L_3_Endopyhtes....................................ppt

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1. Endophytes
•All plants are infested with microbes
–Symptomless
•Epiphytes/Endophytes
•Balanced status of symbiosis
•= Majority
–Disease
•Pathogens
•Unbalanced status of symbiosis

2. Endophytes
•Microbes that live in plant tissue.
•increase plant biomass and resistance to pathogens.
•Of the 300,000 known species of plants, there is at
least one plant-associated endophyte.
•Can remediate pollutants just as good as rhizospheric
microbes, in some cases better
•Can produce Antibiotics, anti-cancer compounds,
antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, immunosuppressant
agents
•There are clear advantages of endophytes compared
to the closely associated rhizospheric cousins

3. Endophyte vs. Rhizospheric
•Population control is easier than soil microbes,
due to lack of competition (protected inside
plant tissue)
•Degradation of pollutants will be localized to
inside the plant, being contained from leaking in
the soil and air environment.
•Plant species-specific selection of necessary
bacteria for a specific pollutant
•Microbial sampling is easier. (plant tissue)

4. Endophyte/Plant relationship
•Endophyte gains
•shelter and nutrients
•Plant cost
•nutrients and resources
–(e.g. more susceptible to pests and diseases: BCAs)
•Plant gains
•Growth promotion
–(enhanced nutrient uptake)
•Increased tolerance to harsh environments
–(e.g. drought tolerance)
•Induced Resistance to pests and diseases (BCAs)

5. Plant Yield and Growth Promotion
•Enhanced nutrient/mineral availability and
uptake
–Phosphate, nitrogen
•Phosphate solubilization
•Siderophore production
–Minerals made more bioavailable; solubilized
by siderophore
•Osmotic adjustment, stomatal regulation

6. Endophytes Biocontrol
•Endophytes influence the fitness of a plant and
therefore its invasiveness
•Endophytes interact with plants and/or biocontrol
agents either enhancing or reducing their activity
•Endophytes trigger induced systemic resistance
(ISR)
•Immune-like response by plants