King’s Theory of Goal Attainment presentation.pptx

King’s Theory of Goal Attainment

1. King’s Theory of Goal Attainment Group 8: Shalin Naidu ,Dipika Prasad, Sharon Shivanjini, Reha Rikita, Faizaa Nisha , Paulini Ua, Sheenal Prasad

2. Introduction Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was first introduced in the 1960s. The basic concept of the theory is that the nurse and patient communicate information, set goals together, and then take actions to achieve those goals. It describes an interpersonal relationship that allows a person to grow and develop in order to attain certain life goals. The factors that affect the attainment of goals are roles, stress, space, and time. King’s Theory of Goal Attainment defines nursing as “process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and patient share information about their perception in nursing situation.” According to King, nursing’s focus is on the care of the patient, and its goal is the health care of patients and groups of patients.

3. Introduction CON'D According to King, the goal of the nurse is to help patients maintain health so they can function in their individual roles. The nurse’s function is to interpret information in the nursing process, to plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care.

4. The following propositions are made in the Theory of Goal Attainment: • If perceptual interaction accuracy is present in nurse-patient interactions, transaction will occur. • If the nurse and patient make transaction, the goal or goals will be achieved. • If the goal or goals are achieved, satisfaction will occur.

5. There are also assumptions made in the model. They are: • The focus of nursing is the care of the human being (patient). • The goal of nursing is the health care of both individuals and groups. • Human beings are open systems interacting with their environments constantly. • The nurse and patient communicate information, set goals mutually, and then act to achieve those goals. This is also the basic assumption of the nursing process.

6. According to King, a human being refers to a social being who is rational and sentient. He or she has the ability to perceive, think, feel, choose, set goals, select means to achieve goals, and make decisions. He or she has three fundamental needs: the need for health information when it is needed and can be used; the need for care that seeks to prevent illness; and the need for care when he or she is unable to help him or herself. Health involves dynamic life experiences of a human being, which implies continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal and external environment through optimum use of resources to achieve maximum potential for daily living. Environment is the background for human interaction. It involves the internal and external environments. The internal environment transforms energy to enable a person to adjust to continuous external environment changes. The external environment involves formal and informal organizations. In this model, the nurse is part of the patient’s environment. The Theory of Goal Attainment defines nursing as “a process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and client share information about their perception in a nursing situation” and “a process of human interactions between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and the situation, and through communication, they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals.” In this definition, action is a sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical action, and reaction is included in the sequence of behaviors described in action. King states that the goal of a nurse is to help individuals to maintain their health so they can function in their roles. The domain of the nurse “includes promoting, maintaining, and restoring health, and caring for the sick, injured and dying.” .

7. King gives detailed information about the nursing process in her model of nursing. The steps of the nursing process are: assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementations, and evaluation. The theory explains that assessment occurs during interaction. The nurse brings special knowledge and skills whereas the patient brings knowledge of him or her self, as well as the perception of problems of concern to the interaction. During the assessment, the nurse collects data regarding the patient including his or her growth and development, the perception of self, and current health status. Perception is the base for the collection and interpretation of data. Communication is required to verify the accuracy of the perception, as well as for interaction and translation.

8. The nursing diagnosis is developed using the data collected in the assessment. In the process of attaining goals, the nurse identifies problems, concerns, and disturbances about which the patient is seeking help.

9. Conclusion After the diagnosis, the nurse and other health care team members create a care plan of interventions to solve the problems identified. The planning is represented by setting goals and making decisions about the means to achieve those goals. This part of transaction and the patient’s participation is encouraged in making decisions on the means to achieve the goals. The implementation phase of the nursing process is the actual activities done to achieve the goals. In this model of nursing, it is the continuation of transaction. Evaluation involves determining whether or not goals were achieved. The explanation of evaluation in King’s theory addresses meeting goals and the effectiveness of nursing care.

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