Kidney hormones.pptx

Kidney hormones

1. KIDNEY HORMONES PRESENTED BY Nimisha.K Semester 2 M.Sc. Biotechnology

2. KIDNEY ANATOMY

3. HORMONES OF THE KIDNEY

4. Erytropoeitin Calcitriol Renin

5. ERYTHROPOEITIN Glycoprotein Mw = 34000 daltons Normal plasma levels- 50 U/L Regulates erythropoeisis Half life in man- 5 hours Specific activity – 74000 U/mg protein

6. Sources Foetus , neonate – liver Adult- juxta glomerular apparatus of kidney (85%) Perivenous hepatocytes (15%)

7. HISTORY Paul Carnot & DeFlandre - hormones regulate the production of red blood cells. Eva Bonsdorff and Eeva Jalavisto – named ‘erythropoietin’ Reissman , and Erslev -demonstrated that erythropoeitin circulated in the blood -able to stimulate red blood cell production.

8. STRUCTURE

9. RECEPTOR

10. EFFECTS

11. EFFECTS Stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

12. MECHANISM OF ACTION

13. REGULATION

14. Other regulatory factors Cobalt salt Androgens Alkalosis Catecholamines via β -adrenergic mechanism

15. Adverse effects Cardiovascular complications in patients with kidney disease Retinopathy in premature infants

16. USES Therapeutic agent produced by rDNA technology against anaemia resulting from kidney diseases Against AIDS-drug caused anaemia For stroke victims Against Mylodisplasia from cancer treatment

17. USES Stimulates angiogenesis- compensates for blood vessel loss during estrous cycle.

18. CALCITRIOL Active form of vitamin D3 Plasma level concentration- o.o3 μ g/L Half life- 0.25 days Estimated production rate= 1 μ g/day

19. SOURCES

20. STRUCTURE

21. BIOSYNTHESIS

22. EFFECTS Regulates plasma concentration of calcium and phosphate Inhibits the release of calcitonin from parathyroid

23. 3 TARGET SITES Intestine Bones kidney

24. Action on bones Bone resorption Bone mineralization Osteocytic osteolysis

25. Action on kidney Increases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate in concert with parathyroid hormone

26. Action on intestine Increases calcium permeability at the brush border Induces synthesis of calcium dependent ATPase Induces synthesis of calcium binding protein, CALBINDIN

27. Calcium transport to skeletal and cardiac muscles Stimulates differentiation of keratinocytes and inhibition of their proliferation Stimulation of immune cell differentiation Regulation of growth and production of growth factors Other actions of calcitriol

28. MECHANISM OF ACTION

29. REGULATION

30. RENIN Aspartyl protease Glycoprotein Mw = 37,326 D Secreted by granular cells of juxta glomerular cells of kidney Active renin has plasma half life = 80 min or less

31. DISCOVERY discovery of renin in 1898 -by Robert Tiegerstedt , Bergman. Roth and Reinharz - purified renin in a stable form.

32. STRUCTURE Consists of 2 lobes/ domains Active site- in cleft between 2 lobes

33. SYNTHESIS As a large pre- prohormone

34. EFFECTS Acts on adrenal cortex to release aldosterone - which act on kidney to increase sodium and fluid retention Stimulates release of vasopressin Stimulates thirst centres of brain Facilitates nor-epinephrine release from sympathetic nerve endings, inhibit norepinephrine uptake Keeps BP steady for long time

35. RENIN- ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM

36. When BP drops…

37. Renin-angiotensin system

38. REGULATION

39. SUMMARY