Kingdom protista

The presentation mainly talks about a specific kingdom called "Protista", a single-celled organism.

1. KINGDOM PROTISTA

2. Characteristics Live in moist environments Both unicellular and multicellular Unicellular sometimes form colonies Multicellular lack tissues Eukaryotic Both autotrophic and heterotrophic Both sexual and asexual reproduction

3. Three Major Groups I. Animal-like Protists . II. Plant-like Protists . III . Fungus-like Protists .

4. I. Animal-like Protists Protozoan means “First Animal”. Cells contain a nucleus. Cells lack a cell wall. They are heterotrophs . Most can move on their own.

5. I. Animal-like Protists Classified by type of movement: Ciliophora Sarcodina Sarcomastigophora Sporozoa

6. Ciliophora Have cilia on the outside of their cells. Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.

7. Paramecium Pellicle : tough outer wall. Slipper shaped Oral groove: like the mouth Gullet: holds food. Food Vacuole: digests food. Anal Pore: removes wastes 2 Contractile Vacuoles 2 Nuclei Reproduces by either binary fission or conjugation . EXAMPLE OF CILIOPHORA

8. SARCODINA Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”) Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture food. Many have shells. These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.

9. AMOEBA EXAMPLE OF SARCODINA Most familiar Sarcodine . Blob shaped. Contractile Vacuoles: controls amount of water inside Food Vacuole : where food is digested.

10. SARCOMASTIGOPHORA Many live in animals Symbiosis a close relationship, at least one benefits. Mutualism : when both partners benefit.

11. EUGLENA Unicellular organism Contains the major organelles found in more complex life Autotroph and Heterotroph EXAMPLE OF SARCOMASTIGOPHORA

12. SPOROZOA All Sporozans are parasites. They feed on cells and body fluids. Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells). Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.

13. PLASMODIUM protozoan parasite the parasite responsible for human malaria EXAMPLE OF SPOROZOA

14. II. Plant-like Protists . Unicellular and Multicellular Colonies (groups of unicellular protists ) Can move on their own Autotrophs : make their own food from simple materials using light energy (photosynthesis). 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists ! Pigments : chemicals that produce color

15. 6 Groups of Plant like Protists Euglenoids Diatoms Dinoflagellates Red Algae Green Algae Brown Algae

16. Euglenoids Green Unicellular Live in fresh water Autotrophs , but can be heterotrophs under certain conditions. Flagella Eyespot: sensitive to light. Chloroplasts Pellicle

17. Diatoms Unicellular 10,000 living species. Aquatic Glass like cell wall Diatomaceous earth: course powder that comes from dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.

18. Dinoflagellates Unicellular Cell walls are like plates of armor. Two flagella Spins when it moves. Colorful (pigments) Can glow in the dark. Causes Red Tide

19. Red Algae Multicellular seaweeds Live in deep ocean waters Used for ice cream and hair conditioner Used as food in Asia

20. Green Algae Most are unicellular Some form colonies Few are multicellular Can live in fresh and salt water and on land in damp places. Very closely related to green plants.

21. Brown Algae Commonly called seaweed Can contain brown, green, yellow, orange and black pigments. Attach to rocks Have air bladders Giant Kelp can be 100 meters long! Used as food thickeners

22. III . Fungus-like Protists . Heterotrophs Have cell walls. Many have flagella and are able to move at some point in their lives. Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism)

23. Water & Downy Molds Live in water or moist places. Tiny threads that look like fuzz. Attack food crops Caused the Irish Potato Famine

24. Slime Molds The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores. At first they look like amoeba, then later they look like mold. Live on moist shady places. Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms.