONCRETE 10 20 30 40 50 60 2. Local tiles 3. Industrial tiles 4. Asbestos 5. Concrete Percentage 54.2 0.2 ROOF MATERIALS 9. NOT STATED 8. OTHER 7. BURNT BRICKS 6. TIMBER 5. STONE 4. CEMENT BLOCKS/ CONCRETE 3. SUN DRIED BRICKS 2. WOOD WITH MUD AND CEMENT 1. WOOD WITH MUD WITHOUT CEMENT 20 40 60 80 100 1. Wood with mud without cement 2. Wood with mud and cement 3. Sun dried b r i c k s 4. Cement blocks/ concrete 5. Stone 6. Timber 7. Burnt bricks 8. Other 9. Not stated Percentage 5.1 91 0.4 1.7 0.6 0.6 WALLS MATERIALS 9. OTHER 8. CEMENT 7. CERAMIC/ CLAYS/ GRANITE TILES 6. WOODEN FLOOR 5. BURNT BRICKS 4. STONES 3. C O NC RETE DUNG HARDENED E A RTH 20 40 60 80 1. Earth 2. Dung hardened 3.Concret e 4. Stones 5. Burnt bricks 6. Wooden floor 7. C e r a m i c / Clays/ Granite tiles 8. Cement 9. Other Percentage 77.1 2.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 19.1 FLOOR MATERIALS Figure 10 : Floor materials Karongi land use plan _ inception report Figure 12 : Roof materials Figure 11 : Wall materials

50. Existing Housing Typologies The existing condition of houses in Karongi urban areas have basic typology that has been an edifice, most commonly beehive-shaped, made of mud bricks and poles, and covered with thatch. The following photos were taken during our field visits as reflected below: Photos 7 : Housing in Karongi District Karongi land use plan _ inception report

51. KARONGI N Y A M A GABE NYAMASHEKE RU T S I RO RUHANGO NGO R OR E RO M UH A N G A Gi s h y i t a Gi t e s i T w u mb a Mubuga Bwishyura Murundi Rubengera M u t un t u Rugabano G a s h a r i Rwankuba Ruganda M ur a mb i Mubuga Shyembe B i r a m b o Mugonero Karongi urban boundary L e g e n d Rurban_areas Karongi_urban_boundaries Karongi_rural_settlements Sector_boundaries NYANZA KARONGI_DISTRICT 5 Karongi land use plan _ inception report 2,5005,000 10,000 Meters Map 07. Urban, rurban and rural areas

52. Karongi land use plan _ inception report TRANSPORTATION Existing situation In Karongi district has different transportation (land, mari n e and air t r ansports) th a t provide accessibility within the district, neighborhood district and the country as well. Land Transport (Roads) karongi district like other remaining districts have different road categories that enhance easy transport and provide connectivity within the di s trict o r neighbor with the other district or city of are road classes located Kigali the following in Karongi district: National roads: 1. National unpaved Road with NR12 connected Karongi and Nyamagabe Districts with trajectory of Kitabi-Musebeya-Twumba-Gishyita .This NR12 has 31.067 Km length and 22m buffer at each side from the center of the road. National Paved Road with NR11 connected Rusizi,Nyamasheke,Karongi,Rutsiro and Rubavu Districts with trajectory of Ruhwa-Bugarama- Rusizi - Buhinga - Karongi - Rutsiro - Rubavu. This NR11 has 254.079 Km length and 22m buffer at each side from the center of the road. National Unpaved Road with NR14 connected Nyamagabe, Nyanza and Karongi Districts with trajectory of Gasaka-Cyanika- Musange-Mutuntu-Rwankuba-Bwishyura. This NR14 has 66.682 km length and 22m buffer at each side from the center of the road. 4. National Unpaved Road with NR7 connected Kamonyi,Ruhango and Karongi Districts with trajectory of Rugobagoba - Kinazi - Ruhango- Gitwe-Buhanda-Kirinda-Birambo-Kayenzi. This NR7 has 33.328 km length and 22m buffer at each side from the center of the road. 5. National Paved Road with NR15 connected Muhanga,Ngororero and Karongi Districts with trajectory of Muhanga - Nyange-Rubengera. This NR15 has 26.881 km length and 22m buffer at each side from the center of the road. According to the road survey, 54% of the road are in good condition. The part from Rambura to Rubengera is in urban rehabilitation. 6. National Paved Road with NR11 connected Rusizi , N y amashe k e , Rub a vu, Rutsi r o and Karongi Districts with trajectory of Ruhwa- Bugarama- Rusizi - Karongi - Rutsiro - Rubavu. This NR11 has 48.220km length and 22m buffer at each side from the center of the road District Road class 1: 1. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR 10 connected Nyamasheke and Karongi with trajectory of Kanjongo-Kagano-Rangiro-Karambi- Mahembe. This DR10 has 11.669 Km length and 12m buffer at each side from the center of the road. 2. DR 13 Di s trict Unp a v e d r oa d clas s 1 with provided accessibility within the district with trajectory of Rwankuba - Bigugu - Gitabura - Ngoma - Kigarama - Buhoro. This DR13 has 35.393 Km length and 12m buffer at each side from the center of the road. 3. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR 14 provided accessibility within the district with t r ajec t o r y o f R y aruha n g a-Mu r an g a r a. This DR14 has 9.736 Km length and 12m buffer at each side from the center of the road. 4. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR 15 provided accessibility within the district with t r ajec t o r y o f Ru g aban o-Gi t esi- Ka y enzi . This DR15 has 37.894 Km length and 12m buffer at each side from the center of the road. 5. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR 16 connected Nyamagabe and Karongi with trajectory of Gashari-Ruganda-Mugano-Kaduha-Kibilizi- Gasaka. This DR16 has 17.679 Km length and 12m buffer at each side from the center of the road. 6. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR 17 connected Ngororero and Karongi with trajectory of Nsibo-Kamina-Mubuga-Nyarunyinya. This DR16 has 25.275 Km length and 12m buffer at each side from the center of the road. 7. District Unpaved road class 1 with DR21 with trajectory of Nyarugenge-Kagusa-Kageyo- Kabona-Muyira .This DR21 has 1.192 Km length and 12m buffer at each side from the center of the road. Unclassified Roads Karongi district has other roads called unclassified roads because they were not categorized either in National roads, District road class 1&2.

53. Marine Transport (Lake and River) Karongi is one of the district touches on lake kivu where boats are mostly used to transport goods and people from one place to another. Another side, people living nearby Nyabarongo river is used to transport good and people from one place to another. Moreover, this river is also used as leisure using boats to transport people. Air Transport There are currently 7 functioning airfields in Rwanda; two international airport and five local aerodomes. Kigali International Airport is the main airport, located in the capital city of Kigali. It is the country’s main gateway, connecting domestic and international destinations. Kigali International Airport is said to have reached its maximum capacity and a new airport is currently being built to complement Kigali Airport. Bugesera Airport islocated in Eastern Province. This international airport is set to become Rwanda’s largest airport, handling one million passengers and 150 million tons of cargo annually with additional capacity expected at later phases. In karongi has existing aerodrome which locate in Bwishyura sector and kibuye cell. Ports Figure 13. Proposed design of Karongi Port Source: Sellhorn; Netherlands Enterprise Agency Karongi land use plan _ inception report

54. KARONGI NYAMAGABE NYAMASHEKE RUTSIRO NG O R O R E R O RUHANGO N Y A NZ A MUHANGA Gishyita Gitesi T w u m b a M u b u g a Bwishyura M u r u n d i R u b e n g e ra M u t u n t u R u g a b a n o G a s h a ri Rwankuba R u g a n d a M u r am b i N R 1 4 N R 7 N R 11 N R 12 N R 15 D R 15 DR 16 D R 1 3 DR 17 D R 14 DR 10 D R 1 7 D R 21 Nyabarongo Musogoro Mashyiga Nyabahanga Munzanga Muregeya Kirimbi Legend Name Droneport Ñ º Marineport Karongi Boat Docking Area Existing Roads District Road Class 1 District Road Class 2 National Road Other road KARONGI_BIG_RIVERS KA R O N G I _ W A T ER _ B O DY 5 Karongi land use plan _ inception report 0 3,100 6,200 12,400 Meters Map 08. Existing transportation networks

55. PUBLIC FACILITIES and Services Education facilities Karongi District has many education infrastructure although the upgrading of some of them is necessary. In addition, the equipement is to be improved in terms of quantity and quality. During the survey, a modern TVET will be constructed in Mubuga Sector. This summary shows the need for planning other infrastructure to take into account the projection of the population in term- and long term. At primary level, the attendance rate is between 91% and 96.8% while in secondary level, the rate varies between 66.6% and 82.6%. Table 20 : Synthesis of number of level of schools by Sector 1 Bwishyura 9 4 4 1 2 Gishari 5 2 4 3 Gishyita 1 9 3 4 4 Gitesi 3 8 3 5 Mubuga 3 4 6 6 Murambi 7 1 3 3 7 Murundi 1 6 1 5 4 8 Mutuntu 6 2 2 9 Rubengera 1 9 6 4 2 1 10 Rugabano 10 1 2 11 Ruganda 9 1 3 12 Rwankuba 8 1 4 13 Twumba 11 1 4 TOTAL 6 100 27 48 9 2 Karongi land use plan _ inception report S/N Sec t or Pre- prima r y Primary Secondary Primary / Se c ondary (GS) IP R C Tertiary Source: Spatial survey (2023) 4.4.2. Health facilities

56. Map 09. Existing schools Karongi land use plan _ inception report

57. Map 10. Existing health facilities Karongi land use plan _ inception report

58. The bad road conditions are detriment to the access to the health facilities. The prevalence of medical insurance among the population with/without disability at District level is 97.8% (PHC5, 2022). Below is the summarized list of all existing health facilities and the annex 5 provides more information about the location of those facilities. Table 21 : Synthesis of number of level of Health facilities by Sector, Cell and Village S/N Sector Family Health Post Health District Karongi land use plan _ inception report Reference Health Posts Centre Hospitals Hospital 1 Bwis h yur a 2 1 1 2 Gishar i 1 2 2 3 Gis h yi t a 5 2 1 4 Gi t es i 1 2 5 Mubuga 2 2 6 Murambi 1 1 1 7 Murundi 3 1 8 Mutu n tu 1 1 1 9 Rubengera 6 3 10 Rugabano 1 1 4 11 Ruganda 3 2 12 R wan k ub a 2 1 4 13 T wumb a 2 2 T O T A L 5 30 27 2 1 Source: Spatial survey (2023) Normally, each Cell has at list one health post. In karongi District, the survey shows that the number of healt posts is still low because with the privatisation, the investors have not enough patients to justify theirs investments.

59. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Markets Most markets are open-air; located in commercial centres. Poor road conditions mean that agricultural production in most areas does not reach the Lake Kivu coastal zone, especially the pork from the eastern sectors toward the cross border market. Table 22 : Markets S/N Sector Cell Village Description 1 Gashari Birambo market 2 Gishyita Cyanya Gitovu Gishyita market 3 Gishyita Kigarama Kubutare Isoko rya Kigarama 4 Gitesi Munanira Gahigiro Iguriro rito rya gitesi (Selling Point) 5 Mubuga Ryaruhanga Ryaruhanga Mubuga Selling Point 6 Murundi Kareba Kuruganda Murundi market 7 Rubengera Kibirizi market 8 Rubengera Kibirizi Buhoro Agasoko ku mugoroba centre kagarama 9 Rubengera Kibirizi Cyimana Agasoko ku mugoroba centre kagarama 10 Rubengera Bubazi Nyagahinga Isoko ry'amatungo (Cattle market) 11 Rubengera Bubazi Kavumu Isoko ryubakiye risakaje amategura 12 Rugabano Gisiza Winyambo Rubona market (Segatare) 13 Rugabano Gisiza Winyambo Tyazo small market 14 Ruganda Rubona Gahunduguru Gahunduguru market 15 Ruganda Rubona Gahunduguru Gahunduguru market 16 Ruganda Nyabikeri Nyabikeri Nyabikeri market 17 Twumba Gakuta Rugogwe Isoko rya Gakuta 18 Twumba Gisovu market 19 Twumba Rushisha market 20 Bwishyura Cross border market Source: Consultant survey (2023)

60. Table 24 : List of churches' designation S/N Designation S/N Designation 1 ADEPR 16 Eglise Baptiste 2 AMUR 17 EPADR 3 APEK 18 Eglise Evangélique des Amis au Rwanda 4 Jehovah's witnesses 19 Eglise Inkuru Nziza 5 Adeventist Church 20 Eglise Methodistes Libres 6 Adventistes du 7ème jour 21 Eglise Nazareens 7 Alarm Ministry 22 Eglise Neo-Apostolique 8 APAX "Artisand de la Paix" 23 Eglise ROINGE 9 EPR 24 Eglise Zion Temple 10 Authentic Word Ministry 25 Evangelical Free Church of Rwanda 11 Catholic Church 26 Evangelical Restoration Church 12 Church of Pentecost International 27 Hollebrew Adventists 13 EMLR 28 Muslim 14 EAR 29 Umuriro wa Pentekoti 15 EER Source: Spatial survey (2023) 4 Cemeteries Table 25 : Cemeteries and Cultural heritage S/N Sector Cell Village Description 1 Bwishyura Kibuye Gatwaro Urwibutso gatwaro 2 Gitesi Ruhinga Nyamiyaga Irimbi rusange (Nyamiyaga village) 3 Mubuga Ryaruhanga Rwamiko Irimbi rusange (mubuga) 4 Mubuga Ryaruhanga Ryaruhanga Mubuga genocide memorial 5 Ruganda Kivumu Kagorora Irimbi rusange 6 Twumba Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre Source: Spatial survey (2023) Religious The FBOs use a huge quantity of area (6.54 km2). They should be more proactive in socio- economic development for justifying their existing. Unfortunately, it is not always easy for these organisations to adapt to changing land use according to national policies. Table 23 : Synthetic land use per churches in each sector 1 Bwishyura 108 573,511.99 2 Gashari 65 228,547.74 3 Gishyita 41 143,495.74 4 Gitesi 85 384,822.43 5 Mubuga 64 199,788.19 6 Murambi 117 794,760.90 7 Murundi 84 391,549.37 8 Mutuntu 82 448,565.61 9 Rubengera 143 554,981.83 10 Rugabano 73 343,270.93 11 Ruganda 78 334,086.74 12 Rwankuba 84 494,648.40 13 Twumba 117 1,647,963.76 Total 1,141 6,539,993.63 m 2 654.00 ha 6.54 km² Karongi land use plan _ inception report S/N Sector Number of churches Total are (m2) Source: Spatial survey (2023)

61. Map 11. Current land use Karongi land use plan _ inception report

62. Karongi land use plan _ inception report PUBLIC UTILITIES Hydrology Rwanda hydrological network is divided into two main river basins: Nile Basin covering 67 % of the Rwandan territory and draining 90 % of the country’s waters, and the Congo basin covering 33 % of the Rwandan territory and draining 10 % of the country’s water. The pluviometry varies between 800 and 2000 mm per year with 1200mm in average. Due to its relief and topography, soil erosion and landslides are frequent in most areas of the District. The climatic situation of the district does not differ from North-Western part of the Country. As it is the same for the whole Country, Karongi District has two dry seasons covering the period from December to January and from June to mid-September, and it is also characterized by two rainy seasons. The long rains start in mid-September and end in December and from February to June with an annual average of temperature varying from 16ᵒC to 21.5ᵒ C and annual rainfall ranging from 1100 to 1500 mm. 1. W at er In karongi supply and sani t a tion di s trict, wat e r supply and sani t a tion Referring following has been to activities taken into consideration. DD S (2018-2024), The a r e being w or k e d on: wat e r pipelines 829.2 K m of c on s truc t ed/ r ehabili t at e d (2018-2024) Kanyabusage water treatment plant upgraded. Karongi district had water tanks located in different areas that stored drinking water to the whole district. The site visit has identified water tanks located in karongi district tank located cel l and tank located cel l and tank located W at er k a r eba W at er k ab a y a W at er k amina W at er b y o g o W at er cell t ank cell t ank and lo cat ed and lo cat ed a t Murundi karuganda a t Murundi karambo a t Murundi Nyakarambi at Mutuntu Nyabikenke a t Ru g anda sec t o r , village sec t o r , village sec t o r , village sec t o r , village sec t o r , Nyamugwagwa cell and Nyamugwagwa village wat e r t ank lo cat e d a t Nyamugwagwa cell and Ruganda sector, Burango village Ruganda sector, water tank located at Rugobagoba cell and Nyagasambu village wat e r t ank Biguh u cell wat e r t ank K abin g o cell lo cat e d a t and located and Ru g anda Ngange at Ruganda Nyagisozi Ruganda water tank located at Kinyovu cell and Kanyegenyege sec t o r , village sec t o r , village sec t o r , village Water supply and sanitation Electricity supply Karongi as one of the secondary city (phase II) whereby the development running very fast like in other secondary cities, it is within this framework that it has accessibility on different infrastructures, and on the electricity, karongi has access to electrical network and an electricity access rate of 76% with 28% connected to the off- grids and 47.5% to the national grids( KBMP,2022).

63. KARONGI N Y A M A GABE NYAMASHEKE RU T S I RO RUHANGO N Y AN Z A NGO R OR E RO M UH A NGA Gi s h y i t a Gi t e s i T w u mb a Mubuga Murundi Rubengera Bwishyura M u t un t u Rugabano G a s h a r i Rwankuba Ruganda Nya b ar o ng o M u s o g o ro Murambi Mashyiga Nya b a h a n g a Munzanga M u re g eya K i r i m b i Legend Karongi_rivers KARONGI_WATER_BODY KARONGI_WETLAND Sector_boundaries 5 Karongi land use plan _ inception report 0 2,8505,700 11,400 Meters Map 12. Waterbodies and Wetlands

64. AGRICULTURE In Karongi, agriculture and livestock farming remain the key economic activities. First, agriculture encounters many people who are independent farmers, at least 73.7 of households depend mainly on the revenues from agricultural activities- this implies that 85.2% of the households are involved in agriculture. Among the export crops, coffee, tea grown mostly acidic soils in sectors of Rugabano, Gitesi, Twumba, fruits, and macadamia are the main commercial crops found in the area occupying 14.6 of the total agricultural land (NISR,2023) while food crops produced in the area comprise of maize, sorghum, beans, soya beans, peas, irish potatoes, bananas, cassava, wheat, and vegetables occupy 27,5 of the total agricultural land grown in all sectors of the district. The main crops that are cultivated on large land by most farmers include beans, sorghum, soya beans, legumes, bananas, maize, potatoes, peas, and wheat and fruit trees. In rural areas, farmers rear some animals such as cows, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. Karongi district is characterized by the high lands area with steep features and has an altitude varying between 1470 to 2200 metres. On one hand, the topographical characteristics allow the district to be faced with soil erosion. The various land uses decrease forest area accentuate the erosion phenomena, bring heavy siltation downstream, and in some cases, floods may occur. 4.6.1. Agricultural programs at District level Land use consolidation Photo 8 : Land consolidated with erosion control with irrigation in Rubengera In Karongi district the Land Use Consolidation has been adopted by farmers in almost all sectors of the district even though the topography is not favoring. The exerceise is combined with erosion control through radical terraces established in almost all sectors depending on a stakeholder engaged. However much participating farmers commit to consolidate aspects of their operations while retaining individual ownership of their farm plots. This joint cultivation of large areas, comprising multiple adjacent smallholder plots over which the farmers retain their individual land rights, delivered important economies of scale in the production of selected crops such as maize, beans, coffee, tea, bananas, and vegetables. Prior to the beginning of the agricultural season, farmers committheirparticipationintheprogramandagree to forego traditional intercropping techniques in favor of cultivating a single, district-approved crop, in collaboration with neighboring farmers. Irrigation situation in the district Photo 9 : Night storage Reservoir from Ndaba designed for irrigation in The district has benefited from the world bank funded project known as Land Husbandry, Water harvesting and Hillside irrigation Karongi land use plan _ inception report (LWH) that supported the district for the sake of planning and implementation of the dif f e r e n t la n d-husbandry o p tions including land consolidation through radical terraces in sectors of Rubengera and Rugabano on 145ha with distinct influence on the overall irrigation program, the entire watershed between the two sectors land husbandry and water harvesting t echnique s a r e p r acticed, partitioned and categorized into the following 3 major categories. 1. Night storage Reservoir ; land designed to be filled by water draining from the main irrigation canal. This water is used for the hillside’s irrigation of horticultural crops in Gitwa, Nyarugenge and Mukimba cells of Rubengera and Rugabano sectors. 2. Command area ;landsdesignedandconsolidated

65. to be irrigated in dry seasons by the water to be harvested in the reservoir during the rainy season. 3. Comm an d area C a t chme n t ; land c onsolid at e d which is up-hill o f t h e c ommand a r e a th a t c oul d c o n tr i bu t e runoff and floo d t o the d o wn- cat chme n t c omman d a r ea. Table 26 : Average crop productivity at the LWH project sites for major crops Maize 1.55 1.55 4.0 1.525 Saya bean 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.506 Bush beans 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.808 Climbing beans 0.8 0.97 2.7 1.035 Irish potato 3 9.8 18 8.646 Wheat 0.4 1.1 3.0 1.325 Source: LWH project completion report C r op Baseline productivity (T/Ha) (2021A) Productivity Productivity (T/ Productivity National Average National Average (T/Ha) (B2021) Ha) (A2022) (T/Ha) (B2022) Food Crops grown in Karongi District Table 27 : Food crops cultivated in Karongi district, Location, and production on consolidated area 1 Beans In All Sectors of the district 13,228 2 Maize In All sectors of the district 12,661 3 Banana Bwishyura, Rubengera , Mubuga , Gishyita and Murundi 98,224 4 Irish P o tat oes Rwankuba, Mutuntu , Rugabano and Gitesi 13,984 5 Soya Bean Rubengera, Bwishura , Mubuga , Gishyita, Murambi and Murundi 1,656 6 Cassava Mubuga,Gishyita, Ruganda, Murambi, Murundi ,Gashari and Gitesi 43,469 7 Wheat Rwankuba, Twumba, Mutuntu , Rugabano and Gitesi 184 8 Sorghum Rubengera , Bwishyura and Murambi 1670 9 Vegetables All Sectors but more dominant in Rubengera 12,868 Karongi land use plan _ inception report No Crops Location Annual Production (MT) Source: NISR, SAS 2022

66. Cash crops in Karongi district. Table 28 : Cash crops cultivated in Karongi district, Location, and production on consolidated area 1 Tea Rwankuba, Mutuntu , Twumba na Rugabano ,Gitesi, Gashali 4493 24,264 Europe, Asia and America 2 Coffee All Sectors 4800 16,500 Europe, Asia and America 3 Macadamia Mubuga and Gishyita 10 - - 4 Fruits (Mango and Avocado) Bwishura, Rubengera 85 441 Local market 5 Sericulture Bwishura 3 1 China No Crops Location Culti v at ed area (Ha) Annual Production Export Market (T) Source: NISR, SAS 2022 Livestock in Karongi district The increasing adoption of animal husbandry and zero grazing practices provides an ideal opportunity for soil fertility enhancements while at the same time diversifying access to diets for improvements in nutrition for the population. The main animals reared in Karongi district include cows, goats, pigs, sheep, and poultry. Table 29 : Livestock keeping No Animal Location Karongi land use plan _ inception report Esti- m at ed Mar k e t number (heads) 1 Cows All sectors of the district 340,000 Local & DRC 2 Goats All sectors of the district 90,000 Local & DRC markets 3 Pigs All sectors of the district 66,000 Local & DRC markets 4 Sheep Mutuntu, Gashali, Ruganda, Rugabano, Gite- si, and Murambi 23,000 Local & DRC markets 5 Poultry Bwishyura, Rubengera, Mubuga, and Gishyita 125,700 Local & DRC markets Source: District reports, 2022 Fishing in Karongi District In Karongi district, capture fishery is classified as artisanal or small-scale fisheries. Fishers are organized into one (1) company called Aquahort Export Ltd located in Kibuye cell in Bwishyura sector. Fishing is an important socio- economic activity of Karongi communities especially for the population neighboring Kivu lakes. The main Species contributing to capture production are Limnothrissa miodon, Haprochromis sp, and Nile Tilapia. Fishing activities are undertaken through cooperatives of fishermen. GoR through the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources promoted fish farming in ponds to improve the productivity of abandoned fishponds, a policy that was also adopted in Karongi district, Bwishyura sector. Fishing is done in lake Kivu, which is a home to various fish species, including sardines (Limnothrissa miodon, locally known as isambaza), tilapia, haplochromis (known locally as indugu). Fish farming is practiced in Karongi for ensuring food security, poverty eradication, and natural resources/environmental protection. The policy called for improvement in aquaculture production, coordination of fisheries and aquaculture activities with water resources management, development of fisheries and aquaculture management capacity, and review of the attendant legislations. Given the current state of fisheries sector and the demand for fisheries resource; Karongi has put in place strategies and measures to ensure that it can fully and sustainably utilize her resources to meet the high animal protein demand, while tapping the inherent nutritional security found only in fish.

67. Karongi land use plan _ inception report

68. Table 30 : Fishing Ports names and Location No Fishing ports Specie 1 Nyakaliba Sardines (isambaza) Tilapia Karongi land use plan _ inception report Average Production (T/year) Location 25 Bwishyura 10 Haploch r omis (Indugu) 30 2 Mu r an g a r a Sardines N / A Mubu g a Tilapia N / A Haplochromis N / A 3 N y a g at o vu Haplochromis N / A Sardines N / A 4 Cyi k a Sardines N / A Tilapia N / A Haplochromis N / A 5 Mwis h y a Sardines N / A Gis h yi t a Haplochromis N / A 6 Gi t onde Sardines N / A Tilapia N / A Haplochromis N / A 7 Gise k e Sardines N / A Tilapia N / A Haplochromis N / A 8 Mpembe Sardines N / A Tilapia N / A Haplochromis N / A Source: District progress report Beekeeping in Karongi district Despite the efforts that the government of Rwanda has put in the construction of the Modern Honey Processing Center in western province, Rutsiro supporting the farmers with funds for the needed Investments and professional instruction. The main objective of this consultancy service is to develop an integrated Land Use Plan with emphasis on agriculture and livestock which will necessarily include agricultural sp a tial anal y sis, soil f ertilit y , c r o p s and livestock suitability analysis in Karongi district.

69. Crops Income Considering the gros value of the whole production of the food crops in season A 2022, season B 2022 and season C 2022, as published by NISR in the SAS 2022, the total annual gross food crops are valuing more than 170 billion Rwf, This amount is useful to explain the crucial rol of the agriculture sector in the national economy, especially in Karongi District where more than 83% of the population is in this sector, The money circulation of this amount (170 billion Rwf) is important for the local economy, by job creation and the economic multiplier, I n a d dition, this g r o s c r op n in c om e is equivalent to 456,796 Rwf per capita per year for the 373,869 people (RPHC5, 2022), The Karongi District land use plan 2022-2050 needs to be well implemented and monitored to ensure the optimum use of land for agriculture. Table 31 : Gros food crops income, SAS 2022 1 Maize 11,937 724 12,661 560 7,090,160,000 2 Sorghum 1,670 1,670 1,250 2,087,500,000 3 Wheat 184 184 700 128,800,000 4 Cassava 15,257 28,212 43,469 450 19,561,050,000 5 Sweet potato 36,230 39,092 703 76,025 600 45,615,000,000 6 Irish potato 9,868 3,288 828 13,984 500 6,992,000,000 7 Yams & Taro 5,507 8,988 14,495 400 5,798,000,000 8 Banana 50,539 47,685 98,224 500 49,112,000,000 9 Beans 6,133 7,091 8 13,232 1,600 21,171,200,000 10 Peas 574 420 4 998 1,800 1,796,400,000 11 Ground nuts 5 5 2,000 10,000,000 12 Soya beans 681 969 6 1,656 2,000 3,312,000,000 13 Vegetables 6,784 5,657 427 12,868 500 6,434,000,000 14 Fruits 14 427 441 1,000 441,000,000 15 Fodder crops 5,438 6,889 12,327 100 1,232,700,000 Total 148,967 151,296 1,976 302,239 170,781,810,000 Total population = 373,869 S/N Food crops Karongi land use plan _ inception report "Total price Rwf" Production 2022 (x 1,000 kg) "Unit price Season A Season B Season C Total Rwf/kg" Annual gross crop income per capita = 456,796 Rwf/ c api t a/ y ear Source: NISR, Seasonal Agriculture Survey (SAS), 2022

70. ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES Forestry According to the Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping (2019), Karongi district has a forest cover of 23,915ha (30.2% of its total land) of which 22,719 hectares are forest plantations and 1,070 hectares are natural forests (mainly Mukura natural forest) located in Twumba sector (Figure 3, Table 2). The existing forest cover reflects the balance between the afforestation and deforestation. From 2009 to 2019, the Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping (2019) recorded a deforestation rate of 3,554 ha (16.9%) and an afforestation of 5,677 ha (27%). The highest forested sectors are Twumba with 4,242ha (43%), Rwankuba with 2,574ha (37%), Rugabano with 2,506ha (31%) and Ruganda with 2,339ha (38%). The least forest sector is Mubuga with 774ha (17% of the sector land). The forest density map (Figure 50) shows that many forests in Bwishyura, Twumba, Mubuga, Nyarusange, and Ruganda are degraded and need a reforestation program to improve the productivity. Thus, it is recommended that Karongi district forest management plan (DFMP) prioritize the reforestation activities in these sectors while planning for afforestation in Mubuga sector. Table 32 : Summary statistics of forest cover per sector in Karongi District Bwishyura 4,217 1,157 10.72 1,168 28 Gashari 6,931 1,927 1,927 28 Gishyita 4,704 1,103 100.72 1,203 26 Gitesi 7,568 1,968 0.38 1,968 26 Mubuga 4,536 762 12.07 774 17 Murambi 5,246 1.49 1,227 1,228 23 Murundi 6,342 0.02 1,580 1,580 25 Mutuntu 4,709 1,447 0.06 1,447 31 Rubengera 4,044 951 7.34 958 24 Rugabano 8,054 2,506 2,506 31 Ruganda 6,183 2,339 2,339 38 Rwankuba 6,960 2,574 2,574 37 Twumba 9,801 3,179 1,062.89 4,242 43 Grand Total 79,298 1.51 22,719 1070.30 123.88 23,915 30 Sec t or Name Karongi land use plan _ inception report Total Sector land (Ha) Forest Cover Type T o t al FC (Ha) % F o r e s t cover Bamboo (Ha) Forest pla nta tion (Ha) Natural forest (Ha) Shrub (Ha) Source: Forest Cover Mapping (2019) In terms of the size of forest plantations in Karongi District, 71% of forest plantations have largescale plantations of greater than 2 ha per plot with the highest large area forests found in Twumba 2,172 ha, followed by Rwankuba (2,008 ha), Ruganda (1,841 ha) and Rugabano (1,839 ha) (Figure 3) . It is important for Karongi district to increase the forest density in sectors with low density. Reducing permits issued for Charcoal production in the least and degraded sectors could be a strategy to enable existing eucalyptus plantations increase their productivity.

71. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Map 13. Forest cover in Karongi District Sorce: Forest Cover Mapping (2019)

72. Karongi land use plan _ inception report In terms of forest cover change the Forest Cover Mapping (2019) has shown that the high rate of afforestation is observed in Mutuntu (58.7%), Rubengera (42.9%), and Rugabano (42.1%) (Table 3, Figure 5) . In other sectors also, the afforestation surpassed far the deforestation during the last decade from 2009. The overall trend is positive with a 12% increase in forest cover for the past ten years which is about 1.2% of forest gain every year in Karongi district. In terms of forest cover change the Forest Cover Mapping (2019) has shown that the high rate of afforestation is observed in Mutuntu (58.7%), Rubengera (42.9%), and Rugabano (42.1%) (Table 3, Figure 5) . In other sectors also, the afforestation surpassed far the deforestation during the last decade from 2009. The overall trend is positive with a 12% increase in forest cover for the past ten years which is about 1.2% of forest gain every year in Karongi district. Table 33 : Deforestation and afforestation status in Karongi District Bwishyura 1168 1,060 75 142 984 6 13.4 Gashari 1927 1,599 199 480 1,400 10 30.0 Gishyita 1203 1,491 507 183 983 42 12.3 Gitesi 1968 2,065 629 427 1,437 32 20.7 Mubuga 774 791 191 152 600 25 19.2 Murambi 1228 1,180 266 254 913 22 21.6 Murundi 1580 1,348 263 446 1,085 17 33.1 Mutuntu 1447 928 89 544 839 6 58.7 Rubengera 958 703 111 302 593 12 42.9 Rugabano 2506 1,916 284 807 1,632 11 42.1 Ruganda 2339 1,935 195 538 1,741 8 27.8 Rwankuba 2574 2,197 293 601 1,904 11 27.3 Twumba 4242 3,778 453 801 3,325 11 21.2 Grand Total 23915 20,991 3,554 5,677 17,437 15 27.0 Sec t or Name F C2019 (Ha) FC2009 Deforeste Afforeste d Deforest d area (ha) area (ha) No change ation rate (%) Afforest ation rate (%) Source: Forest Cover Mapping (2019)

73. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Map 14. Forest Cover density in Karongi DIstrict Sorce: Forest Cover Mapping (2019)

74. Wetlands Karongi district has many wetlands, which are all cultivated. According to the Prime Minister Order No 006/03 of 30/01/2017, some can be used without specific conditions, other under specific conditions (Table 4) . None of them is listed under protected wetland, despite that Nyabarongo was proposed as a RAMSAR Site. Table 34 : List of wetlands in Karongi Code Name Karongi land use plan _ inception report 126 Gatare Cultivated Local 42.79 15133.26 Use without specific Conditions 315 Mataka Cultivated National 115.98 38777.85 Use under specific conditions 316 Bahimba-Buhondo Cultivated National 488.73 74805.4 Use under specific conditions 375 Muregeya Cultivated National 3 71.88 11499.87 Use under specific conditions 3861 Mushogoro Cultivated National 88.4 17565.35 Use under specific conditions 4932 Nyamitanga Cultivated National 68.6 19728.61 Use under specific conditions 6893 Uwaruhinamavi Cultivated National 5 21.4 3376.19 Use under specific conditions 789 Mitongano Cultivated Local 17.84 6837.98 Use without specific Conditions 793 Munzanga Cultivated Local 43.25 14689.95 Use without specific Conditions 794 Bicuba Cultivated Local 5.28 1731.91 Use without specific Conditions 795 Rwagisozi-Ngoma Cultivated Local 4.58 3606.54 Use without specific Conditions 796 Muregeya-Rukopfu Cultivated Local 37.65 18899.23 Use without specific Conditions 800 Karehe Cultivated Local 30.29 14620.11 Use without specific Conditions 801 Kiraro Cultivated Local 14.29 3910.49 Use without specific Conditions 802 Kadahokwa Cultivated National 54.09 22169.51 Use without specific Conditions 803 Gisunzu-Nyabitare Cultivated Local 1.26 827.17 Use without specific Conditions 804 Musogoro Cultivated Local 60.06 26701.15 Use without specific Conditions 805 Kamaramaka Cultivated Local 5.45 1119.24 Use without specific Conditions 806 Gahanga Cultivated Local 16.24 7693.82 Use without specific Conditions Dominant v e g e ta tion Importance % natural v e g e ta tion Area (ha) Perimeter (m) Management

75. 807 Nyacyondo Cultivated Local 11.55 4475.96 Use without specific Conditions 808 Mwumba-Murambi Cultivated Local 3.19 1533.51 Use without specific Conditions 809 Kageyo Cultivated Local 2.78 840.37 Use without specific Conditions 810 Mashyiga-Nyacyondo Cultivated Local 7.99 3751.51 Use without specific Conditions 811 Kabakobwa Cultivated Local 18.81 5863.93 Use without specific Conditions 812 Nyakabuye Cultivated Local 4.59 1609.48 Use without specific Conditions 816 Magarama Cultivated Local 2.6 1047.18 Use without specific Conditions 817 Uwintobo Cultivated Local 9.48 5047.98 Use without specific Conditions 818 Bibyisi Cultivated Local 3.03 2411.48 Use without specific Conditions 819 Musasa Cultivated Local 7.84 3311.7 Use without specific Conditions 820 Rwabishiha - Uwintobo Cultivated Local 15.86 6397.21 Use without specific Conditions 821 Musasa Cultivated Local 15.82 3272.13 Use without specific Conditions 822 Nyagikangaga Cultivated Local 7.41 2886.81 Use without specific Conditions 823 Gatare-Nyabumera Cultivated Local 5.73 2067.79 Use without specific Conditions 825 Rwabishiha Cultivated Local 3.7 1633.56 Use without specific Conditions 826 Sumo Cultivated Local 5.7 3107.05 Use without specific Conditions 827 Gisovu-Muhanga Cultivated Local 6.65 3322.67 Use without specific Conditions 828 Rugusha-KI Cultivated Local 10.86 5807.37 Use without specific Conditions 830 Cyanyirandihano Cultivated Local 21.04 7614.85 Use without specific Conditions 922 NyagasayoAkarubaba Cultivated Local 17.86 9187.2 Use under specific conditions 923 Gisuma-Rwinkomo Cultivated National 61.78 19809.55 Use under specific conditions 924 Nyabarongo upstream Cultivated National 9 4849.38 346373.89 Use under specific conditions Source: Prime Minister Order No 006/03 of 30/01/2017 Karongi land use plan _ inception report

76. Mining Mining in Karongi district involves extraction of mines, stones, sand, clay, and limestones (Source: District LED Strategy, 2017). According to REMA, 2015 mineral potentials and exploitation, Karongi has different mineral concessions for different minerals including Wolfram and cassiterite between 150,000 to 300,000 tones. In Gashari, Gitesi, Murambi, Murundi, Rugabano, Ruganda sectors, cassiterite is found in primary quartz vein deposits and secondary alluvial deposits. Ores of high grade tantalum (4.5% of Ta2O5) has been found in Mukura Sector. In Mutuntu sector, gold and 3T (Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten (W) and Tin (Sn)). Potential for small to medium scale mine. In Gishyita Sector (Bisesero) there are ores of different mines including cassiterite. Figure below show the site locations for minerals in Karongi district. figure 14 : Areas where minerals are concentrated Karongi land use plan _ inception report Cassiterite Formula: SnO2 Locality: Bigugu, Karongi District, Western Province, Rwanda Reference: Wang, C., Zhao, K. D., Chen, J., & Ma, X. (2022). Examining fingerprint trace elements in cassiterite: Implications for primary tin deposit exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 105082. Gold Formula: Au Locality: Bisesero, Rwankuba, Karongi District, Western Province, Rwanda Reference: http s://w ww .rmb. go v.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Brochure_Geological_Collection.pdf Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Locality: Ndago, Murambi, Karongi District, Western Province, Rwanda Reference: http s://w ww .rmb. go v.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Brochure_Geological_Collection.pdf Quartz Formula: SiO2 Locality: Bigugu, Karongi District, Western Province, Rwanda Reference: Wang, C., Zhao, K. D., Chen, J., & Ma, X. (2022). Examining fingerprint trace elements in cassiterite: Implications for primary tin deposit exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 105082.

77. Map 15. Existing mining sites Karongi land use plan _ inception report

78. TOURISM AND CONSERVATION Karongi District has a strategic position in middle of the Kivu Lake Belt Road: Rusizi - Nyamasheke - Karongi - Rutsiro - Rubavu, The good access with the NR1 and NR7 roads of about 127 km, Karongi District as well as the 78 km Muhanga - Karongi road under rehabilitation. Karongi District has more than 32 hotels (5 stars to 1 star)withthecapacityofmorethan460roomnights. Major tourism areas along th shores of Lake Kivu have good cellular network and 4G internet connectivity. Although a large part of Karongi District has steep hills considered as challenges for the agricultural and transportation sectors, they are the opportunity for the development of tourism particularly in hiking, climbing and eco-tourism (a good panoramic view of volcanoes, Lake Kivu and other interesting landscap of other areas of Rwanda. Table 37 : Restaurants "Stars / Point of interest" Karongi land use plan _ inception report 4.1 3.7 4.2 4.8 4.2 4.3 3.8 4.6 1 4.7 4.3 3.7 4.1 3.5 4.3 4.3 2.8 4.4 1 4.3 1 4.5 3.4 4.3 Table 38 : Existing touristic infrastructure in Karongi District S/N Hotels and accommodations Rwiza Village Delta Resort Hotel Rebero Kivu Resort Spa Shallum - Deluxe Twi… Moriah Hill Resort Cormorah Lodge Bethany Hotel A Cleo Lake Kivu Hotel Karongi Lake View Retreat Inn on the Lake - Kibuye Kivu Lodge Romantic Hotel Home Saint Jean Nyenyeli Holiday Hotel Inzozi Ecolodge Ltd New Umunyinya House Best House Echo Hotel Macheo Ecolodge - Camping Luxury Suite with Balcony Kivu Blue Monkey Tours & Boat Trip Twin and Intimate Room with Nice Balcony Kay Sun Hotel Kivu Plage Golf Eden Rock Hotel / MUGAMBIRA Aphrodis Oroha Sunset Beach (a new spot in Kibuye) Other more than 20 unclassified hotels & accommodations S/N Restaurants "Stars / Point of interest" 1 Beach Restaurant 4 2 Chez Maman Joy 3.6 3 Murugwiro Resto & Coffee 4 4 Sailors Resto & Café 3.4 5 Umutimamwiza Restaurant 3.8 Source: RDB, Development of Tourism Investment Guidelines around the Kivu Belt, 2022

79. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Table 39 : Other touristic attractions S/N Community Based Tourism Main activities 1 """Tugarure Umuco Association"", ""Tugarure Umuco"" translates to ""let's revive dormant culture,""" Cultural shows, educational tours, gain historical knowledge 2 COTRALAKI: Water Based Transport Cooperative Guided boat tours to the various islands on Lake Kivu, visits to the swimming cows, night fishing experience, Agro tourism Main activities 3 Bwishyura Silkworm Cooperative Visitors can learn about mulberry farming – from planting the saplings, cultivation, to harvesting, in order to feed the silkworms, Visitors also learn about the numerous stages and commercial species of silkworms and other activities related to silk 4 Dushyigikirane Association harvesting sorghum, tour of processing factories, take part in beer making, 5 Gisovu Tea Plantation Tea experience tours with luxury accommodation, picnic lunches and cocktails, hiking, cycling through the lush green tea garden Nature-based Tourism Main activities 6 Amahoro Island (Peace Island) Scenic walks, camping, swimming, island boat tour, birdwatching, water sports activities, relax in bars water sport activities, 7 Bats Island (Nyamunini Island) Bird watching and Hiking, 8 Monkey Island Primate, bird watching 9 Nyungwe National Park Hiking, Chimpanzee Trekking, Canopy adventure, guided walk, Culture-based tourism Main activities 10 Bisesero Genocide Memorial Educational/Learning (Genocide Study), Dark Tourism 11 Environmental Museum Educational/Learning (Conservation Study) New or Undeveloped products Main activities 12 Mantis Kivu Queen uBuranga, Cruise along Lake Kivu visiting islands, guided hikes, birdwatching and interaction with communities for cultural experiences, 13 Les Chtes de Ndaba (Urutare rwa Ndaba) "Visit the Ndaba waterfall, According to legend, Ndaba rock was named after a man who died after falling here while collecting honey from bees living in the high rocks," 14 Golf Resort and Golf Course (Proposed project) Golf and luxury accommodation 15 Rubengera heritage site "Educational tour/ history learning, King Kigeli IV Rwabugili founded this Royal residence when he was returning from an expedition to Butembo," Source: RDB, Development of Tourism Investment Guidelines around the Kivu Belt, 2022

80. Map 17 : Tourism map Karongi land use plan _ inception report

81. Map 18 : Natural Conservation map Karongi land use plan _ inception report

82. Economic Development Employment opportunities Compared to the province level, this table shows that Karongi District needs to develop some opportunities of job creation in the mid- and long term. Table 40 : Summary labour force indicators by District, RLFS 2021 City of Kigali 587,129 167,542 438,522 63.2 49.2 22.2 36 37.3 48.4 Nyarugenge 130,088 44,454 96,558 64.4 48 25.5 38.4 39.4 49.9 Gasabo 269,102 75,947 203,550 62.9 49.1 22 38.5 38 51.1 Kicukiro 187,939 47,142 138,413 62.9 50.3 20.1 30.4 34.9 43.3 South pr ovin c e 707,618 190,220 894,535 50.1 39.5 21.2 46.9 42.6 61.3 Nyanza 74,287 18,024 101,017 47.7 38.4 19.5 46.2 43.5 62.2 Gisagara 90,279 38,149 120,396 51.6 36.3 29.7 57 45.5 66.6 Nyaruguru 75,087 18,081 131,709 41.4 33.4 19.4 47.1 45.1 64 Huye 94,364 18,142 92,816 54.8 46 16.1 28.3 36.7 45.8 Nyamagabe 98,832 22,621 107,787 53 43.1 18.6 48.6 37.2 60.3 Ruhango 84,472 21,475 117,270 47.5 37.8 20.3 46.1 44.7 62.6 Muhanga 100,715 31,281 109,398 54.7 41.7 23.7 47.2 41.6 59.6 Kamonyi 89,583 22,447 114,142 49.5 39.6 20 53.2 46.2 68.5 West Provin c e 630,472 175,033 736,738 52.2 40.9 21.7 49.4 40.6 61.6 Karongi 74,858 25,093 120,250 45.4 34 25.1 52.2 45.3 65.1 Karongi land use plan _ inception report Labour force Employed Unemployed Outside labour participation force rate Employment- t o-popul a tion ratio LU2 - Combined LU1 - rate of Unemployment unemployment rate and time-related underemployment LU3 - Combined rate of unemployment and potential labour force LU4 - Composite measure of labour underutili z a tion

83. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Rutsiro 91,641 18,119 83,741 56.7 47.4 16.5 49.3 36.9 61.7 Rubavu 122,898 32,024 113,951 57.6 45.7 20.7 48.2 36.1 58.3 Nyabihu 85,705 28,887 85,493 57.3 42.8 25.2 58.9 42.3 68.3 Ngororero 72,729 22,094 84,257 52.9 40.6 23.3 44.6 42.1 58.2 Rusizi 92,836 27,400 136,802 46.8 36.1 22.8 47.5 45.6 63 Nyamasheke 89,804 21,416 112,244 49.8 40.2 19.3 45.3 36.8 57.2 North Provin c e 540,765 130,221 586,496 53.4 43 19.4 48.9 40 61.9 Rulindo 90,425 18,886 102,508 51.6 42.7 17.3 46.3 38.2 59.9 Gakenke 93,862 23,839 133,186 46.9 37.4 20.3 62.8 48 75.8 Musanze 142,698 40,681 114,726 61.5 47.9 22.2 43.9 36.9 54.5 Burera 92,111 19,987 106,540 51.3 42.1 17.8 47.1 39.7 61.2 Gicumbi 121,668 26,828 129,536 53.4 43.8 18.1 47.2 37.5 59.7 East province 821,713 215,912 895,954 53.7 42.5 20.8 46.7 40.2 59.7 Rwamagana 92,079 42,075 118,046 53.2 36.5 31.4 53.8 48.6 65.4 Nyagatare 174,159 35,806 153,035 57.8 48 17.1 40.2 32.4 51.3 Gatsibo 154,722 37,789 169,969 53.1 42.7 19.6 43.2 38.6 56.6 Kayonza 101,726 30,372 126,384 51.1 39.4 23 45.7 44.7 61 Kirehe 111,470 31,397 126,569 53 41.4 22 50.3 39.6 61.5 Ngoma 90,416 14,451 95,830 52.3 45.1 13.8 52.9 42.5 68.6 Bugesera 97,139 24,022 106,122 53.3 42.7 19.8 46.9 39.2 59.8 Source: NISR / RLFS 2021 The labour force participation is 61.04% at national level while it stays to 45.04% in Karongi District. Idem for the employment-to-population of 34% vs 46.5%. The unemployment rate of Karongi District is higher than at national level, i.e. 25.1% vs 23.81%.

84. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Table 41 : Existing situation at national level (%), RLFS 2021 Sex Residential area Not P articip a t e d particip a t ed Description Total in subsistence Male Female Urban Rural agriculture in subsistence agricultu r e Labour force participation rate (%) 61.04 68.62 54.28 68.59 58.67 63.44 59.71 Employment-to-population ratio (%) 46.50 54.40 39.46 53.63 44.27 43.81 47.99 Time related underemployment rate (%) 30.96 27.89 34.73 14.81 37.10 47.13 22.77 LU1 - Unemployment rate (%) 23.81 20.71 27.30 21.80 24.55 30.93 19.62 LU2 - Combined rate of unemployment and time-related underemployment (%) 47.40 42.83 52.55 33.38 52.54 63.48 37.92 Source: NISR, RLFS 2021 Trade and Industry Industries (Light, General) Karongi District has not many industries, and the tables above summarizes the available ones: Table 42 : Existing coffee washing stations SECTOR CELL UMUDUGUDU HILL NAME Bwishyura Gasura Ruganda Ruganda APROCAGA Gasura Gishyita Buhoro Buhire Mpembe Rusenyi Coffee Growers Mpembe Gishyita Musasa Kiboya Musenyi Musenyi CWS Gishyita Rugarama Kabwenge Kabwenge Gishyita Coffee Gitesi Kirambo Kirambo Kirambo Gitesi CWS/KOPAKIKA Mubuga Kagabiro Runyinya Kagabiro Kibuye Mountain Coffee Mubuga Murangara Kabuga Mugatare KOPABAKAGI Murangara Mubuga Murangara Rwakamuri Karora Karora CWS Mubuga Nyagatovu Karora Mara Mara CWS Mubuga Nyagatovu Nyankira Nyankira ENAS Mubuga Rubengera Kibirizi Kimigenge Kimigenge KOPAKAKI Dutegure

85. Table 43 : Table showing existing industries zoning gen_lu zone_code Property Sector I1-Light Industrial I1 light industry Gishyita industrial zone I1-Light Industrial I1 light industry Mubuga industrial zone I1-Light Industrial I1 light industry Rubengera industrial zone I1-Light Industrial I1 light industry Rubengera industrial zone I2-General industrial zone Industrial I2 Tea Factory T wumba I2-General industrial zone Industrial I2 Tea Factory Gi t esi I2-General industrial zone Industrial I2 Tea Factory Ru g abano There are many opportunities to develop the secondary sector in food processing, wood industry and mining. 4.9.4. District Budget Karongi District is largely depending on GoR and donors. It should enlarge its tax base throuth industrialisation and services such as tourism, cross border trade. Table 44 : Budegt of Karongi District, 2021/22 industrial zone 1 GoR 18,900,728,631 82.6% I1-Light Industrial I1 light industry Rubengera 2 Donors 2,853,979,370 12.5% industrial zone 3 District own 1,120,183,286 4.9% I1-Light Industrial I1 light industry_Agakiriro Rubengera revenue Karongi land use plan _ inception report S/N Source Budget (Rwf) % 100% T o t al 22,874,891,287 Source: Karongi District (Website, 2022)

86. Map 19. Industrial sites Karongi land use plan _ inception report

87. Table 45 : Karongi Land use balance sheet Existing land use balance sheet Land use category area in ha percentage 1 Agriculture 40,059.84 40.33 % 2 Forest 20,383.99 20.52 % 3 Nyungwe Park National 1,344.76 1.35 % 4 Urban (Se c onda r y boundary) area City 3,204.06 3.23 % 5 Rural Settlement 8,757.35 8.82 % 6 Transportation 2,416.67 2.43 % 8 Ope n Spa c e- Ecotourism 588.00 0.59 % 9 Buffer 1,508.00 1.52 % 10 Waterbody 19,989.25 20.12 % 11 Wetland 1,077.08 1.08 % 99,329.00 100 % Figure17. Landuse Balance sheet Karongi land use plan _ inception report

88. Karongi land use plan _ inception report Detailed Workplan The following table provide details on Work Schedule and Planning of deliverables as recommended from ToRs, and reflected within our Methodology discussed within the previous chapters. Table 46 : Workplan sumary 1.1.1.1. Activities 1st Month February 2nd Month March 3rd Month April 4th Month May 5th Month June 6th Month July 7th Month August 8th Month September 9th Month October 01st 8 th 15 th 22nd 01 st 8 th 15 th 2 2 nd 29 th 05 th 12th 19th 26th 03 rd 10th 15th 24th 31st 07th 14th 21st 28th 05th 12th 19th 26th 02nd 09th 15th 23rd 30th 06th 13th 20th 27th 04th 11th 15th 1.1.1.2. 1. INCEPTION REPORT 1. Existing Situation of the district 2. List of data to be captured, strategies, approach and methodology 3. Team composition, roles and responsibilities of each team member 4. Detailed work plan including consultation plan and other planner activities 5. A GIS database containing structure of existing data 6. Existing Social Economic Situation, Benchmarking and Visioning 7. List of reviewed documents and key findings etc 1.1.1.3. 2. INTERIM REPORT 1. Socio-economic analysis 2. Detailed existing land use according to the ground reality 3. Detailed District Zoning plans and related single layer of the entire District. 4. Detailed District Zoning plans and related single layer of the entire District 5. Natural Resources, and Environmental management planning 6. Infrastructure planning

89. Karongi land use plan _ inception report 1.1.1.1. Activities 1st Month February 2nd Month March 3rd Month April 4th Month May 5th Month June 6th Month July 7th Month August 8th Month September 9th Month October 01st 8 th 15 th 22nd 01 st 8 th 15 th 2 2 nd 29 th 05 th 12th 19th 26th 03 rd 10th 15th 24th 31st 07th 14th 21st 28th 05th 12th 19th 26th 02nd 09th 15th 23rd 30th 06th 13th 20th 27th 04th 11th 15th 1.1.1.4. 3. DRAFT REPORT 1. Housing, Urbanization, Settlement analysis and planning 2. Tourism and conservation analysis and planning 3. Industrialization analysis and planning 4. Selected areas Design Reports 5. To develop site detailed physical plans (Plots subdivision) report (Those site plans will guide land readjustment process) 6. 3D animated design model 7. GIS Database 8. Housing typologies and Urban Designs 9. Training materials, etc 1.1.1.5. 4. FINAL REPORT 1. Final DLUP report 2. Summary for each chapter 3. Detailed District Zoning Plans Regulations Reports 4. Detailed District Zoning Plans Regulations Reports 5. Final GIS database and District Single layer 6. Capacity building and consultation reports 7. A video summarizing the DLUP with 3D model of urban, rurbans and sampled rural settlements sites 8. Cells land use zoning maps (A0 Format/Soft and hard copy): one map per cell 9. Brochures of DLUP summary (both in English, French and Kinyarwanda 10. Public display

90. Institution exptection / meeting week W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 S/N Source of data Expectations 1 Mayor Vision and strategies 2 President of District Council vision , land use wishes 3 Vice Mayor Economic economic drivers 4 Vice Mayor Social Affairs human capital and related data 5 E/S District Image of the district in all sectors 6 PSF Private investments 7 JADF mapping stakeholders and PPP 8 OSC Current land issues 9 BDEU Business oportunities in Karongi 10 Finance Unit Financial and ecoomic drivers 11 Rugabano Sector Sector specific land issues 12 Bwishyura Sector Sector specific land issues 13 Mubuga Sector Sector specific land issues 14 Murambi Sector Sector specific land issues 15 Gishyita Sector Sector specific land issues 16 Rwankuba Sector Sector specific land issues 17 Mutuntu Sector Sector specific land issues 18 Twumba Sector Sector specific land issues 19 Rubengera Sector Sector specific land issues 21 Murundi Sector Sector specific land issues 22 Gitesi Sector specific land issues 23 Ruganda Sector specific land issues 24 Gashari Sector specific land issues 21 NLA National land issues 22 REMA Kivu belt and buffer zone 23 RDB. MINICOM Kivu belt tourism master plan District council field works data collection Community engagment schedule from 1st Feb to 10 th May , 2023 Karongi land use plan _ inception report

91. Green Coastal tourism destination AKARERE KA KARONGI Umujyi utoshye , ugendwa, kandi ukunzwe

92. K arong i lan d us e pla n _ inc e p tio n report 171 Rugabano Tea Factory was among the visited facilities by the consulting Team MURAKOZE