KIDNEY rena DOLTADE 410-C RADIOLOGY.pptx

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1. The Kidney: A Radiological Perspective NAME: DOLTADE BHARATH MARUTHI GROUP NO. 410-C

2. INTRODUCTION Overview : kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste, regulating electrolytes, and maintaining blood pressure. Importance of Radiology : Radiology plays a crucial role in evaluating kidney structure, function, and diseases .

3. Anatomy of the Kidney Renal cortex:**  Outer layer containing nephrons.
Renal medulla: Inner layer containing collecting ducts. Renal pelvis: Funnel-shaped structure collecting urine. Ureters: Tubes that transport urine to the bladder.
Function: Filtration: Removes waste products from the blood.
Reabsorption: Reclaims essential nutrients and water.
 Secretion: Releases substances like hormones and drugs.

4. Imaging Techniques for the Kidneys Common Kidney Diseases and Radiological Findings KIDNEY STONES A CT scan image showing a kidney stone. Findings:  Increased density on CT, may cause hydronephrosis (swelling of the kidney)

5. HYDRONEPHROSIS An ultrasound image showing hydronephrosis . Findings: Dilated renal pelvis and calyces, may be caused by stones, tumors, or other obstructions . Hydronephrosis is a condition where one or both kidneys become stretched and swollen as the result of a build-up of urine inside them. It can affect people of any age and is sometimes spotted in unborn babies during routine pregnancy ultrasound scans. This is known as antenatal hydronephrosis .

6. GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Findings: May be difficult to visualize on imaging, but changes in size and shape of the kidneys can be observed .   Glomerulonephritis is inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomeruli). It can come on quickly or over a longer period of time. Toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess fluid are not correctly filtered into the urine. Instead, they build up in the body, causing swelling and fatigue

7. CYSTS Findings: Fluid-filled structures, usually benign . renal cyst is a fluid collection in or on the kidney. There are several types based on the Bosniak classification. The majority are benign, simple cysts that can be monitored and not intervened upon. However, some are cancerous or are suspicious for cancer and are commonly removed in a surgical procedure called nephrectomy.

8. POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES Findings: Multiple cysts throughout the kidneys, can cause enlargement and dysfunction. Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder in which the renal tubules become structurally abnormal, resulting in the development and growth of multiple cysts within the kidney. These cysts may begin to develop in utero, in infancy, in childhood, or in adulthood