KOHLBERG THEORY-ETHICS-MODULE-4-PPT-.pptx

Kohlberg Theory

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3. who is LAWRENCE KOHLBERG? He was an American psychologist who developed one of the best-known theories the moral development theory. His work modified and expanded upon Jean Piaget's previous work but was more centered on explaining how children develop moral reasoning. Kohlberg extended Piaget's theory, proposing that moral development is a continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan He died on January 17, 1978. 4

4. KOHlBERG’S THEORY

5. THREE LEVELS and 6 stages in KOHLBERG’S theory of moral development

6. LEVEL 1. PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY 7 At this level, individuals make moral decisions based on external consequences. This level occurs in children under the age of 9.

7. LEVEL 2. CONVENTIONAL MORALITY 8 At this level, individuals conform to societal norms and expectations. This level, is typical of adolescents and adults.

8. LEVEL 3. POST-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY 9 At this level, individuals develop their moral principles and values. This level occurs in individuals who have reached adulthood. Few adults reach this stage.

9. How Did Kohlberg Develop His Theory of Moral Development? Kohlberg developed a theory of moral development by asking boys between the ages of 10 and 16 to resolve a set of moral dilemmas. One of his most famous experiments involved presenting moral dilemmas to people, specifically the Heinz Dilemma. K ohlberg was not interested so much in the answer to whether Heinz was wrong or right but in the reasoning for each participant's decision. He then classified their reasoning into the stages of his theory of moral development. 10

10. HEINZ DILEMMA 11

11. 12 Should Heinz break into the laboratory to steal the drug for his wife? Why or why not?

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13. EXPLORING MORAL DILEMMAS IN “NOWHERE” 14

14. 15 Identify which levels and stages of moral development are represented in the following scenarios?

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17. CRITICISM OF KOHLBERG’S THEORY 18 GENDER BIAS : Kohlberg’s criticisms, Including Carol Gilligan, have suggested that Kohlberg’s theory was gender–biased since all of the subjects in his sample were male. Kohlberg believed that women tended to remain are the third level of moral development because they had a stronger emphasis on things such as social relationships and the welfare of others .

18. CRITICISM OF KOHLBERG’S THEORY 19 CULTURAL BIAS : Individualist cultures emphasize personal rights, while collectivist cultures stress the importance of society and community. Eastern, collectivist cultures may have different moral outlooks that Kohlberg’s theory does not take into account.

19. CRITICISM OF KOHLBERG’S THEORY 20 MORAL REASONING DOES NOT EQUAL MORAL BEHAVIOR: Kohlberg’s theory is concerned with moral thinking, but there is a big difference between knowing what we ought to do versus actual actions. Moral reasoning, therefore, may not lead to moral behavior.

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21. QUIZ 4.) D eals with the way we identify  right and wrong  as we grow up and go through adulthood. 23 5.) Kohlberg extended _________theory, proposing that moral development is a continual process that occurs throughout the lifespan . 1-3 )Give the 3 criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory 6 .) At this level, individuals develop their moral principles and values.

22. QUIZ 8.) At this level, individuals make moral decisions based on external consequences. 24 9-14.). What are the 6 stages of Kohlberg’s theories? Write it down in chronological order. 15.)The first systematic theory based on empirical research was introduced by? 7.)At this level, individuals conform to societal norms and expectations.

23. ANSWERS 25 1-3.)Gender Bias, Cultural Bias, And Moral Reasoning Does Not Equal Moral Behavior 4.) Moral Development 5.) Piaget’s 6.) Post-Conventional Morality 7.) Conventional Morality 8.) Pre – Conventional Morality 9-14.) STAGE 1: Obedience and punishment orientations STAGE 2: Individualism, Purpose, and Exchange STAGE 3:Interpersonal Accord and Conformity STAGE 4:Authority and Maintaining Social Order STAGE 5:Social Contract or Utility and Individual Rights STAGE 6: Universal Ethical Principles 15.) Kohlberg’s

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